Unit3_单元知识点总结.doc

Unit 3 Getting Together Topic1 基本句型 Excuse me, could you please tell me your name? Sure, my name is Jane. Could you help me with it? No problem. Does he speak some Chinese? Yes, he does./No, he doesn`t. He speaks English. What does he say in the letter? Jane, Sally and I are good friends. We often help each other. Many students in our class like English a lot, but I like it a little. What about you, Sam? No, I don`t like English at all. 词组 pen pal help sb. with sth. a lot not...at all each other a little very much a lot of every day 人称代词和一般现在时 人称代词代表人或事物，它有人称、单复数、主格和宾格的变化。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 主格 I  / we you  / you he/she/it/they 宾格 me  / us you  / you him/her/it/them 1.人称代词的主格和宾格。 (1)主格的人称代词作句子中的主语。 e.g. We are good friends. 我们是好朋友。 It is my cat. 它是我的猫。 (2)宾格的人称代词作动词或介词的宾语。 e.g. We all like her very much. 我们都非常喜欢她。       Please help me with Chinese. 请帮助我学习汉语。 2.实义动词的一般现在时。 实义动词表示动作或状态，在句中能单独作谓语。在一般现在时中，一般用动词原形，但如果主语是第三人称单数，动词必须用第三人称单数形式。 e.g. I want to visit the Great Wall.我想游览长城。       He helps me study English.他帮助我学英语。 实义动词在一般现在时中用助动词do（第三人称单数用does）构成否定句、疑问句；其答语也用do（does）。 e.g.—Do you come from the U.S.A.? 你来自美国吗？       —Yes, I do.是的，我是。/No, I don’t.不，我不是。       —Does he live in England? 他住在英国吗？       —Yes, he does. 是的，他是。       /No, he doesn’t. 不，他不是。 What does she say in the letter? 她在信里说了什么？ Unit 3-topic2 基本句型 Kangkang, what does your mother do? She is a teacher. Maria shows a photo of her family to Kangkang. Where does she work? She works in a hospital. My father works on a farm. She teaches English in a school. She likes to play with Kitty. 1.名词所有格 名词所有格的形式有两种，凡表示有生命的名词(人和动物)通常加“’s”来构成所有格，作定语，放在被修饰的名词之前。 e.g. Kate’s teacher凯特的老师，my teacher’s brother我老师的兄弟，Lily’s cat 莉莉的猫，a boy’s ball 一个男孩的球，the dog’s name这条狗的名字。 表示无生命事物的名词所有格时，则用由of引出的介词短语来构成，也作定语。 e.g. a picture of a classroom 一幅教室的图画，a door of the room 房间的一扇门。 有时，有生命的名词也可用of结构来表示所有格。 e.g. What is the name of her cat? = What is her cat’s name? 她的猫叫什么名字? 注意以s结尾的名词其后只能加’表示所有格。 e.g. Teachers’ Day  教师节 另外，若要表示分别所有，则需在每一个名词后均加’s。  e.g. Jane’s and Linda’s fathers简的爸爸和琳达的爸爸 如果表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加’s。 e.g. Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的爸爸 2.职业 What does he do? 他是干什么的? 这是询问职业的一个特殊疑问句，其答语要用职业名称。还可以这样表达：What’s he?/ What is his job?  e.g.  (1)—What does she do? 她是干什么的？             —She is a doctor. 她是医生。 (2)—What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？      —He is a farmer. 他是农民。     (3)—What do they do?/What are they? 他们是干什么的？      —They are workers. 他们是工人。 3.构词法 最常见的构词法有派生、合成和转化。 (1)派生  在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词。如： teach—teacher; act—actor; write—rewrite (2)合成  由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词。如： class+room  classroom, grand+father  grandfather, fifty+five  fity-five. (3)转化  一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类。如： 动词转化为名词work(v.工作)—work(n.)著作 4.可数名词变复数的不规则变化 (1) man, woman以及它们的合成词都是把中间的a变为e。 e.g. man — men, woman — women, salesman —salesmen (2) oo变为ee。 e.g. foot —feet, tooth — teeth (3) mouse —mice, child — children (4)单复数同形。 e.g. a Chinese —two Chinese a sheep — two sheep a deer — two deer (5)集体名词总是复数。 e.g. people, clothes, family(指全家人)，class(指全班同学)。 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词要与其保持一致。 e.g. Jim’s family are on the sofa. 吉姆一家（坐）在沙发上。 His clothes are on the bed.他的衣服在床上。 Unit 3-topic3 Help yourselves/yourself(to some fish)! Would you like some eggs, Maria? Yes, please./No, thanks. What would you like to drink? Apple juice, please. What do you usually have for breakfast, Michael? I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. May I take your order, sir? Fish with vegetables and rice, please. Would you like something to drink? Yes. A glass of apple juice, please. May I help you, sir? Why not have some fish and eggs? Good idea. They are all kind to me. I`m very glad to be here. 1. 名词和数 (1)可数名词 可以用数目来计数的名词叫可数名词。可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式。 (2)不可数名词 有些名词不能用具体的数字来表示，我们称其为不可数名词，如rice, milk, meat, water, tea等，不能在其前面直接加数词或a/an，也不能在词尾加s或es，但some和any可直接放在其前面。 e.g. some bread 一些面包， some coffee 一些咖啡，any water 一些水 如需同数词连用，可用表示量的名词表示。即：数词+表示量的名词+ of +不可数名词。 e.g. a cup of tea一杯茶，two glasses of milk两杯牛奶， three pieces of bread 三片面包 2. 动词have表示“吃”，“喝”的意思。 e.g. have some rice 吃米饭，   have dinner 吃饭， have tea 喝茶 What do you want to have? 你想吃/喝点什么? meal  饭，餐 Breakfast  早餐       Lunch  午餐 Supper  晚餐 Brunch  早午并餐       Dinner   正餐 3. would like表示“要，想要”，相当于want,但比want语气更委婉。它的结构通常是would like sth.想要某物。would like(sb.) to do sth.想(让某人)做某事。 e.g. I would like some apples. 我想要些苹果。 I would like to go there. 我想去那儿。 Would you like...? 你想要……吗?表示客气地提出请求或建议。 肯定回答：Yes, please. /Sure. 否定回答：No, thanks. /thank you. Would you like to do sth.? 你想去做某事吗？也表示向对方提出请求或建议等。 肯定回答：Yes, I’d love/ like to. 【重点短语和句型】 1. Could you please + 动词原形……？用来表示委婉的请求 ---Could you please tell me your name? --- Sure/ No problem. My name is Sally. --- Sorry. 2. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事       tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 Please tell me your name. = Please tell your name to me. Please tell Maria about it. 请把这件事告诉玛丽亚吧。 3. help sb. do sth.= help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人，帮助某人做某事 Please help us find him. Could you please help me with English? = Could you please help me study English? 4. want to do sth.= would like to do sth. 想要做某事 want sth. = would like sth. 想要某物 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做…… He wants to visit Beijing. = He would like to visit Beijing. I want/would like an orange. Jane wants Kangkang to sing some songs with her. 5. show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看 Maria shows a photo of her family to Kangkang. 6. My English is very good. =I can speak English very well. 7. live in+ 地点   居住在某地 live with + sb.   和某人住 He lives in China with his parents. 8. know a lot about…… 知道许多关于……的事 He knows a lot about China. 9. say表示说话的内容，speak表示说某种语言的能力 What does he say in the letter? He can speak some English. 10. 对事物的喜欢程度 like……very much/a lot 非常喜欢 like……a little 有点喜欢 don’t like……at all  一点都不喜欢 Many students in our class like English a lot, but I like it a little. He doesn’t like chocolate at all. 11. a lot of+可数名词复数/不可数名词 I have a lot of English books. 12. every day