2024年高考英语一轮复习词汇&阅读- 职业发展、未来规划和创新意识练习（含答案）.doc

话题九职业发展未来规划和创新意识第一部分话题词汇积累单词短语牙科医生牙科诊所编辑编者社论撰写人预算开支组织或机构中部系科离开出发起程赚挣获利挣得挣钱有弹性的灵活的渴望的热切的随和的不严肃的悠闲的经济经济情况经济结构经济的实惠的节约的强调重读受过良好教育的要素基本部分元素招待款待使欢乐有效率的高效能的环境客观环境外界最重要的必不可少的使尴尬使窘迫使困惑使为难鼓励鼓舞激励促进重大事件比赛项目体育比赛精力充沛的扩大扩充扩展增大最后终于终究工程师令人愉快的有乐趣的证据证明迹象明显雇佣工作情感上的有感染力的感性的全部地完全地为树立榜样谋生在某人五十出头的时候不紧张放松不急用装备毫无例外不遗余力地做与相等平等比得上能胜任强调重视结束终止词汇拓展大小数量价值等相同的同样的力气勇气能力等相当的能胜任的能应付的同等的人相等物大小数量价值等与相等等于比得上敌得过导致结果为搭配表示等于能胜任能应付等其中的是介词其后接动词时应用动名词意为等于比得上等是及物动词不要受其形容词用法的影响在其后加介词他们一样高他能胜任管理办公室的工作乘以等于没有谁的力气比得上他假设等于讲故事没有人比得上他对数量成本等的估计估价估计的成本估价估算我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量他根据破坏的程度估算风速据估计这项工程将持续四年辨析的区别通常指由个人作出的主观估价猜测一个大概的数值比如成本数量等等原义指为确定交多少税而估计引申指通过估价以便更好地利用指使判断绝对准确但多用于对人物的某方面的评价很少用于评价某物的市场价值活学活用一阅读下列句子在空白处填入个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空二翻译句子雷锋为我们树立了全心全意为人民服务的榜样只有当你不遗余力时你才能获得大的成就人人都渴望成功但成功只属于努力奋斗的人参考答案单词短语喷发爆发突然发生估计估算不包括把排除在外薪水工资生态学版本浮现出现兴起空的空洞的无意义的围住装入附上遇到偶然碰到相遇邂逅无止境的无休止的提高改进增强巨大的庞大的询问调查事业企业公司事业心评价评估申请人证书对热情忙于从事于词汇拓展活学活用一二她感到身体不适不能会客第二部分话题阅读训练A阅读理解RecentdatareleasedfromtheDepartmentofLaborintheUSshowthatforthefirsttimein10yearswomenmakeupmorethanhalf5004oftheworkforceManyhavecelebratedthismilestoneasproofthatwomenareinchingtowardequalityintheworkplaceAfterallasymbolofwomensequalityinAmericahasalwaysbeenincreasedvialaborforceparticipationForwomenintodayseconomyhoweverincreasedemploymentalsocarriesanincreasedburdenWomenearnlesshavelessflexibilityintermsoftheirworkschedulestomeetcaretakingdemandsandaremorelikelytoexperiencediscriminationbasedongenderorsexualharassmentthantheirmalecounterpartsintheworkforceWomenearnlessthanmeninnearlyeveryoccupationforwhichthereisavailabledataIfwedonothingwomenwillnotreacheconomicequalitywithmenuntil2059Forwomenofcoloritwilltakemorethanacentury2130forblackwomenand2224forHispanicwomenthosefromLatinAmericaThismeanswomenwillhavetoworklongerorholdmultiplejobstomakeendsmeetandtocarefortheirfamiliesIncreasedemploymentamongwomenhasnottranslatedintolessworkathomeManywomenintheworkforcearestillprimarilyresponsibleforthelionsshareofhouseworkandcaretakingresponsibilitiescomparedwithmenAnewstudybyOxfamAmericaInstituteforWomensPolicyResearchfindsthatwomenintheUnitedStatesspend37moretimeonhouseholdandcareworkthantheirmalecounterpartslimitingcareerchoicesandeconomicmobilityandaffectingtheiroverallhealthandwellbeingBlackandHispanicwomenspendnearlytwiceasmuchtimeonunpaidhouseworkandcaretakingdemandsastheirmalecounterpartsMuchhasbeenmadeaboutourstrongeconomyasmeasuredbyhowwellthestockmarketperformsandlowunemploymentTheresnodoubttheincreaseinworkforceparticipationamongwomenwillhelpboostthisnarrativeHoweveritdoesnotmeanthatwomenaremoreeconomicallysecureIntodayseconomyworkingandmiddleclassfamiliescontinuetostrugglewithrisinghousingandhealthcarecostsstagnantwagesandashifttoatechnologydriveneconomyfueledbyautomationandthelossofmanufacturingjobsThesetrendshaveanextremeimpactonwomen12WhyhavepeoplecelebratedwomenstakingupmorethanhalfoftheworkforceABecausewomenarelikelytoreplacemeninsomefieldsBBecausethatisthesymboloflaborforceparticipationCBecauseitindicatesmoreequalityforwomenatworkplaceDBecausethedatawasreleasedfromtheDepartmentofLabor13ThenumbersinPara3areusedtoemphasizethatAwomensinequalityisahardnuttocrackBwomenhavetobearanincreasedburdenCwomenearnlessthanmenineveryoccupationDwomenofcolorseenohopetoreachequality14WhydoesntwomensemploymentmeanwomenaremoreeconomicallysecureAManufacturingjobsareincreasedbyhightechautomationBThetrendsintodayseconomyareunfavourabletowomenCEconomyismeasuredbytheperformanceofthestockmarketDWomenareresponsibleforrisinghousingandhealthcarecosts15WhichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassageAWomensParticipationandEconomicgrowthBOverHalfofWomenHaveEnteredtheWorkforceCWomenSpendMoreTimeonHouseholdThanMenDWomensIncreasedEmploymentCarriesIncreasedBurden答案12C13A14B15D解析这是一篇说明文文章说明了美国劳工部最近公布的数据显示10年来女性首次占到劳动力的一半以上5004许多人庆祝这一里程碑认为这证明了女性正在向职场平等迈进但是对于当今经济中的女性而言就业增加也带来了更大的负担文章就女性就业的增加是如何对女性产生更大负担的这个问题进行了具体的分析12细节理解题根据第一段中RecentdatareleasedfromtheDepartmentofLaborintheUSshowthatforthefirsttimein10yearswomenmakeupmorethanhalf5004oftheworkforceManyhavecelebratedthismilestoneasproofthatwomenareinchingtowardequalityintheworkplace可知美国劳工部最近公布的数据显示10年来女性首次占到劳动力的一半以上5004许多人庆祝这一里程碑认为这证明了女性正在向职场平等迈进由此可知人们庆祝女性占据了一半以上的劳动力因为这表明女性在工作场所更加平等故选C13推理判断题根据第三段WomenearnlessthanmeninnearlyeveryoccupationforwhichthereisavailabledataIfwedonothingwomenwillnotreacheconomicequalitywithmenuntil2059Forwomenofcoloritwilltakemorethanacentury2130forblackwomenand2224forHispanicwomenthosefromLatinAmericaThismeanswomenwillhavetoworklongerorholdmultiplejobstomakeendsmeetandtocarefortheirfamilies可知几乎在所有有数据可查的职业中女性的收入都低于男性如果我们什么都不做女性要到2059年才能实现与男性的经济平等对于有色人种女性来说这需要一个多世纪的时间黑人女性要到2130年西班牙裔女性要到2224年这意味着女性将不得不工作更长时间或从事多份工作来维持生计和照顾家庭由此可推知第三段的数字是用来强调妇女的不平等是一个很难解决的问题故选A14细节理解题根据最后一段IntodayseconomyworkingandmiddleclassfamiliescontinuetostrugglewithrisinghousingandhealthcarecostsstagnantwagesandashifttoatechnologydriveneconomyfueledbyautomationandthelossofmanufacturingjobsThesetrendshaveanextremeimpactonwomen可知在今天的经济中工薪阶层和中产阶级家庭继续挣扎于不断上涨的住房和医疗费用停滞不前的工资向由自动化推动的技术驱动型经济的转变以及制造业工作岗位的流失这些趋势对女性产生了极端的影响由此可知女性的就业并不意味着她们在经济上更有保障因为当今的经济趋势对妇女不利故选B15主旨大意题根据第二段中Forwomenintodayseconomyhoweverincreasedemploymentalsocarriesanincreasedburden可知然而对于当今经济中的妇女来说就业增加也带来了更大的负担结合文章说明了美国劳工部最近公布的数据显示10年来女性首次占到劳动力的一半以上5004许多人庆祝这一里程碑认为这证明了女性正在向职场平等迈进但是对于当今经济中的女性而言增加就业也带来了更大的负担文章就女性就业的增加是如何对女性产生更大负担的这个问题进行了具体的分析由此可知D选项妇女就业增加负担加重最符合文章标题故选DB阅读理解ArobotwithasenseoftouchmayonedayfeelpainbothitsownphysicalpainandsympathyforthepainofitshumancompanionsSuchtouchyfeelyrobotsarestillfaroffbutadvancesinrobotictouchsensingarebringingthatpossibilityclosertorealitySensorssetinsoftartificialskinthatcandetectbothagentletouchandapainfulstrikehavebeenhookeduptoarobotthatcanthensignalemotionsAsadareportedFebruary15attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceThisartificialpainnervoussystemasAsadacallsitmaybeasmallbuildingblockforamachinethatcouldultimatelyexperiencepainSuchafeelingmightalsoallowarobottosympathizewithahumancompanionssufferingAsadaanengineeratOsakaUniversityandhiscolleagueshavedesignedtouchsensorsthatreliablypickuparangeoftouchesInarobotsystemnamedAffettoarealisticlookingchildsheadthesetouchandpainsignalscanbeconvertedtoemotionalfacialexpressionsAtouchsensitivesoftmaterialasopposedtoarigidmetalsurfaceallowsricherinteractionsbetweenamachineandtheworldsaysneuroscientistKingsonManoftheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaArtificialskinallowsthepossibilityofengagementintrulyintelligentwaysSuchasystemAsadasaysmightultimatelyleadtorobotsthatcanrecognizethepainofothersavaluableskillforrobotsdesignedtohelpcareforpeopleinneedtheelderlyforinstanceButthereisanimportantdistinctionbetweenarobotthatrespondsinapredictablewaytoapainfulstrikeandarobotthatsabletocomputeaninternalfeelingaccuratelysaysDamasioaneuroscientistalsoattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaArobotwithsensorsthatcandetecttouchandpainisalongthelinesofhavingarobotforexamplethatsmileswhenyoutalktoitDamasiosaysItsadeviceforcommunicationofthemachinetoahumanWhilethatsaninterestingdevelopmentitsnotthesamethingasarobotdesignedtocomputesomesortofinternalexperiencehesays36WhatdoweknowaboutthepainnervoussystemAItisnamedAffettobyscientistsBItisasetofcomplicatedsensorsCItisabletosignaldifferentemotionsDItcombinessensorsandartificialskin37WhatdoestheunderlinedwordconvertedinParagraph3probablymeanADeliveredBTranslatedCAttachedDAdapted38WhatdoesDamasioconsiderasaninterestingdevelopmentARobotscansmilewhentalkedtoBRobotscantalktohumanbeingsCRobotscancomputeinternalfeelingsDRobotscandetectpainsandrespondaccordingly39WhatcanbethebesttitleofthetextAMachinesBecomeEmotionalBRobotsInchtoFeelingPainCHumanFeelingsCanBeFeltDNewDevicesTouchYourHeart答案36D37B38D39B分析这是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能感受疼痛的有触觉机器人正在成为可能36细节理解题根据第二段中SensorssetinsoftartificialskinthatcandetectbothagentletouchandapainfulstrikehavebeenhookeduptoarobotthatcanthensignalemotionsAsadareportedFebruary15attheannualmeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceThisartificialpainnervoussystemasAsadacallsitAsada在2月15日举行的美国科学促进会年会上报告说在柔软的人造皮肤上安装的传感器可以检测到温柔的触摸和痛苦的打击并与机器人相连然后发出情绪信号Asada称其为人工疼痛神经系统可知疼痛神经系统结合了传感器和人造皮肤故选D项37词句猜测题根据第三段中InarobotsystemnamedAffettoarealisticlookingchildsheadthesetouchandpainsignalscanbeconvertedtoemotionalfacialexpressions在一个名为Affetto的机器人系统中这些触摸和疼痛信号可以为情感的面部表情由提到Affetto的机器人系统关于这些触摸和疼痛信号和情感的面部表情的关系可知划线词converted意为转化故选B项38细节理解题根据最后一段中ArobotwithsensorsthatcandetecttouchandpainisalongthelinesofhavingarobotforexamplethatsmileswhenyoutalktoitDamasiosaysItsadeviceforcommunicationofthemachinetoahumanWhilethatsaninterestingdevelopmentitsnotthesamethingasarobotdesignedtocomputesomesortofinternalexperiencehesaysDamasio说一个装有传感器的机器人可以检测触摸和疼痛这就像一个机器人当你和它说话时它会微笑它是机器和人类沟通的工具他说虽然这是一个有趣的发展但与设计用来计算某种内部体验的机器人不是一回事可知Damasio认为机器人可以检测疼痛并做出相应的反应是一个有趣的发展故选D项39主旨大意题根据第一段ArobotwithasenseoftouchmayonedayfeelpainbothitsownphysicalpainandsympathyforthepainofitshumancompanionsSuchtouchyfeelyrobotsarestillfaroffbutadvancesinrobotictouchsensingarebringingthatpossibilityclosertoreality有触觉的机器人有一天可能会感觉到疼痛既能感觉到自己身体上的疼痛也能对人类同伴的疼痛产生同情这种情感机器人离我们还有很长的路要走但机器人触摸传感技术的进步正使这种可能性更接近现实以及下文的描述可知本文主要介绍了机器人触摸传感技术的进步使能感受疼痛的有触觉机器人正在成为可能因此本文的最佳标题选项B机器人慢慢地会感受疼痛符合题意故选B项