中考英语专项复习-形容词和副词.docx

01 命题趋势 考标导向化 在历年各地中考中，形容词和副词是必考的知识点，分值通常在3～5分之间。从命题形式来看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等；其中对形容词和副词的句法功能、比较等级的用法及易混形容词和副词的辨析的考查又是重中之重。预计年中考热点仍将集中在形容词和副词的词义辨析和比较等级的用法上。 02 定义 概念清晰化 形容词是用来修饰名词或不定代词，说明事物和人的性质和特征的一类词，在句子中用作定语、表语、宾语补足语；而副词用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，在句子中作状语、表语、补语和定语。英语中的形容词和副词都有等级的变化。 03 知识归类 知识网络化 ❶形容词的位置 分类图解 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置： 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时 nobody absent, everything possible 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后 the best book available, the only solution possible alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置 the only person awake 表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词 a bridge 50 meters long 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with else修饰疑问词和不定代词时 what else，something else 特例清单 1.有些形容词只能作定语。如： little(小的),only(唯一的),wooden(木质的),elder(年长的),woolen(羊毛质的)等及复合形容词man-made(人造的),kind-hearted(好心的),English-speaking(说英语的),take-away(可以带走的)等。 2.有些形容词只能作表语。如： alone(孤独的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒着的),alive(活着的),well(健康的),ill(病的),frightened(害怕的)等。 3.有些形容词貌似副词。如： friendly(友好的),lively(生动的),lonely(孤独的)等。 4.有些形容词与定冠词the连用，表示一类人或物。如： We should respect the old and love the young.我们应该尊老爱 幼。 It’s not polite to laugh at the blind or the deaf.取笑盲人或聋人是不礼貌的。 5.enough修饰名词时既可以放在名词的前面，也可以放在其后面；然而，enough作状语修饰形容词或副词时，应该放在形容词或副词之后。如： We have enough time(=time enough)to finish the work.我们有足够的时间来完成这项工作。 He ran fast enough to catch the bus.他跑得很快，足够赶上公共汽车了。 This hall is big enough to hold 1,000 people.这个大厅够大的，可以容纳1000人。 6.多个形容词作定语时，通常按“性质→大小(长短、高低、形状等)→年龄/新旧→颜色→国籍(地区、出处等)→材料”的顺序排列。如： a beautiful tall building一座漂亮而高大的建筑物 a large yellow Chinese coat一件黄色的中国式大衣 【题组训练】 形容词的作用及位置 ( )1.(2014·绥化)Keep all the windows _______，it’s too hot in the room. A.opened B.open C.closed ( )2.(2014·荆州)—I’ll not be Jack’s friend any more. —Don’t be angry.He’s just so ______，but in fact he’s good to us，you know. A.helpful B.direct C.polite D.brave ( )3.(2014·河北)How _____ Cindy grows !she’s almost as tall as her mother now. A.cute B.strong C.fast D.straight ( )4.(2014·来宾)After the earthquake，we heard of lots of ______ stories，and all of us were deeply . A.moving;moved B.moving;moving C.moved;moving D.moved;moved ( )5.(2014·东营)Overseas experience may help make our life______ .So why not try to study abroad? A.usual B.useful C.successful D.traditional ❷副词的分类 分类图解 时间 副词 soon, now, early, finally,once, recently 频度 副词 always,often,frequently, seldom,never 地点 副词 here,nearby,outside,upwards,above 疑问 副词 how,where,when,why 方式 副词 hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really 连接 副词 how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile 程度 副词 almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather 关系 副词 when,where,why 注意： 地点副词、时间副词和方式副词放在句尾，它们同时出现时的顺序是：方式副词→地点副词→时间副词。如： The students are doing the experiments carefully in the lab now.同学们现在正在实验室里认真地做实验。 Many people take exercise happily on the square every morning.很多人每天早晨在广场上高兴地进行锻炼。 【题组训练】 副词的作用及位置 ( )6.(2014·曲靖)David doesn’t like rice noodles，his son doesn’t，________. A.also B.too C.either D.not ( )7.(2014·随州)—How is Lucy’s English? —She always does very well in her English exams. But she can_______ understand English radio programs. A.always B.already C.easily D.hardly ( )8.(2014·宿迁)Sandy likes travelling. She_______ stays at home during holidays. A.seldom B.usually C.always D.often ( )9.(2014·绵阳)—Alex，did you find our old school last week? —Yes，but with much difficulty，for it has ________changed over these years. A.completely B.never C.hardly D.partly ( )10.(2014·昆明)Teenagers should be encouraged to go______ and be close to nature. A.inside B.back C.outside D.off ❸规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 分类图解 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词末尾加-er, -est。 small fast quick smaller faster quicker smallest fastest quickest 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r,-st。 nice fine nicer finer nicest finest 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加-er,-est。 early happy earlier happier earliest happiest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加-er,-est。 red big thin redder bigger thinner reddest biggest thinnest 部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more,most。 interesting important more interesting more important most interesting most important 特例清单 1.使用比较级时，在对比中应该是同类进行对比。如： “我的英语不如你的好”应译成“My English is not as(so)good as yours.”，而不能译成“My English is not as good as you.”。因为此句中比较的对象是English，而不是you，所以要把you改成yours(=your English)。 2.使用比较级时，切忌一方包含另一方，从而造成自身与自身的比较。如： “她比她班上任何同学学习都努力”应译成“She studies harder than any other student in her class.”，而不能译成“She studies harder than any student in her class.”。any student in her class包括she，使用了other才能将其排除。 【题组训练】 ( )11.(2014·山西)—Have you watched A Bite of China recently? —Of course.I do believe Chinese food is ____ in the world. A.the most delicious B.more delicious C.delicious ( )12.(2014·襄阳)With the development of modern science，it’s______ for us to get information from all over the world. A.slower B.busier C.harder D.easier ( )13.(2014·呼和浩特)The box was _____ than I had expected.I was out of breath when I got home. A.more heavier B.much heavier C.little heavier D.very heavier ( )14.(2014·嘉兴)—Do you like eating fish，Wang Han? —Of course.Nothing can be_______ ，I think. A.delicious B.beautiful C.more delicious D.more beautiful ( )15.(2014·白银)—He is the only one who failed in the math exam. —Really?You mean he studies________. A.the most careful B.the least careful C.the most carefully D.the least carefully ❹不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 分类图解 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst little less least many/much more most far farther farthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 【题组训练】 ( )16.(2014·绵阳)—Rosa，can I wear jeans and T-shirt to the evening party? —OK.But a dress might be______ . A.good B.worse C.bad D.better ( )17.(2014·长沙)—Oh，it was fantastic! Lily danced so well. —Well，I think Kate danced_______ than Lily. A.well B.better C.best ( )18.(2014·咸宁)—What do you think of her teaching English? —Great! No one teaches_______ in our school. A.good B.worse C.better D.Best ( )19.(2013·大庆)If you want to be thinner and healthier，you should eat _____ food and take ______ exercise. A.more;fewer B.more;less C.fewer;more D.less;more ( )20.(2013·南宁)We held a concert in the hall yesterday.Kate sang ______ among the singers. A.good B.well C.better D.best ❺形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法 分类图解 句型 意义 例句 as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者比较，程度相同。“as…as”结构前可以带表示程度的状语,像quite, almost, half, twice, nearly等。 This book is almost/nearly as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。 His ability is not half as high as yours.他的能力不及你的一半。 如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用as＋形容词/副词原级＋a(n)＋可数名词单数形式＋as。 Tom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是好人。 This is just as good an example as the other one.这个例子和另外那个一样好。 如果指同一个人或物，应译为“不但……而且……”。 Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但漂亮而且聪明。 not as /so＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者相比，一方不及另一方。 This village isn’t as/so big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。 I didn’t do my homework as carefully as you.我做作业不如你仔细。 形容词/副词比较级+than 两者进行比较。 The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。 She usually gets up earlier than others.她通常比别人起得早。 比较级＋and＋比较级 “越来越……”，多音节的用more and more＋形容词或副词原级。 She is growing fatter and fatter.她越来越胖了。 Our country is bec