高三英语语法-名词复习.doc

高三英语语法名词复习一名词的分类名词就其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词专有名词BeijingSmiththeUnitedNations个体名词manexpertfactory可数名词集合名词audience观众classfamily普通名词物质名词watercoalrice不可数名词抽象名词surprisehonourhelp二可数名词的复数形式1一般情况直接加sport港口portstechnique技术techniques2以sxchsh结尾发std音的词加esbusbusesboxboxesbushbushesbranchbranchesstomachstomachsstomach词尾发k故复数直接加s3辅音字母y变y为i加esuniversityuniversitiesy前为元音字母直接加sboyboys4以O结尾加esheroheroesO前为元音字母及部分外来词直接加szoozoosradioradiopianopianosphotophotos5以f或fe结尾变f或fe为v再加esleafleaveswifewives以下f结尾单词直接加sbeliefbeliefs信念roofroofs屋顶proofproofs证据safesafes保险柜chiefchiefs首领gulfgulfs海湾6不规则名词manmenwomanwomenfootfeettoothteethgoosegeesemousemicechildchildrenoxoxen注1有些可数名词的单复数相同要根据上下文的意义来确定其单数还是复数例如sheep羊fish鱼deer鹿means手段方法works工厂作品series系列注2在些可数名词只有单数形式但表示复数意义如果作主语谓语动词用复数形式如cattle牛people人民police警察注3集合名词既可看作单数作为整体也可看作复数作为集体的各个成员例如audience观众class班级family家庭group小组Herfamilyiswellknownintheregion她家在该地区是名门望族Hisfamilyarequarrellingseverelyabouttheproperty她的家人正在为分财产激烈地争吵改错1EverypossiblemeanshavebeentriedtocuretheboyofhisillnessABCD2FishalwayssellswellinthemarketsbecausefishcontainsrichproteinwhichcanbuildyouupABCD3Isitthepolicewhoissearchingthehouseforawantedcriminal罪犯ABCD三不可数名词物质名词抽象名词均属不可数名词前面不能加不定冠词aan词尾也不能加s请牢记下列典型的不可数名词news消息information信息advice忠告建议progress进步进展knowledge知识weather天气fun乐趣equipment设备English英语furniture家具wealth财富damage损坏traffic交通车辆及行人baggageluggage行李clothing衣服衣着word消息信息work工作homework家庭作业housework家务改错1WhatafunitistobebathedinsunlightonthebeachinsummerABCD2AtthethoughtofgainingsuchgreatwealthsbyprintingworksoffamouswritershewasfullofABCDjoy3WhatpleasantsurpriseitistobringmesuchanicegiftABCD4IfeelitgreathonourtobeinvitedtogiveadviceonyourteachingpapersABCD5WordofhissuddendeathcameasshocktousABCD说明1部分抽象名词可与aan连用此时词义发生变化表示某种事或人这些词有surprisepleasureshockhonourhelpsuccess等当这类词在句中作表语例3作宾补例4及在介词as之后词义发生变化通常要加aan说明2paper表示纸不可数表示报纸论文书面作文试卷文件有价证券为可数名词四名词的所有格名词的所有格通常在名词后加s构成用于表示所属关系用于以下情况1表示有生命的名词mybrotherscarchildrensbooks儿童读物studentsrooms2表示国家城市地域的名词ChinaspopulationBeijingsweather3表示天体时间距离金钱的名词themoonssurfacetenyearshardwork十年的辛劳todaysnewspapers20dollarsworthofastamp一张价值20美元的邮票其他无生命的名词通常用of名词的短语表示所属关系theobjectofthesentence句子的宾语thetitleofthefilm影片的名字五名词的作用1名词在句中可作主语宾语表语宾语补足语MrLiholdsanimportantpositioninthegovernmentoffice主语宾语Weelectedhimmonitorofourclass宾语宾补2名词还作其他名词的前置定语用于更准确说明某物的用途性质组成材料等ateacup茶杯acarnumber车牌号ashoeshop鞋店astonebridge石桥名词作定语必须用单数manwoman作定语用单数还是复数由被修饰的名词的单复数决定sport作定语单复数形式均可amanteacher一个男教师tenwomendoctors十个女医生asportsshirt运动衫thearmsrace武器竞赛特例选ItissaidthattheAirForceabout80millionayearReallyaproblemisntitAbirdhitcostBbirdshitcostsCbirdhitscostDbirdhitcosts本题题义空军每年因飞鸟撞击飞机造成的损失达大约八千万美元考查的是名词作定语名词作定语必须用单数故可考虑的答案为AC又因一年内鸟击飞机事件多次发生故选C六学习名词特别要注意的问题1准确把握词义重视近义词的辩析选Oneoftheadvantageoflivingonthetopfloorofahighriseisthatyoucangetagood2001年上海高考题AsightBsceneCviewDlook辩析sight1看见2视力3视野4风景scene1事件发生的现场2场面情景3景色4拍电影场景舞台布置view1眺望2视野3风景景色look1看2神色表情looksappearance外貌本句意为住在高层建筑顶层的优越之一是能清楚眺望到一切故本题答案为C近年来高考试卷非常重视对名词的考查是重点热点之一2正确掌握名词前冠词的使用规则选1SummerinsouthofFranceareformostpartdryandsunnyAaBtheCDthethe2MostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofdifferentkindunlesstheykillthemforfoodAtheaB不填aCthetheD不填the名词练习HeisamanofandhehasinterestinginhislifeAmuchexperiencealotofexperiencesBmanyexperiencesmuchexperienceCmanyexperiencemuchexperienceDmanyexperiencesalotofexperiencePerhapsweneedtoclearawaythesebookstomakeforournewstudentsAplaceBareaCroomDspaceIfyouaredrivingtotheairportcanyougivemeaAhandBseatCdriveDliftBeingabletospeakanotherlanguagefluentlyisagreatwhenyouarelookingforajobAchanceBimportanceCassistantDadvantageTheofbuildingtheGreatTheateronlyoneyearAjobspentBworkspentCpositiontookDworkstookHehadrunawayfromhomeandgonetowhenhewas16yearsoldAtheseaBaseaCseasDseaOnlyonethirdofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingwerethenewrulesAinfavourofBinagreementofCinforDwitthesideofEverybodythinkslittleofthefilmInfactthereisnoofitbeingtriedoutinthefilmfestivalAsignBuseCpossibilityDdoubtCanyourwithyou454545moneyjewellerycamerasandsoonAgiftsBsuitcaseCbagsDvaluablesStudentsshouldbeencouragedtofinishtheirhomeworkAofthemselvesBoftheirownCfortheirownDontheirownWhenheisangryhisstandsuponendAheadBuniformChairDskinHisletterwassoconfusingthatIcouldhardlymakeanyofitAexplanationBmeaningCsenseDguess4545IsMrSmithin4545NohesaskedforleaveAatwoweeksBatwoweekCatwoweeksDatwoweeks45454545carcrashedintoatreeyesterdayTheymusthavebeendrivingtoofast454545EveryboyandeverygirltodrivethatfastATomandJaneswishBTomsandJaneswishesCTomandJaneslikesDTomsandJaneswantMrWanghasHealmostneverrememberswhereheleaveshiskeysAWhatapoormemoryBWhatpoormemoryCHowgoodamemoryDHowpoormemoryThechangeofweathermayhavesomehishealthAsuddencausedBsuddeneffectonCsuddenlybadresultstoDsuddenlyeffectonBecausepricesoffoodandclothingandalmosteverythingelseinthatcountryhavesteadilygoneupthebuyingofthedollarhasgonedownAenergyBforceCpowerDstrengthofEnglishishelpfulifyouaredevotedtoEnglishliteratureAAgoodknowledgestudyBAgoodknowledgestudyingCGoodknowledgestudyDGoodknowledgestudying4545Fewchildrenareasbrightasheisandalsohewor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