2020年高考英语真题试卷（新高考Ⅰ）（word版，含解析）.doc

2020年高考英语真题试卷（新高考Ⅰ） 一、阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)（共4题；共37.5分） 1.阅读理解 POETRY CHALLENGE     Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life. Prizes     3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. Trip includes round-trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.     6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.     50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight. Rules     Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.     ■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.     ■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.     ■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.     ■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year. （1）How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip? A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six. （2）What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A.A plane ticket.B.A book by Corinne Szabo.C.A special T-shirt.D.A photo of Amelia Earhart. （3）Which of the following will result in disqualification? A.Typing your poem out.B.Writing a poem of 120 words.C.Using both sides of the paper.D.Mailing your entry on October 30. 【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）B 【考点】细节理解题，时文广告类 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事，包括参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Prizes部分中的“Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人。故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据Prizes部分中的“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤。故选C。 （3）考查细节理解。根据最后一部分中的“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. Write a poem using 100 words or fewer”可知，所写的诗字数不能超过100字。否则，将会被取消资格。故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。 2.阅读理解     Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.     Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition(学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.     Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.     Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲)to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. "Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers," she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful. （1）What did Jennifer do after high school? A.She helped her dad with his work.B.She ran the family farm on her own.C.She supported herself through college.D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home. （2）Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield? A.To take care of her kids easily.B.To learn from the best nurses.C.To save money for her parents.D.To find a well-paid job there. （3）What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal? A.Her health.B.Her time with family.C.Her reputation.D.Her chance of promotion. （4）What can we learn from Jenifer's story? A.Time is money.B.Love breaks down barriers.C.Hard work pays off.D.Education is the key to success. 【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）C 【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，人物故事类，记叙文 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.”高中毕业后，Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费，因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育，可知，高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学，因为家里没有额外的钱。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Misnistry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.”她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目，因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。她可以开车去上课，晚上可以回家照顾孩子，可知，Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-Eau Claire项目是因为离家近，这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.”Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多，她放弃了很多个和孩子待在一起的晚上，错过了很多重要的活动。可知，为了实现自己的目标Jennifer放弃了和家人待在一起的时光。故选B。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with honors.”虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业；以及“However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's the pretty powerful.”然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励--这是非常强大的。可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到:努力总会有回报。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。 3.阅读理解     In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.     His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.     This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.     Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. （1）What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan? A.His friends' invitation.B.His interest in the country.C.His love for teaching.D.His desire to regain health. （2）What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Developing a serious mental disease.B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea. （3）Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan? A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous. （4）What is the purpose of this text? A.To introduce a book.B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.C.To remember a writer.D.To recommend a travel destination. 【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）B（4）A 【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，人物故事类，记叙文 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。 （2）考查代词指代。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段中的”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea”几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。故选B。 （4）考查写作意图。第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和写作意图四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。 4.阅读理解     According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.     To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.     Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.     For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.     The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having" effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? （1）What is the recent study mainly about? A.Food safety.B.Movie viewership.C.Consumer demand.D.Eating behavior. （2）What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to? A.Big eaters.B.Overweight persons.C.Picky eaters.D.Tall thin persons. （3）Why did the researchers hire the actor? A.To see how she would affect the participants.B.To test if the participants could recognize her.C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.D.To study why she could keep her weight down. （4）On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph? A.How hungry we are.B.How slim we want to be.C.How we perceive others.D.How we feel about the food. 【答案】 （1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C 【考点】推理判断题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，科普环保类，说明文 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。作者详述了这个实验的过程。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people相反，故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验；以及倒数第三段可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? ”如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法来调整影响的。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。 二、任务型阅读(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)（共1题；共12.5分） 5.