英语必修一第一单元知识点总结.docx

英语必修一第一单元知识点总结 词汇 部分 短语归纳 对写作有帮助的短语 词语辨析 1. add up/add up to 2.power(人或国家机构的能力权利)/energy（物理学上的）/force（自然界法律道德感情或军事力量）/strength（固有的潜力，着重指人的）3,have got to直接加notHave直接提前和have to借助助动词do，句中有频度副词时候只能用have to 词形 变化 1. ignore vt. 忽视 ignorance n. 无知 ignorant adj.无知的 2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚 dusky adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的   3. add v.  添加; 增加 addition  n.  加, 附加 additional adj.  添加的;附加的 重点 单词 1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset) 2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系 3. settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt. 使定居，安家；解决 4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历 5. disagree vt. 不同意 重点 词组 1. add up合计 2. go through 经历；经受 3.  on purpose 故意 4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展 5.  in order to 为了…… 重点句子 1. Mother asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on. 2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 3. … it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 重点语法 直接引语和间接引语 拓展练习 自测 语言要点(模块) 一、短语归纳 1. 做个好朋友 to be a good friend 2. 做下列调查 make the following survey 3. 合计总分 add up the score 4. 得分 get points 5. 心烦意乱地来到学校 come to school upset 6. 不理睬铃声 ignore the bell 7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来 calm down your German friend 8. 关心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s) 9. 松开了 get loose 10. 不得不去户外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors 11. 帮他期末考试作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam 12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons 13. 记下一连串的请求 set down a series of requests 14. 根据问卷调查 according to the questionnaire 15. 根据编辑的忠告 according to the editor’s advice 16. 为了分担你的困难 in order to share your difficulties / troubles 17. 与老板相爱 fall in love with the boss 18. 与我的同桌相处融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate 19. 关心青少年 be concerned about teenagers 20. 为了和老板面对面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face 21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government 22. 经历了太多的战争 go through too many wars 23. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 24. 相邻的国家 neighboring countries 二、.词语辨析 1. cheat / fool 【解释】 cheat 主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等。 fool “愚弄”，指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 答案: 1). cheated 2). fool 1). You may get _________ in that shop. 2). He can’t __________ her. She sees through him every time. 2. calm / quiet / silent / still 【解释】calm 天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如。 quiet 表“宁静”、“安静”、“寂静”，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静。指人时侧重性格温和，文静。 silent 表“沉默”、“不发言”、“不说话”，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语。 still “不动的”，指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). Please stand __________ while I take your photo. 2). Why do you keep __________? 3). Everything was ___________. 4). He remained ___________ in the face of the enemy. 答案: 1). still 2). silent 3). quiet 4). calm 三.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. ignore vt. 忽视 ignorance n. 无知 ignorant adj.无知的 2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚 dusky. adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的   3. add v.  添加; 增加 addition  n.  加, 附加 additional adj.  添加的;附加的 4.dusty adj. 积满灰尘的 dust n. 灰尘 四.重点词汇 1.survey n. 调查，勘察，检测 The reporter made a survey of river pollution. 短语make a survey of…做…调查。 [典例]CCTV__ ___public opinion about the poisonous milk powder. A. make a list of B .make a record of C. make a survey of D .make fun of 问：其他三个词组是什么意思呢？ 2. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. ( upset, upset) [典例] 1).James was upset because he had lost his ticket.詹姆斯很烦躁因为他把票弄丢了。 2). I was very upset because one of my friends was rude to me.我很心烦，因为我的一个朋友对我很无理。 3). His cheating in the exam upset his teacher.他在考试中作弊，这使他老师很生气。 4). The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。 注意：upset做动词的时候，主语必须是令人不安的因素。 The bad news upset him. [重点用法] 1.be upset about/over/at 对…感到心烦意乱 upset sth打乱（计划/安排） [练习]The hurricane came unexpectedly , witch _____our plane. A. damaged B. upset C. harmed D. gave up 3.ignore v. 不理睬；忽视 She saw him coming but she ignored him. 拓展ignorant adj.无知的，粗鲁的，无理的；ignorance n. 无知，愚昧，不知道 [典例]用ignorance ignorant ignore填空。 1,他们一直蒙在鼓里，不知道他落了难。They remained________ of his cruel fate. 2..对于他的孤陋寡闻，我着实吃了一惊。I was surprised at his ________. 3．小孩不乖时，别去理他，不久他就会不闹了。 ________the child if he misbehaves, and he will soon stop. KEY：ignorant ignorance Ignore 4.calm v. 使平静；使镇定 adj.平静的；镇定的；沉着的 Jim tried to calm the frightened children . You should keep calm even in the face of danger. 拓展：calm down 使平静下来，安静下来 When she heard the news, she was so excited that nothing could calm her down. The crying children soon calmed down. Calm down, sir. What is the trouble? 5. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系 [典例] 1). The news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。 2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。 3). That's no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。 [重点用法] as / so far as … be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言 As far as English is concerned, he is the first in the class.就英语而言，他是全班第一的。 be concerned about/for 关心 be concerned with与…有关 We are all concerned about/for her safety .This text is concerned with basketball stars. [练习] 用concern的适当形式填空 1). There is an article that _______ the rise of the prices. 2). The children are rather _____ about their mother’s health. 3). Officials should ______ themselves _______ public affairs. 答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern … with 6. loose adj. 松开的；松的 He went to the dentist because he had a loose tooth. Check that the button has not come loose. loose构成的短语：come/get loose 松开，松动 break loose 挣脱 let…loose 松开，放开，使自由 [典例]1.She usually wears hear_______(松散的)。 2. Who has______ _____ ______ ______ (放开了狗)？ KEY：loose let the dog loose 7.series n.连续；系列 He has a series of football posters. a series of…一系列的…，一连串的…，一套… 【注意】a series of+复数名词 做主语的时候，谓语动词需要用单数形式。  8.outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外 The rain prevented them from eating outdoors. 拓展：当outdoors做名词的时候意为：野外，郊外的时候通常和the连用 The outdoors 户外野外。 outdoor 做形容词意为ie：户外的，室外的 I am not really the outdoor type. 9. dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚 You must return to your house before dusk. at dusk 在黄昏，在傍晚 The street lights go on at dusk. 10. entirely adv. 完全的，全然的，整个的 I entirely agree with you. 拓展：entire adj.整个的，完全的 She wasted the entire day on it. [练习] 用entire和entirely填空 That is an_______ different matter. The________ village was destroyed. 11. dusty adj. 积满灰尘的 The room was dusty. In summer the town becomes very dusty. 拓展：dust n. 灰尘 A cloud of dust rose as the truck drove off. 12. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安家；解决 [典例] 1). He settled his child in a corner of the city 他把孩子安顿在城市的一个角落里。 2). The family has settled in Canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。 [重点用法] settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在…定居 [练习] 中译英 1). 题目这么难，谁能解决？ 答案: 1). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?   13. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历 [典例] 1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常头痛吗? 2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。 [重点用法] suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑ 不适﹑ 悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头: [练习] 中译英 1).我们在那场事故中损失很多金钱。 2).他的脚痛得不得了。 答案: 1). We suffered much money in that accident.. 2). He suffers terribly with his feet. 14. disagree vt. 不同意 [典例] 1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。 2). We disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧。 [重点用法] disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的观点[某人的话/某人的决定] [练习] 中译英 1). 中国的报道与日本的不符。 2). 他不同意让我早些回家。 Key: 1). The reports from China disagree with those from Japan. 2). He disagreed to let me go home early. 五.重点词组 1. add up 加起来 [典例] 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。 2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？ [短语归纳] add (…) to …. （把什么）加入…中 add up to … 加起来是 [练习] 用add的适当形式或构成的词组填空 1). Will you _____ some more students to this project? 2). Small numbers _____ a large one. 3). 50 _______ 50 equals 100. 答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added 2.have got to 不得不，必须 辨析：相当于have to 不得不，必须 但是二者之间有一定的区别 Have got to 的否定形式是直接在have后面加not，疑问句时候把have提前。而have to 则是要借助助动词do. 当句中有频度副词出现的时候通常只用have to。Have got to很少用于过去时，而have to除了可用于过去时，还可以与情态动词，助动词连用。 3. go through 经历；经受 [典例] 1). The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。 2). I went through the students’ papers last night. [短语归纳]go ahead前进；请说（做）吧 go by走过,（时间）过去 go along with向前，（与…）一起去 go in for爱好，从事 go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭 go over越过；复习 go up爬上，（价格等）上升 go on with 继续；进行；暂时使用 [练习] 用go 构成的词组填空 1). It is wise not to ____ with this plan. 2). Prices ______ a little now. People are happy. 3). Anyway, don’t always_______ at night by yourself. 4). I am tired. I want to _____ now. 答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed 3.on purpose 故意，有目的地 [典例] The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。 [短语归纳] do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事 on purpose 表示故意地、有企图、有目的地 [练习]用 purpose的相关词汇填空 1). He didn’t do it ______. 2). What was your ____ ? 答案: 1). on purpose 2). purpose 4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展 [典例]1). It’s very hard to get along with him 他很难相处。 2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？ [短语归纳] get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与……相处得好/不好，……进展顺利/不顺 get away离开，逃离get down下来；写下，取下 get back 回来；恢复；取回；重新上台 [练习] 中译英 1). 你现在和同事相处得好不好? 2). 她已重新获得从前那份工作。 答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your