高中英语语法归纳与精练.doc

高中英语语法归纳与精练根据以往英语取得高分同学的经验和海文英语辅导名师的建议他们都一致认为英语语法和词汇是学好考好英语的重要基础其实完形填空是对语法词汇的综合考查但更关键的是学好此部分有助于对英语句子结构的分析和理解有助于学生掌握灵活多变的句式这样不仅有助于学生做好阅读理解而且有助于学生做好英译汉写好作文因此我们在此编写了有关重点语法的知识点并将陆续登出同时将刊登一些试题希望同学们认真掌握切不可因不靠它们而忽视了对英语基础知识的掌握一情态动词一情态动词的现在完成式的用法情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气在这两个方面mustmustntcancanntneedneedntmaymayntmightmightntshouldshouldntougtht等情态动词完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的1表示已经发生的情况1musthave过去分词表示对已发生情况的肯定推测译为昨天一定如MypainapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroomforthefirstmanImetaskedsympatheticallyAreyoufeelingallrightAmustbeBhadbeenCmusthavebeenDhadtobe答案为C2cantcouldnthave过去分词表示对已发生情况的否定推测译为昨天一定没如MarymyletterotherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenowAcouldnthavereceivedBoughttohavereceivedChasreceivedDshouldnthavereceived答案为A3maymighthave过去分词表示对已发生的事情做不肯定可能性很小的推测或事实上根本没发生译为也许如AtFloridaPowersCrystalRiverplantapotentiallyseriousleakageofradioactivewatermayhavebeenunknowinglycausedbyanelectrician2表示虚拟语气1neednthave过去分词表示做了不必做的事相当于didntneedtodo译为其实没必要如YouneednthavecomeoveryourselfAsitturnedouttobeasmallhousepartywesoformallyAneedntdressupBdidnotneedhavedressedupCdidnotneeddressupDneednthavedressedup没有必要穿的那么正式体现是说话者的建议实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定答案为D2shouldhave过去分词表示应该做某事但实际上未做译为本应该shouldnothave过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了译为本不应该如IregrethavinglefttheworkunfinishedIshouldhaveplannedeverythingaheadcarefully我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好但实际上作者还是没有规划好以至工作没有完成3oughttohave过去分词表示动作按理该发生了但实际上未发生译为该与should的完成式含义类似如heporteroughttohavecalledthefirebrigadeassoonashesawthefireinthestockwhichwentupinsmoke4couldhave过去分词表示过去本来可以做但却未做译为完全可以这点与oughtshouldhave过去分词用法相似如Whatyousaidisrightbutyoucouldhavephraseditmoretactfully5maymighthave过去分词表示过去可以做但实际未做译为那样也许会如Itmighthavebeenbettertoincludemorepunchystatisticsandphotosofequipmentintheintroductiontofurtherassistfirsttimeofficeautomationmanagers二几个情态动词常考的句型1maymightjustaswell不妨最好与hadbetter相近Sincetheflightwascancelledyoumightaswellgobytrain既然航班已经取消了你不妨乘火车吧相当于youhadbettergobytrain2cannotcanttoo越越好怎么也不过分注意这个句型的变体cannotover如Youcannotbetoocarefulwhenyoudriveacar驾车时候越小心越好ThefinalchaptercoversorganizationalchangeanddevelopmentThissubjectcannotbeoveremphasized3usednt或didtuseto为usedtodo的否定式4should除了应该一层意思外考研大纲还规定要掌握其竟然的意思如Ididntexpectthatheshouldhavebehavedlikethat我无法想象他竟然这样做三情态动词被动关系的主动表达法1wantrequireworth形容词后面接doing也可以表示被动意义YourhairwantscuttingThebookisworthreadingThefloorrequireswashing2need既可以用needtobedone也可以使用needdoing两种形式都表达被动的意义ThehouseneedspaintingthehouseneedstobepaintedThewatchneededrepairingthewatchneededtoberepaired二形容词副词及比较级最高级一形容词的修饰与位置一般来说从构词法角度来看后缀ly往往是副词但有的以ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词这点要注意形容词一般可以在句子中做定语表语等成份但有些形容词在句子中只能做表语和只能做前置定语这些形容词在修饰时候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意下面做了一下归纳1以ly结尾的是形容词而不是副词costly昂贵的lonely孤独的deadly死一般的lively活泼的friendly友好的silly傻气的kindly热心肠的likely可能的leisurely悠闲的ugly长得丑的brotherly兄弟般的monthly每月的earthly尘世的2只作以a开头的很多形容词只能做表语afraid害怕的alike相象的awake醒着的alone单独的惟一的alive活着的ashamed羞愧的asleep睡着的aware意识到的察觉到的well健康的content满意的unable无能的3只作前置定语的形容词earthen泥土做的大地的daily每日的latter后面的golden金子般的weekly每周的inner里面的silken丝一般的monthly每月的outer外面的wooden木制的yearly每年的elder年长的woolen毛织的former前任的mere仅只不过only惟一的sheer纯粹的very恰好的little小的live活的4下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词注意用做系动词时要求形容词做表语remainkeepbecomegetgrowgocometurnstaystandrunproveseemappearlook如Allthoseleftundonemaysoundgreatintheorybuteventhetruestbelieverhasgreatdifficultywhenitcomestospecifics二形容词与副词的比较级与最高级1考比较级时考生应把握1形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词对应出现即是否符合原级比较及比较级的结构如DoyouenjoylisteningtorecordsIfindrecordsareoftenorbetterthananactualperformanceAasgoodasBasgoodCgoodDgoodas在这里asgoodas比较连词与betterthan比较连词同时出现时候不能省略任何一个介词答案为AOnthewholeambitiousstudentsaremorelikelytosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethosewithlittleambition2比较的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念既是说比较要具有可比性如ThenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyearsmarathonwashalfAoflastyearsBthoseoflastyearsCofthoseoflastyearDthatoflastyears前后相比的应该是今年和去年注册参加的人数thenumberof故代替它的应该是单数指示代词that而不能选择Bthose是指代participants不是同类对比答案为DYoungreadersmoreoftenthannotfindthenovelsofdickensfarmoreexcitingthanThackerays3比较级与倍数词关系及其位置原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词表示为为若干倍当与有表示倍数比较的词在一起时候等他们的位置是倍数词asas或倍数词morethan但again一般放在原级词之后即as原级againas如SmokingissoharmfultopersonalhealththatitkillspeopleeachyearthanautomobileaccidentsAsevenmoretimesBseventimesmoreCoverseventimesDseventimes答案为BDoyouregretpayingfivehundreddollarsforthepaintingNoIwouldgladlyhavepaidforitAtwicesomuchBtwiceasmuchCasmuchtwiceDsomuchtwice答案为BMyuncleisasoldagainasIam4下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念inferiorminorseniorpriorprefertosuperiormajorjuniorpreferabledifferfromcomparedwithincomparisonwithdifferentfromratherthan如TheirwatchistoalltheotherwatchesonthemarketAsuperiorBadvantageousCsuperDbeneficial答案为APriortohisdepartureheaddressedalettertohisdaughter1986年考研题5比较级and比较级或moreandmorelessandless原级以及eversteadilydaily等副词比较级结构表示越来越的意思与这类结构搭配的常用动词有growgetbecome等前面两种情况更多地出现在进行时态中注意的是这三种情况引导的比较级后面都不需要用than如ThingsaregettingworseandworseAsIspoketohimhebecamelessandlessangryHerhealthwasbecomingdailyworseTheroadgoteverworseuntiltherewasnoroadatalltheroadgotworseandworse6比较级前面可以用evenstillyetallthemore等修饰语用以加强语气表示更加的意思如TodayitisevencolderthanyesterdayIhaveyetmoreexcitingnewsforyou7有关比较级的特殊句型Anotsomuchas与其说不如说ThechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisntsomuchariseinbirthratesafallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcareAandBasCbutDor人口增长的主要原因与其说是因为出生率的提高还不如说是因为医疗的进步带来的死亡率下降的结果答案为BBnonotanymorethan两者一样都不TheheartisintelligentthanthestomachfortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrainAnotsoBnotmuchCmuchmoreDnomore心脏和胃两者都不具有智力他们都受大脑控制答案为DThereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutaketheycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrinkAmuchmorethanBnomorethanCnolessthanDanymorethan答案为DCnonotanylessthan两者一样都注意基本上与nonotanymorethan意思相反Sheisnolessbeautifulthanhersister她和她姐姐一样漂亮Djustasso正如也用倒装结构JustasthesoilisapartoftheearththeatmosphereAasitisBthesameisCsoisDandsois答案为C2最高级形式应注意的问题1最高级比较范围用介词inoverofamonginallover用于在某一范围内的比较如inChinaallovertheworldofamong用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较如amongtheteachersofthefourdresses注意among相当于oneof不说amongall这一点考生应与汉语表达区别开来如allvisiblelightsredlighthasthelongestandviolettheshortestwavelengthAAmongBOfCForDTo答案为B2比较级形式表示最高级意义时比较对象的范围应用anyother单数名词theother复数名词theothersanyoneanythingelse上述词是用业将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语切不可遗漏尤其是other否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误如不能说Johnrunsfasterthananyone注意与汉语表达的不同3most可以用来修饰形容词或副词意思相当于very用法区分单复数但不能用定冠词the如amostinterestingbookmostexpensiverestaurants要注意与the形容词最高级of名词的结构表示的最高级的区别如HespokeinthewarmestofvoicesTheyhavebeenmostkindtomeBasketballisthemostpopularofsportsinthiscountryChineseisthemostdifficultoflanguageChineseisamostdifficultlanguage三不用比较级和最高级的形容词1表示颜色的有whiteblack2表示形态的有roundsquareovalcirculartriangular三角形level3表示性质和特征的有atomiceconomicscientificsonicgoldensilverywoolenearthensilentfullemptysuredeaddeafblindlamerainy4表示状态作表语的有afraidasleepaliveashamedaloneawarealike5表示时间空间和方位的有dailyweeklymonthlyannualpresentfrontbackforwardbackwardeastwestsouthnorthleftrightfinal6表示极限主次等级的有maximumminimumutmostmainmajorchiefminorsuperiorinferiorseniorjuniorsuperfavorite7含有绝对概念的有absoluteentirewholetotalperfectexcellentthoroughcomplete四平行结构与比较级平行结构很多情况下是由形容词或副词的比较级或者暗含比较意味的连词引导的如Theideallistenerstaysbothinsideandoutsidethemusicatthemomentitisplayedandenjoysitalmostasmuchasthecomposeratthemomenthecomposes大多数情况下平行结构都是具有一定的比较含义的有的是递进对比notonlybutalsoprefertoratherthan有的是同类对比andbutorbothandeitherorneithernor平行结构测试时候注意以下几点1注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同如ItisbettertodieonesfeetthanAlivingononeskneesBliveononeskneesCononeskneesDtoliveononesknees答案为DDespitethetemporarydifficultiesthemanagerprefersincreasingtheoutputtodecreasingit2其他具有并列或比较意义的短语也可引导平行结构1ratherthanletalone虽不是并列连词但在结构上连接两个语法形式相同的成分如WearetaughtthatabusinesslettershouldbewritteninaformalstyleinapersonalstyleAratherthanBotherthanCbetterthanDlessthan答案为AForthenewcountrytosurviveforitspeopletoenjoyprosperityneweconomicpolicieswillberequiredAtonameafewBletaloneCnottospeakDletssay答案为B2如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语而且介词相同一般说来第二个介词不要省略如Attimesmorecaregoesintothecompositionofnewspaperandmagazineadvertisementsthanintothewritingofthefeaturesandeditorials三代词及其指代一致一代词的指代1that的指代作用that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词如是复数用those后面通常跟有修饰语如出现在比较结构中的thatof如Conversationcallsforawillingnesstoalternatetheroleofspeakerwiththatoflisteneranditcallsforoccasionaldigestivepausesbyboth这里that指代前面的theroleNobreadeatenbymenissosweetasthatearnedbyhisownlabor2one的指代作用one指代带不定冠词的单数可数名词复数为onestheone指代带定冠词的单数可数名词如AgoodwriteriswhocanexpressthecommonplaceinanuncommonwayAthatBheConeDthis答案为C3do的替代作用do代替动词注意数和时态的变化如Forhimtobereelectedwhatisessentialisnotthathispolicyworksbutthatthepublicbelievethatitdoes二代词指代一致问题代词指代一致是指指代的名词在性数格上是否一致或者所照应的名词词组在某些方面保持一致Eachcigaretteapersonsmokesdoessomeharmandeventuallyhemaygetaseriousdiseaseformitseffect这里he指代前面的personItwasduringthe1920sthatthefriendshipbetweenthetwoAmericanwritersHemingwayandFitzgeraldreacheditshighestpoint这里its指代前面的两人的friendshipOurdepartmentwasmonitoredbytwosupervisorsBillandme这里me必须用宾格形式代词指代一致必须注意以下几个原则和规律1邻近和靠近原则由eitherorneithernornotonlybutalso连接先行词时候如果两个先行词在数和性上保持一致就用其相应的一直的人称代词如果两个先行词在数或性上不一致人称代词一般与邻近的先行词在数和性上保持一致NeitherMarynorAlicehasherkeywithherNeitherthepackagenorthelettershavereachedtheirdestinationIfeitherDavidorJanetcomesheorshewillwantadrink2当eacheveryoneeverybodynoonenoneanybodysomeonesomebody用作主语或主语的限定词时候或者anythingnothingsomethingeverything等不定代词作主语时候其相应的代词一般按照语法一致原则采取单数形式如EverybodytalkedatthetopofhisvoiceNoneoftheboyscandoitcanheEverythingisreadyisntit3当主语为复数形式后跟each作同位语时如果each位于动词之前其后的代词或相应的限定词用复数形式如果each位于动词之后其后的代词或相应的限定词用单数形式如Theyeachhavetwocoatsweareeachresponsibleforhisownfamily4由and连接两个先行词代词用复数如thetouristandbusinessmenlosttheirluggageintheaccident三主谓一致问题主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致把握主谓一致问题考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定进而选择适当的谓语解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则语法一致原则意义一致原则就近一致原则很多情况下应该综合利用这三个原则来处理主谓一致在不同情况下可能应用三个原则中的不同原则具体应用哪种原则应该视具体情况而定总结如下一谓语动词用单数的情况1动名词短语不定式短语名词性从句做主语谓语用单数如Buyingclothesisoftenatimeconsumingjobbecausethoseclothesthatapersonlikesarerarelytheconesthatfithimorher1987年考研题Tounderstandthesituationcompletelyrequiresmorethoughtthanhasbeengiventhusfar2表示时间距离金额重量面积体积容积等度量的名词短语做主语时谓语用单数TwoweekswastoolongFivetimesfivemakestwentyfive3一般用and连接的两个单词或短语做主语时候谓语用复数但是下面用and连接的主语表示一个概念谓语用单数lawandorder法制soapandwater肥皂水acupandsaucer茶杯碟子forkandknife刀叉theneedleandthread针线trialanderror反复尝试不断摸索horseandcarriage马车timeandtide岁月breadandbutter奶油面包theebbandflow盛衰潮涨潮落如IflawandordernotpreservedneitherthecitizennorhispropertyissafeAisBareCwasdwere答案A4表示学科和某些疾病名称的名词是复数形式作主语时候谓语动词用单数形式Linguisticsisabranchofstudyonhumanlanguage5有些名词形式上是复数意义上是单数根据意义一致原则动词用单数ThechaoswasstoppedbythepoliceThenewsisagreatencouragementtousAseriesofdebatesbetweenthelectureswasscheduledforthenextweekend6用and连接的成份表示一个单一概念时候动词谓语用单数形式BreadandbutterisourdailyfoodTimeandtidewaitsfornoman二谓语用复数情况1由andbothand连接的并列主语和bothafewmanyseveral等修饰语后面谓语动词通常用复数形式FewpeopleknowheandIwereclassmateswhenwewereatcollege2集体名词policepublicmilitiacattleclassyouth后常用复数形式的动词TheChinesepeoplearebraveandhardworkingThecattlearegrazinginthesunshine3当表示民族的词与冠词合用当主语谓语动词用复数形式TheJapanesewereonceveryaggressive4某些形容词前面加定冠词表示一类人做主语时候谓语动词用复数Thericharenotalwaysselfish5不可数名词作主语其前有表示数量的复数名词修饰时谓语动词用复数Threemilliontonsofcoalwereexportedthatyear三谓语动词可用单数也可以用复数的情况1就近一致原则这种情况下谓语动词使用单数还是复数取决于最靠近该动词的主语的单复数存在这种情况的主要由以下几种可能1由连词eitherorneithernorwhetherornotonlybutalsoor等连接的并列主语NeithermoneynorfamehasinfluenceonmeNotonlyyoubutalsoheiswrong2在倒装结构中谓语动词与后面的第一个主语一致BlockingtheopensidedporchframedbytheenvelopingfogstandsatallgravefacedpolicemanJustoutsidetheruinsisamagnificentbuildingsurroundedbytalltreesAlthoughagreatnumberofhousesinthatareaarestillinneedofrepairtherehasbeenimprovementinthefacili2主语带有togetheralongwithsuchasaccompaniedbyaswellasnolessthanexceptbesideswithcombinedwithinadditiontoincludingtogetherwith等等附加成分谓语的数不受附加成分的影响仍然与主语保持一致ProfessorTaylorwithsixofhisstudentsisattendingaconferenceinBostonorganizedtocomparecurrentpracticeintheUnitedStateswiththoseofothernationsThepresidentofthecollegetogetherwiththedeansisplanningaconferenceforthepurposeoflayingdowncertainregulations1981年考研题3关系代词做主语的定语从句中谓语的数要与先行词一致如Despitemuchresearchtherearestillcertainelementsinthelifecycleoftheinsectthatarenotfullyunderstood1996年考研题Therearemanyvaluableserviceswhichthepublicarewillingtopayforbutwhichdonotbringareturninmoneytothecommunity1990年考研题4一些表示数量的短语与名词连用时候谓语动词的数取决于名词的数名词是复数谓语动词用复数反之就用单数这些短语包括alotoflotsofplentyofheapsofhalfoftwothirdthreefourthofeightytentwentypercentpartofrestofnoneof等等TwothirdsofpeoplepresentarewomenLotsofdamagewascausedbythefire5集体名词作主语时谓语动词的数取决于主语表示的意思和数当表示整体时候谓语动词就用单数当强调集体中的个体时候谓语动词就用复数这些集体名词如armyaudiencebandgovernmentgroupflockpolicepublicstaffteamtroopCrowdfirmfamily等等ThefamilyisthebasicunitofoursocietyThefamilywerewatchingtheTVTheaudiencewasenormousTheaudienceweregreatlymovedatthewords6某些固定结构中主语与谓语的数第一组agreatmany可数名词复数谓语用复数anumberof可数名词复数谓语用复数themajorityof可数名词复数谓语用复数第二组thenumberof可数名词复数谓语用单数eachevery可数名词复数谓语用单数neithereitherof可数名词复数谓语用单数oneandahalf可数名词复数谓语用单数第三组morethanone可数名词单数谓语用单数manya可数名词单数谓语用单数第四组thegreaterpartofalargeproportionof50ofonethirdofplentyoftherestof谓语的数与of后面的名词一致第五组neithernornotonlybutalsonotbut谓语的数与主语的第二部分即norbutalsobut引导的后面部分一致注意比较MorestudentsthanonehavebeenreferredtoMorethanonestudentisgoingtobuythisbook四倒装结构倒装是指句子成分不是按主语在前谓语在后的正常语序排列而是将谓语或谓语的一部分移到主语之前倒装是一种修辞手段目的是为了强调倒装分为部分倒装和全部倒装考试多为部分倒装考生应掌握什么情况下需要倒装并对倒装后的句子能够认出来避免做题时候的盲目和迷茫一用全部倒装的情况全部倒装一般是存在以下列副词开头的句子中全部倒装的方法是把句子的主谓语序颠倒过来把谓语移到主语前面1出于修辞需要表示方向的副词outdowninupawayon如DownjumpedtheburglarfromthetenthfloorwhenheheardsomeoneshoutedathimUpwenttheplane2出于习惯用法heretherenowthushencethen如NowisyourturnTheregoesthebellHereisaticketforyouThereexistedacertaindoubtamongthestudentsastothenecessityofwork注意herethere用于倒装结构时主语一般为名词如果是人称代词则不需要倒装whereisthecupHereitisHereyouareTherehecomes3有时主语较长为了使句子平衡避免头重脚轻主谓要全部倒装这种情况多出现在主系表结构中如LessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflifeInbetweenthesetwoextremesarethosepeoplewhoagreewiththejurysystemasawholebutfeelthatsomechangesneedtobeimplementedtoimproveitseffectiveness二采用部分倒装情况部分倒装一般是把句子谓语的一部分主要是助动词或系动词放到句子主语前构成部分倒装而全部倒装则把句子的谓语包括实义动词都放在主语前1下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时若置于句首句子的主谓要部分倒装nevernoneithernotonlyhardlyscarcelylittleseldomrarelynotuntilnowhereatnotimeonnoaccountinnorespectinnosensebynomeansinvainstillless如NotonlyisitsdirectattackontheirdisciplineitbypassestheessenceofwhatsociologistsfocusonUndernocircumstancesshouldwedoanythingthatwillbenefitourselvesbutharmtheinterestsofthestate1985年考研题注1如果谓语动词是单个实义动词倒装时需根据人称和时态加助动词do如Littledidweexpectthathewouldfulfillhistasksorapidly1983年考研题2考生要广义理解句首的概念注意从句的句首和并列分句的句首均为句首如SuddenlyGallupsnamewasoneveryoneslipsnotonlywashetheprophetofthemomentbutitwasgenerallybelievedthathehadfoundedanewandmostimportantmethodofprediction2以only修饰状语副词介词短语状语从句开头的句子句子的主谓要部分倒装onlythenonlyatthattimeonlyonceonlyinthiswayonlywithonlythroughonlybyonlywhenonlyafteronlybecause如OnlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdatacometoasoundconclusionAcanyouBwouldyouCyouwillDyoucan3以下列副词或短语开头的句子句子的主谓要部分倒装oftensowelltosuchadegreetosuchanextenttosuchextremestosuchapointmanyatime如SoinvolvedwiththeircomputersthatleadersatsummercomputercampsoftenhavetoforcethemtobreakforsportsandgamesAbecamethechildrenBbecomethechildrenChadthechildrenbecomeDdothechildrenbecome2001年考研题答案为D4比较从句的倒装asthan引导的比较从句中如果主语是名词短语且较长经常采用倒装结构不倒装也可以注意这种结构主语一般为名词如果是代词则不倒装如HydrogenburnsmuchmorecleanlythandootherfuelsandiseasytoproduceTodayselectuiccarscannotgoasfastasgasolinedrivenvehiclesbecausethebatterydoesnotofferthesameamountofenergyasdoesgasolinecombustionReadingistothemindasisexercisetothebody5用于前面所说的情况也适用于另一人物的肯定句或否定句中的倒装1肯定重复倒装用soTheyhavegotupandsohasjack2否定重复倒装用norneithernomoreIfyoudontagreetoourplanneitherwillthey6notonlybutalso结构时如果notonly放在句首则前半句butalso句子后面不倒装Notonlydidweloseallourmoneybutwealsocameclosetobeingbroke三特殊的倒装结构特殊形式的倒装结构是指句子虽然是倒装结构但不是主谓倒装而往往是出于强调的需要把强调部分移到句首而其它部分顺序不需要改变句子主谓不需要倒装出现这样的情况有以下几种可能1让步从句的倒装1as引导让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构但不是主谓倒装而是将被强调的内容置于句首如MuchasIhavetraveledIhaveneverseenanyonetoequalherinthoroughnesswhateverthejobBraveastheyaretheyareafraidoffight2出现在句型be主语其他comewhatmay中如WhileitstruethatweallneedacareerpreferablyaprofitableoneitisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledgebeitscientificorartisticThebusinessofeachdaysellinggoodsorshippingthemwentquitesmoothlyAitbeingBbeitCwasitDitwas答案为B3nomatterhowwhohowever引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构但不是主谓倒装而是将被强调的内容置于句首如NomatterhowbusyheishehastoattendthemeetingHowevercolditishealwaysgoesswimming语法测试1ShesaidthatshemuchprogresssinceshecamehereAmakesBmadeChavemadeDhadmade2WhatsthematterAliYoulooksadOhnothingmuchAsamatteroffactImyfriendsbackhomeAjustthoughtBhavejustbeenthinkingCwasjustthinkingDhavejustthought3SheonthisessayfortwentyminutesbutshehaswrittenonlyaboutahundredwordsAwillbeworkingBworkedChasbeenworkingDwillhaveworked4ThecommitteewillnotmakethedecisionuntilitthematterAhasinvestigatedBinvestigatesCwillhaveinvestigatedDinvestigated5Careydidntgotothepartylastnightbecauseshethebabyforhersisteruntil930AmusthavelookedafterBwouldhavetolookafterChadtolookafterDshouldhavelookedafter6fouryearssinceJohnleftschoolATheyhavebeenBItisCItwasDThoseare7Thecaratthepresentspeeduntilitreachesthefootofthemountainatabout4oclockthisafternoonAhasgoneBhasnotgoneCwillbegoingDhasbeengoing8BythetimeyouarriveinLondonweinEuropefortwoweeksAshallstayBhavestayedCwillhavestayedDhavebeenstaying9Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbeingswereportrayedAhadproducedBhavebeenproducedCwouldhaveproducedDhadbeenproduced10ThepresidentthedelegationattheairportbuthewastakenilllastnightsothevicepresidentisgoingtoinsteadAistomeetBwastomeetChasbeentomeetDwastohavemet语法测题答案与详解1D根据时态一致的原则间接引语或宾语从句的时态应与主句的时态一致该句中said是过去时所以that引导的宾语从句中也要用过去的某一种时态而从句中since引导的时间状语从句表明其应为完成时态故应用过去完成时态2C通过上下文可以判定Ali看起来很难受很伤心是因为刚才在进行的事情所导致的所以用过去进行时较好故C是正确答案3C根据句意和时间状语fortwentyminutes可以判断这里应填入现在完成时态现在完成进行时是现在完成时态的强调形式并且选项中没有现在完成时态所以C是正确答案4A句意表明委员会是在调查事件之后才会做出决定调查应发生在决定之前所以应用将来完成时态但是在英语中时间条件状语从句中的将来完成时态是由现在完成时来表示的所以正确答案是A5C从上下文的逻辑意义看C项是唯一的正确答案Carey没有参加晚会原因是给她姐姐照看小孩子而A和D表示对过去发生的事情根据客观情况作出主观推断A作准是看孩子了讲D作本应该看孩子讲都不对而B表示动作发生在过去的将来也不对所以只有C正确6B这是一个固定结构或句型本句也可说在FouryearshavepassedsinceJohnleftschool或hasbeenfouryearssinceJohnleftschoo17Cuntil引导的时间状语从句用了一般现在时表示将来的意思主句因此必须用一般将来时与之呼应口语中常用将来进行时代替一般将来时表示预料即将发生或肯定发生的事也可表示某件事已经决定了本句完全可以用willgo因此正确答案是C8Cbythetime引导的时间状语从句中若谓语动词用现在时则主句要用将来完成时若谓语动词用过去时则主句要用过去完成时有时也可以用过去将来完成时这样本道题目的正确答案是C9D有具体表示过去某一时间段内业已发生的事件的时间状语句子应该用过去完成时10B由第一个句子中的but引导的转折句中所用的过去时可以判断总统本要在机场接见代表团表示计划要做某事在英语中可以用be动词不定式来表达故正确答案是B