2014中考英语二轮专题复习
介词和介词词组
名师导航
1.介词表示时间、方位、方式的基本用法。
2.一些易混介词的辨析及介词短语的运用。
考点梳理
考点一 表示时间的介词
1.in
(1)用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、不特定的上、下午和晚上等词前面。如: in the twentieth century在20世纪; in 2012 在2012年; in winter在冬天; in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上。
(2)表示“在……之后”,后面接一段时间,多用于将来时。如:
We are going to Shanghai __in____ two days.
我们将在两天后去上海。
2.at
(1)用在表示钟点、中午、夜晚和拂晓的前面。如: at five o'clock在五点; at noon在中午; at night在夜晚。
(2)用在一些固定短语中。如:at the beginning of 在……的开始; at the end of 在……的结尾; at the same time同时; at the age of…/at age…在……岁时; at times有时。
3.on
(1)表示在具体的某一天或有修饰词的上、下午。如:on the morning of August 8在八月八日上午; on a cold morning_在一个寒冷的早上。
(2)表示在具体的某一天。如: on July 16, 2010在2010年7月16日。
(3)用在星期、节日前。如: on Monday 在星期一;on Teachers' Day 在教师节。
4.by
用来表示“在……之前,到……时”的结构为“by+时间点”,常与完成时连用。如:
How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?
到上学期期末为止,你学了多少个英语单词?
5.for
“for+一段时间”常与含延续性动词的完成时连用。如:
I have had this book for a long time.
我买这本书好长时间了。
6.since
“since+具体的过去时间点或‘时间段+ago’或一般过去时的句子”,也常与完成时连用。如:
I have taught in No.12 Middle School since 1989.
我从1989年就在第十二中学教书。
7.during
during意为“在……期间”,后接名词、代词或动名词,用于某一特定的一段时间,表示时间上的延续。如:
We will visit Shanghai during this summer holiday.
这个暑假期间我们要去上海参观。
8.after
“after+时间段”表示“过去的一段时间以后”;“after+将来的时间点”表示“将来的某一时刻以后”。
【即时训练】
1._______ the time I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
A. On B. In C. By D With
2.一When was Sbenzhou-10 sent into space?
— ______ the afternoon of June 11, 2013.[www.z︿z&@ste*p.co~m]
A. On B. At C. In D. For
3. Age 7, Bruce won second prize in the piano competition.
A. In B. At C. On D. For
4.Chinese President Xi Jinping and his wife Peng Liyuan set off on their first state visit to Russia ______ March 22, 2013.
A. in B. on C. by D. at
5. I had too much work to do last night, I didn’t go to bed______11 o’clock.
A. in B. until C. for
考点二 表示地点的介词
1.at
(1)用于小地点前面。如: at the door在门口;
at the bus stop 在公共汽车站。
(2)用于门牌号前面。如:
He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.
他住在南京路200号。
2.on
(1)表示一物放在另一物的上面,两者紧贴在一起。如:
The book is on the table.
这本书在桌子上。
(2)表示“领土的接壤”。如:
Canada lies on the north of the US.
加拿大位于美国北部。
(3)表示“在……左/右边”。如:
Li Ping is on my left. 李平在我左边。
(4)用于路名前。如:
He lives on Nanjing Road. 他住在南京路。
(5)表示“在……队”。如:on the team 在队里。
3.in
(1)用于较大的地点前,如大城市、国家、洲等。如:
He lives in Beijing.他住在北京。
(2)表示“包含;在……范围内”。如:
Beijing is in the north of China.
北京在中国北部。
(3)表示“在……排/行/组”。如:
We are in Team One.我们在第一组。
4.to
(1)表示“领土的不接壤”。如:
France lies to the south of England.
法国位于英国南部。
(2)表示目的地或去的目的。如:
Will you take a train to Tianjin?你将坐火车去天津吗?
5.over
over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在……正上方”。如:
Is there any bridge ______ the river?河上方有桥吗?
6.under
under是over的反义词,即“在……正下方”。如:
They were seen ______ the tree.有人看到他们在树下。
7.above
above表示“高于……,在……之上”。如:
There is an electric clock above his bed.
他床的上方有一个电子钟。
8.below
below是above的反义词,即“低于……,在……之下”。如:
Please don't write ______ this line.
请不要在这条线下面写东西。
9.across
across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。如:
She went ______ the street to make some purchases.
她穿过这条街去采购。
10.through
through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内穿过,含义与in有关。如:
The sunlight was coming in _____ _ the window.
阳光透过窗户射了进来。
【即时训练】
1. There are four people my family.
A. on B. at C. in D. of
2. —What do you often do classes to relax yourselves?
—We often do eye exercises, listen to music or do some running around the school. [w~ww.zz#s︿tep%@.com]
A. in B. among C. between D. through
3.Mrs. King put a coat_____________ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.
A. over B. with C. behind D. beside
4.Before the bridge was built ______ the river, the villagers had to take a boat to the other side.
A. in B. beside C. across D. along
5.It’s reported that President Xi Jinping arrived Moscow March 22nd pay a three-day visit to Russia.
A. at; on B. in ; on C. at; in D. in; in
考点三 表示方式、途径、方法的介词
常用介词: with, by, in, on 等。
(1)with表示“用工具,”也可表示“带有,具有”。如:
We listen with our ears. 我们用耳朵听。
(2)by表示“用某种方式、手段或通过……的方法”。如:
I usually go to school by bike.
我经常骑自行车去上学。
(3)in表示“用某种语言、噪音或材料;用某种方式”。如:
What's that in English? 那个用英语怎么说?
(4)on表示“使用一些无线电工具”。如:
I often talk with my friends on the phone.
我经常通过电话与朋友交谈。
【即时训练】
1.—What did you get______ your birthday, Tony?
—An iPad3, from my aunt.
A. to B. at C. with D. for
2.The man makes a living ______ teaching.
A. without B. with C. by
3.——Who’s that man _________ sunglasses?[来源︿:z#~z&s@tep.com]
—— He’s Jack Ding. I’ve just got an autograph from him.
A. on B. for C. of D. with
4.I think I should be allowed to make decisions _________ myself.[来源~@:*︿中国教育&出版网]
A. with B. to C. for D. against
5.Students shouldn't go to school _____ breakfast. It's bad for their health[来源︿:z#~z&step@.com]
A. with B.without C. for D. by
6.— Maybe you should call him up.
— But I don’t want to talk with him_______ the phone.
A. on B. at C. in D. with
考点四 其他介词
1.of, from
(1)of 用于成品与材料的性质不变时。如:
The desk is made of wood.课桌是由木头做成的。
(2)from用于成品与材料的性质已变时。如:
Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是用葡萄做的。
2.between, among
(1)between表示“在两者之间”或“三者以上强调每两者之间”。如:
Don't sit between the two girls.
不要坐在这两个女孩中间。
What does Lily do between meals?莉莉每餐间都干什么?
(2)among 表示“在……当中(三者或以上)”。如:
They lived among the mountains in the past.
过去他们住在山里。
3.besides, except
(1)besides 表示“除……之外(全部包括在内)”。如:
We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.
除了李芳之外,我们也见过鳄鱼。
(2)except 表示“除……之外(不包括在内)”。如:
We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.
在我们班,除了汤姆外,我们都是中国人。
【即时训练】
1. _______ the time I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.
A. On B. In C. By D With
2. There are four people my family.
A. on B. at C. in D. of
3. 一When was Sbenzhou-10 sent into space?
— ______ the afternoon