自学考试专升本英语词汇学资料精华

英语词汇学 Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origing and meaning of words(WNWD). English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morephological structures of english words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formatain and usages Empty words---As their chief function is to express the relation between notions, the relation between words as well asbetween sentences, they are known as form words. 1Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are aliens 2there is no intrinsic relationship between sound and meaning as the connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. 3denizens are borrowing that have become naturalized or as similated in English. 4Archaisms are words no longer in common use or obsolete in use. 5Content words are changing all the time wheras functional words are stable functional words enjoy a higher frequency in use than content words. 6A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called semantic loan Old English was a language of full endings,middle English was one of leveled endings. Although borrowing remained an important channel of vocabulary expansion,yet more words are created by means of word-formation. There are three main sources of new words:the rapid development of modern science and technology;social,economic and political changes;the influence of other cultures and languages. The language used between 450and 1150in called Old English , which has a vocablary of 50,000-60,000. Middle english refers to the language spoken from 1150 to 1500, followed by the mordern english period, subdivided as early modern english 1500—1700 and late mordern (1700-up to now). Morphemes---it seems to be generally agreed that a word is the smallest unit of a language that stands alone to communicate meaning. Affixation----Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. Tish proccess is also known as derivation.for new words created in this way are derived from old forms.the words formed in this way are called derivtives. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses:prefixation and suffixation. Yacht(Dutch)游艇 taboo(Polynesion)禁忌 cotton(Araic)棉花 chocolate(Mexican) 巧克力 coolie(Hindi)苦力 czar(russian)沙皇 kimono(Japanese)和服 boomerang(Australian native)回飞器 chili(mexican)干辣椒 shampoo(hindi)香波 wonton(chinese)混沌 tatami(Japanese)草垫 wok(Chinese)锅 sauerkraut(German)泡菜 Context is used in different senses. In a na