芀最全面的高中英语语法知识总结
莈
必修一:直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句);现在进行时表将来;定语从句
必修二:定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提);被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态)
必修三:情态动词;名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)
必修四:主谓一致;非谓语动词(V-ing) ;构词法
羄必修2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的 第二单元 一般将来时的主被动 第三单元现在完成时的主被动 第四单元 现在进行时的主被动 第五单元 介词+which/whom的用法
必修3 一二单元 情态动词的用法 三单元 宾语从句和表语从句 四单元 主语从句
五单元 同位语从句
必修4 第一单元 主谓一致 第二单 v-ing作主语和宾语的用法 第三单元 v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语 第四单元 v-ing作状语 第五单元 构词法
必修5 第一单元 过去分词作定语和表语 第二单元 过去分词作宾语补足语 第三单元 过去分词作状语 第四单元 倒装句 第五单元 省略句
螂人教版必修一各单元知识点总结
聿Unit One Friendship
蒇一、重点短语
莅1.go through 经历,经受 get through 通过;完成;接通电话
蒄2. set down 记下,放下
肂3. a series of 一系列
薇4 on purpose 有目的的
螆5. in order to 为了
羂6. at dusk 傍晚,黄昏时刻
袁7. face to face 面对面
蚇8. fall in love 爱上
膇9. join in 参加(某个活动); take part in 参加(活动)
蚄 join 加入(组织,团队,并成为其中一员)
薀10. calm down 冷静下来
蚇11. suffer from 遭受
莄12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦
肂13. be concerned about 关心
荿14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽
螇15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…
螅16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…
螃17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…
莂18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.) much too 太…(后接adj.)
袇19. not…until 直到… 才
膅20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心
芁21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为… make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
膀二、语法----直接引语和间接引语
羇概 念:直接引语:直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
羂间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
荿例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”
莅 Mr. Black said that he was busy.
蒂变化规则
莃(一)陈述句的变化规则
袇直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that(可省略)引导,从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
莈人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思
薂例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
蒀2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”
蕿→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
膇时态的变化
蚂直接引语
袁间接引语
芀一般现在时
羅一般过去时
螂现在进行时
芁过去进行时
螈现在完成时
蚄过去完成时
螂一般过去时
蚂过去完成时
蒀一般将来时
螇过去将来时
袂过去完成时
衿过去完成时
袈例:
蒆“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.
羁→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
芀The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
蚀→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
芅▲注意:如果直接引语是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变,如:
莅He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
蚁He said that light travels much faster than sound.
肈指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
芈直接引语
莅间接引语
肂this
螀that
肇these
蒅those
蒃now
芈then
袆ago
薅before/earlier
薀today
罿that day
薄yesterday
蚅the day before
羀tomorrow
蒇the next/following day
蚇the day after tomorrow
螅In two day’s time
莁come
腿go
莆here
袅there
螂the day before yesterday
薇two days before/earlier
膅(二) 祈使句的变化规则
羄如果直接引语是祈使句,变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面还要加上not。例:
衿The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
艿→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
羄He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
羄 → He told the boys not to make so much noise.
芀(三)疑问句的变化规则
螇如果直接引语是疑问句,变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序,句末用句号。
羇一般疑问句:如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,谓语动词是say或said时,要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:
肄“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.
蚁 → The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
葿2) 特殊疑问句:如果间接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的引导词,但疑问句要变为陈述句。例:
螆 “What do you want?” he asked me.
膄→ He asked me what I wanted
肂Unit two English around the world
羆一、重点短语
薅1. be different from 与…不同
芄 be the same as 与…一样
薃2. one another 相互,彼此(=each other)
蚈3. official language 官方语言
薈4. at the end of 在…结束时
莄5. because of 因为(后接名词或名词性短语)
虿 because 因为(后接句子)
莀6. native speakers 说母语的人
莆7. be based on 根据,依据
蒄8. at present 目前;当今
肀9. especially 特别,尤其
袈 specially 专门地
肅10. make use of 利用…
薄 make the best of 充分利用…
蒁11. a large number of 大量的,很多(作主语,谓语动词用复数)
薀the number of …的数量(作主语,谓语动词用单数)
袄12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上
薃13. believe it or not 信不信由你
袂14. there is no such thing as… 没有这样的事…
羈15. be expected to …被期待做某事
袇16. play a part/role in … 在…起作用
蚃17. make lists of…列清单
罿18. included 包括(前面接包括的对象)
蚀Including包括(后接包括的对象)
蚆19. command sb. to do sth. 命令某人去做某事
螃command + that 从句(从句用should+V原)
莀20. request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
膈request + that 从句(从句用should+V原)
蒅二、语法----英语中的命令(command)语气和请求(request)语气
袃命令语气:表示直接命令某人做某事,语气比较重,不怎么礼貌,一般用于上级对下级
螁例:1. “ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.
袀2. Open the window!
蒈请求语气:表示请求某人做某事,语气比较缓和,非常礼貌
羃例:1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked.
膂 2. Would you please open the window?
莇Unit 3 Travel journal
芇一、重点短语
肃1. travel----泛指旅行
薂journey----指长时间长距离的陆上旅行
聿voyage----指长距离的水上旅行,也可以指乘飞机旅行
羅trip----常指短时间短距离的旅行
膃tour----指周游,巡回旅游,
蝿2. prefer to 更加喜欢,宁愿
蒇 prefer A to B 比起B,更喜欢A
螄 prefer doing to doing 比起做…,宁愿做…
膃 prefer to do rather than do 与其做…, 不如…
膀3. flow through 流过,流经
艿4. ever since 自从
螇5. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
节6. be fond of 喜欢
薁7. insist on doing 坚持做某事
蚇 insist + that 从句(用should+ V原)
薆8. care about 关心
莂9. change one’s mind 改变想法
羂10. altitude 高度
荿attitude 态度,看法
莅11. make up one’s mind to do下定决心做某事
蒂 = decide to do = make a decision to do
莃12. give in 让步,屈服
袇 give up 放弃
莈13. be surprised to … 对…感到惊奇
薂to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是…
蒀14. at last = finally = in the end 最终
蕿15. stop to do 停下来去做某事
膇stop doing 停止做某事
蚂16. as usual 像往常一样
袁17. so…that 如此… 以至于…
芀 So + adj + a/an + n. + that
羅 Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that
螂18. be familiar with 对…熟悉(人作主语)
芁be familiar to 为…所熟悉(物作主语)
螈二、语法:现在进行时表将来
蚄现在进行时表将来,表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有:come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.
螂例:1. I’m coming. 我就来
蚂 2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天做什么?
蒀 3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行
螇 4. Where are you staying at night? 你们晚上待在哪里/
袂Unit four Earthquakes
衿一、重点短语
袈1. right away 立刻,马上(= at once = in no time)
蒆2. asleep 睡着的;熟睡地(fall asleep 入睡)
羁 sleep 睡;睡眠
芀 sleepy 犯困的
蚀3. it seems that/ as if … 看来好像… ;似乎
芅4. in ruins 成为废墟
莅5. the number of …的数量(谓语动词用单数)
蚁 a number of 大量(谓语动词用复数)
肈6. rescue workers 营救人员
芈 Come to one’s rescue 营救某人
莅7. be trapped 被困
肂8. how long 多长时间
螀 how often 多久,指平率
肇 how soon 还要多久(用于将来时当中,用in+时间段回答)
蒅9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的
蒃10. dig out 挖出
芈11. shake----泛指“动摇,震动”,常指左右、上下动摇,也可以指人“震惊,颤抖”
袆 例:1. She felt the earth shaking under him.
薅 2. She was shaken with anger.
薀 quake---- 指较强烈的震动,如地震
罿 例: The building quaked on its foundation
薄 Tremble---- 指人由于寒冷、恐惧、不安等引起的身体的抖动或声音的颤抖
蚅 例:Suddenly I saw her lips begin to tremble and tears begin to flow down her cheeks.
羀 Shiver---- 多指寒冷引起的颤抖、哆嗦
蒇 例:A sudden gust of cold wind made me shiver.
蚇12. rise (rose—risen)---- vi, 上升;升起, 无被动语态;give rise to 引起
螅 Raise(raised—raised)---- vt, 举起;筹集;养育
莁 Arise ( arose—arisen)----vt, 出现(常指问题或现象)
腿13. injure---- 常指因意外事故造成的损伤,也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害
莆 例:He was injured in a car accident.
袅 harm---- 泛指“