高考英语完形填空训练题（word版附答案解析）.doc

完形填空TwonewstudiesaddfurtherpiecestothejigsawpuzzlethatishumanevolutionOnereportsan1extramemberofthegenusHomoTheothercasts2onpossibleinterbreedingbetweenthreehumanspeciesintheMiddleEastHomolongi4545DragonmanintoEnglishfromChineseviaLatin4545isnotan3findbutareinterpretationofanexistingoneThecranium头盖inquestionwasdugupinHarbinin1933andis4atHebeiGEOUniversityinShijiazhuangItis146000yearsoldandwas5badgedasanarchaicformofHomosapiens智人ButNiXijunandJiQiangwhoworkattheuniversitydisagreeAstheyreportintheInnovationthecraniumwouldindeedhavecontainedabrainsimilarinsizetoamodernhumansbutthefossilistoolargetobesapiensandhasmolarsandeyesocketswhichdwarfthoseofpeopletodayDrNiandDrJialsorealisedthatitistoolongandlowtobesapiensItlacksthe6ofamodernhumancraniumThisisgoodnewsfor7oftherecentAfricanorigintheorywhichholdsthatmostnonAfricanhumanbeingsalivetodayaredescendantsofasmallnumberofmigrantswho8toAsiafromtheHornofAfricaabout60000yearsagomeaningthatanynonAfricanhumanfossilfrombeforethatdateisprobablyofanotherspeciesdescendedfromearliernonsapiensdeparturesfromAfricaThequestionwaswhichearlierspeciesdidtheHarbinfossilrepresentBy9itwithknownarchaichumansincludingHomoerectusHomofloresiensisHomoheidelbergensisandHomoneanderthalensisDrNiandDrJi10thatitwasnoneofthemandmustthereforebenewtoscienceandsoworthyofitsownnameThereishoweveroneotherpossibilityforthereisanowextincttypeofhumanofwhichnocraniumhasyetbeen11HomodenisovasexistencewasestablishedbytheextractionofDNAfromafingerboneandtracesofthatDNAaremnantofinterspeciesbreedingstillexistinmodernhumansnotablyinChinaSinceoneoftheHarbinfossilsmolarsperfectlymatchesthesizeandroot12ofamolarfromtheDenisovacaveinRussiaafterwhichHomodenisovaisnameditmaybethatDrNiandDrJihaveactuallyidentifiedthefirstDenisovancraniumTheotherstudypublishedinSciencebyIsraelHershkovitzofTelAvivUniversityalsospeakstothequestionofinterspecificinterbreedingEvensupportersoftherecentAfricanorigintheoryrecognisethattherewas13anearlierleakageofHomosapiensfromnortheastAfricaintotheLevantDrHershkovitzandhiscolleagueshavebeenexaminingfossilsof14antiquity120000l40000years45collectedfromNesherRamlaasiteinIsraelThesetheyfoundhavesapienslikejawbonesNeanderthallikemolarsandcraniasimilartothoseofHomoerectusThissuggeststothemthattheyarethe15ofmiscegenationbetweenallthree1AfaintBpotentialCroutineDfake2AsoilBairCwaterDlight3AsecretBnovelCrelativeDreverse4AheadedBhandledCheldDhanded5AoriginallyBindependentlyCunexpectedlyDinevitably6AlazinessBselfishnessCeffectivenessDroundness7AdirectorsBsupportersCinvestorsDreminders8AtookBleftCcrossedDtoured9AcomparingBapplyingCreferringDpersisting10AexcludedBincludedCmentionedDconcluded11AequippedBidentifiedCperfectedDlaunched12AstructureBrangeCleadDfill13AbycontrastBasaresultCinrealityDinaddition14AoppositeBcrucialCrelevantDcompulsory15AproductBpropertyCprocedureDproteinAninternettrollissomeonewhopostsinsultingcommentsinanonlinechatroomsocialnetworkingsiteorblogTheiraimisnottocontributetothediscussionbutto16peopleormakethemangrySometimesthecommentsarefairly17ForexampleatrollmightvisitawebsitethatisdedicatedtofightingglobalwarmingandpostacommentlikeGlobalwarmingisamythmadeupbysecondratescientistswhojustwanttofurthertheirowncareersSomevisitorstothewebsitemightthinkthattheopinionisgenuineandstart18ThisisexactlywhatthetrollwantstostartafightHowevermanytrollsarefarmoredangerousandpostcommentsthataredeeplyhurtfulIn201145yearoldNicolaBrookesleftamessageofsupportforarealityTVcontestantonFacebookThecontestanthadreceivedhatemailonFacebookandfeeling19fortheyoungmanMsBrookesleftamessageonhisFacebookpagesayingsimplyKeepyourchinupFrankietheyllmoveontosomeoneelsesoonTheydidmoveontosomeoneelseMsBrookeswithinminutesMorethan100cruelmessageswereleftinjust24hoursandan20FacebookpagewassetupinhernameRacisttrollingprobablyhasthehighestprofilecasesWhenPremierLeaguefootballerFabriceMuambacollapsedonthefieldduringamatchin2012racistmessagesappearedonTwittertakingpleasureinhis21andlaughingathim22MuambamadeacompleterecoveryTheeffectsofsuchattackscanbeterribleespeciallyforpeoplewhoarebeingtargetedpreciselybecausetheyadmittedtoavulnerability易受伤inthefirstplaceSo23dotrollspostmessagesthatcausesuchdistressSomeofthemaresadlonelypeoplewiththeirownproblemswho24theattentiontheirpostsattractTheybehavebadlyonlinebecausetheyfeel25normalstandardsofpoliteandconsideratebehaviourTheyareinavirtualworldanddonothavetofacetheirvictimsTheysaythingsthattheywouldneverdaretosay26Finallytrollsbelievethattheycanremainunknownandthatnoonewillever27whotheyareThatisaboutto28howeverWhenNicolaBrookesfirstapproachedthepoliceandmadeacomplainttheytoldhertherewasnothingtheycoulddoSoshecontactedlawyersandbeganlegalactiontoforceFacebooktodisclosetheidentitiesofthetrollswhohadbeentormenting折磨herShe29thecaseandisfreetopursueprivateprosecutions起诉againstthoseresponsiblefortormentingherWithtrollsfacing30andpossibleprosecutioninfuturehopefullytheywillthinktwicebeforepostinginsultingmessages16AentertainBlocateCupsetDwelcome17AinformativeBconvincingCharmlessDunfair18Alaug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oratArizonaStateUniversitySoifwereallywantto59truesolutionsitsnotgoingtobejustpaintingallthestreetsgrayAsecondphaseofthestudywillexaminequestionsabouthowthematerialperformsunderdifferent60includingchangesinreflectivitydegradationandsubsurfacetemperatureoverlongerperiods46AapplyingBstickingCapproachingDcontributing47AoccurredBprovedCturnedDsaw48AefficientlyBconstantlyCtechnicallyDspecifically49AgeneratedBheatedCabsorbedDcalculated50AcycleBdeclineCsampleDvariety51AbalanceBcontrolCdifferenceDequality52AgraypaintedBlightcoloredCblacktoppedDdrysurfaced53AreflectsBtransmitsCresistsDexperiences54AextentBexposureCabsorptionDendurance55AfeltBheatedCstoredDneeded56AinstantBallsidedCobjectiveDmixed57AoptimisticBpositiveCpessimisticDobvious58AinfactBasaresultContheotherhandDforonething59AputdownBholdupCpushtowardDtakeback60AvariationsBconditionsCcirculationsDinvestigationsWeallknowthedangersofadietthatshighinfatButanewstudyfromresearchersattheTokyoMedicalandDentalUniversityTMDUinJapanhasnowfoundhavingafatheavydietcanalso61hairlossIntheaveragehealthyadultthehairfolliclestemcellsHFSCs毛囊干细胞62themselvesregularlywhichiswhyyourhairgrowsbackwhenyoucutitandalsowhyitbecomeslongerAswithmostthingsinthehumanbodythoughagingdoesntdotheHSFCsany63Asyougetolderthestemcellslosetheirabilitytoreproduceas64astheyoncedidleavingthehairtothinandorfalloutInthestudycarriedoutbyTMDUsdepartmentofstemcellbiologymicethathadbeengivenahighfatdietHFDweremoresubjecttoinflammatory炎症的responsesinthebodywhich65blockedfollicleregenerationleadingtohairlossWhatwassurprisingwasthatthe66inthehairfolliclescouldhappeninaslittleasfourdaysspentonahighfatdietandthattheproblemseemedtobeworseinoldermiceHighfatdietfeedingmakeshair67fasterbyreducingHFSCsespeciallyinoldmiceexplainsHironobuMorinagathestudysleadauthorWecomparedthegeneexpressioninHFSCsbetweenHFDfedmiceandstandarddietfedmiceand68thefateofthoseHFSCsaftertheiractivationItsnotjustthe69contentofyourfoodthatcandamageyourhairaswhatyouconsumecanreallyaffecthowyourhairgrowsandevenwhethermenwillkeepitasDrAliaAhmedwhospecializesinthestudyofskinexplains70shortagesareoftentherootcauseofmanyhairproblemsaddsDrAhmedIronvitaminAvitaminDvitaminEetctherearesomanynutrientsinvolvedinhair71shesaysItsnotjustgeneticsIfyouvegotasweettoothforexampleyoumayneedtothinkabout72thesweetfoodNotonlyissugarbadforyourhairbutitcancauseyourbloodsugarlevelstorisedramaticallywhichinmencanraisethelevelsofthehormoneandrogen雄性激素leadingtofollicle73andpotentialhairlossButdontmakethe74ofsubstitutingsugarforartificialsweetenersTakedietdrinksthatreplaceprocessedsugarwithartificialsweetenerslikeaspartameforinstanceIntheiranalysisofaspartametheUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministrationFDAhaslistedhairthinningandhairlossasoneofthemainsideeffectsof75ofaspartame61AfitinwithBmakeupforCcopewithDspeedup62AcureBrenewCidentifyDprotect63AharmBfavoursCjusticeDcorrections64AefficientlyBconstructivelyCgenerouslyDfundamentally65AinturnBbycontrastCforinstanceDasusual66AparticipatingBperseveringCworseningDdocumenting67AdyingBgrowingCcleaningDthinning68AalteredBtracedCsuspectedDstimulated69AproteinBvitaminCsugarDfat70ASleepBWaterCNutritionalDWidespread71AproductsBsamplesCdisordersDcells72AputtingdownBmessingupCfiguringoutDturningover73ArecreationBdamageCreplacementDdisappearance74AuseBprospectCdifferenceDmistake75AdisrespectBundervaluationCoverconsumptionDmisunderstandingInanagewhenyourrefrigeratorcanhelpyoumanageyourshoppinglistandyourphonecanansweralmostanyquestionyoudontreallyneedtorememberanythinganymoreWhichmakesthefeats丰功伟绩ofmemorychampionswhocanrecallhundredsofnamesandfacesrandomstringsofnumbersorwordsortheorderofmultipledecksofcardsseemmore76thaneverButheresalittle77aboutfolkswithphenomenalrecallInastudyrecentlypublishedinthejournalNeuronresearchersfoundthatsuper78donthaveunusuallylargecerebral大脑的regionsthatallowthemtoabsorbandsavehugeamountsofinformationTheirbrainstructuresare79thesameastherestofoursComparingbrainscansof23memorychampionswiththoseof23regularfolksofthesameagegenderandIQthescientistsfoundonlyone80Inthememorychampsbrainstheregionsassociatedwith81andspatiallearningandtheregionsassociatedwithmemorylitupinaspecificpatternIntheregularpeoplesbrainstheseregionswereactivateddifferentlyWhyisthat82BecausewelearnbyseeingandthemoreweseethebetterwerememberthingsThesememorychampionshaveperfectedamethodtoturnitemstheywanttoremembernumbersfacescardsevenabstractshapesinto83theyseeintheirmindsItsaprocesscalledbuildingamemorypalaceHereshowitworksFirstyoutransformyourtargetitemsintoanimage45anythingyoullremember84toremembercardsequencesEdCookerecognizedasaGrandmasterofMemorybytheWorldMemorySportsCounciltoldauthorTimFerrissthatheassignseachcardacelebrityanactionandanobjecteachthreecardcombinationthenformsauniqueimagewiththecelebrityfromthefirstcardtheactionfromthesecondandtheobjectfromthethirdSoJackofspadessixofspadesaceofdiamondsbecomestheTaylorSwiftwearingLadyGagasmeatdressandholdingMichaelJordansbasketballYesthatsoundsweirdbutCookessystemisbuiltontheideathatyourmemoryhangsonto85hintsbetterthancommononesThenmentallyplacethatpicturesomewhere86toyouinyourhouseoratsomepointalongyourcommute上下班forexampleFinallymakeupastoryabouttheitemswhichwillhelpyouconnecttheminthecorrect87SoundlikealotofworkIndeeditisItsno88thatmanyofthecompetitorsontheWorldMemoryChampionshipcallthemselvesmentalathletesJustlikeathletesthey89toperfecttheirskillsThatsaidtheNeuronstudyalsoreportsthatresearcherstaughtagroupofuniversitystudentsthememorypalacetechniquethroughdailyhalfhourlessonsAfterjustsixweeksthestudents90scanslookedmorelikethoseofthememorychampions76AsuperhumanBdifficultCincredibleDmeaningless77AworryBrumourCpanicDsecret78AresearchersBmemorizersCheroesDgeniuses79AimpersonallyBeffortlesslyCfeasiblyDessentially80AdifferenceBmysteryCconditionDdirection81AdistanceBactionCvisualDaudio82AdefiniteBpossibleCimportantDdemanding83AeventsBpicturesCfilmsDsamples84AInadditionBForinstanceCByallmeansDOnthewhole85AunusualBsimilarCrelatedDunclear86AoppositeBdevotedCcloseDfamiliar87ApositionBimageCorderDframe88AaccidentBgoodCambitionDdefence89AwishBtrainCarrangeDforget90AhandBbodyCeyeDbrain参考答案1B2D3B4C5A6D7B8C9A10D11B12A13D14C15A解析导语本文是说明文文章主要讲述两项新的研究为人类进化这个谜团增加了更深入的信息1考查形容词词义辨析句意一项研究报道了一个可能的人属额外成员Afaint虚弱无力的Bpotential可能的Croutine日常的Dfake假的根据上文Twonewstudiesaddfurtherpiecestothejigsawpuzzlethatishumanevolution可知这两项研究对人类进化有了进一步的了解所以应该是发现了可能的人属成员故选B2考查名词词义辨析句意另一个则阐明了中东地区三个人种杂交的可能性Asoil土壤Bair空气Cwater水Dlight光根据下文possibleinterbreedingbetweenthreehumanspeciesintheMiddleEast可知这一项研究是发现了中东地区三个人种杂交的可能性castlighton表示照亮阐明揭露的意思故选D3考查形容词词义辨析句意人属隆吉通过拉丁语从汉语进入英语的龙人不是一个新奇的发现而是一个对已经存在的重新解读Asecret秘密的Bnovel新奇的Crelative有关的Dreverse倒转的根据下文anexistingone可知这是已经存在的不是新奇的故选B4考查动词词义辨析句意这个头盖骨于1933年在哈尔滨被挖掘出来并保存在石家庄的河北地质大学Aheaded朝去Bhandled解决Cheld握住拥有Dhanded递送根据上文Thecranium头盖inquestionwasdugupinHarbinin1933可知这个头盖骨于1933年在哈尔滨被挖掘出来之后接下来要被保存下来故选C5考查副词词义辨析句意它14万6千岁了并且最初被认为是古代智人的标志Aoriginally最初Bindependently独立地Cunexpectedly意料之外地Dinevitably不可避免地根据下文ButNiXijunandJiQiangwhoworkattheuniversitydisagreeAstheyreportintheInnovationthecraniumwouldindeedhavecontainedabrainsimilarinsizetoamodernhumansbutthefossilistoolargetobesapiensandhasmolarsandeyesocketswhichdwarfthoseofpeopletoday可知后来有人对它质疑所以只是在最初的时候被人们认为是智人的标志故选A6考查名词词义辨析句意它缺少现代人类头盖骨的圆润Alaziness懒惰Bselfishness自私Ceffectiveness有效Droundness圆润根据上文DrNiandDrJialsorealisedthatitistoolongandlowtobesapiens可知倪博士和纪博士说它太长太低所以是不圆润故选D7考查名词词义辨析句意这对近代非洲起源理论的支持者们来说是个好消息这条理论认为当今活着的大部分非非洲人类都是少量移民的后裔那些移民是大约6万年前从非洲好望角进入亚洲的这意味着在此之前的任何非非洲人类化石很可能是另一个更早的离开了非洲的非智人的物种后裔Adirectors董事Bsupporters支持者Cinvestors投资者Dreminders提醒根据下文whichholdsthatmostnonAfricanhumanbeingsalivetodayaredescendantsofasmallnumberofmigrantswho8toAsiafromtheHornofAfricaabout60000yearsago可知这些人是近代非洲起源理论的支持者们故选B8考查动词词义辨析句意见第7题详解Atook带走Bleft离开Ccrossed横跨Dtoured旅行根据下文toAsiafromtheHornofAfrica可知这些人从非洲好望角到亚洲是横跨非亚大陆故选C9考查动词词义辨析句意通过把它和已知的古人类包括直立人佛罗勒斯人海德堡人和尼安德特人等相比倪博士和纪博士总结出它不是他们中的任何一种并且因此一定是新的科学所以值得它自己的名字Acomparing比较Bapplying申请Creferring提到Dpersisting坚持根据下文itwithknownarchaichumansincludingHomoerectusHomofloresiensisHomoheidelbergensisandHomoneanderthalensis可知是把这个头骨和已知的古人类相比较故选A10考查动词词义辨析句意见第9题详解Aexcluded排除Bincluded包括Cmentioned提到Dconcluded总结根据下文thatitwasnoneofthemandmustthereforebenewtoscienceandsoworthyofitsownname可知这是倪博士和纪博士在做了对比之后得出的结论故选D11考查动词词义辨析句意然而还有令一种可能性因为有一种现已灭绝的人类的头盖骨还没有被识别出来Aequipped装备Bidentified识别Cperfected使完美Dlaunched发射根据上文forthereisanowextincttypeofhumanofwhichnocraniumhasyetbeen可知这种人类现在已经灭绝所以他们的头盖骨仍然没有被识别出来故选B12考查名词词义辨析句意由于哈尔滨化石中的一颗臼齿与俄罗斯丹尼索瓦洞穴中一颗臼齿的大小和根部结构完全吻合丹尼索瓦人就是以丹尼索瓦洞的名字命名的也许正是这才使得倪博士和纪博士确定了第一个丹尼索瓦人头盖骨Astructure结构Brange区域Clead领导Dfill装满根据上文perfectlymatchesthesize可知这里是指它们的尺寸和根部结构故选A13考查介词短语辨析句意即使是最近非洲起源理论的支持者也承认此外还有更早的智人从东北非渗透到黎凡特地区Abycontrast作为对比Basaresult因此Cinreality实际上Dinaddition此外根据这句话的上下文意思可知下文anearlierleakageofHomosapiensfromnortheastAfricaintotheLevant是上文所提内容之外的另一条理论说法故选D14考查形容词词义辨析句意Hershkovitz博士和他的同事们一直在研究相关的古人化石那是从以色列的纳舍拉姆拉采集的12万至14万年前的古代化石Aopposite相反的Bcrucial关键的Crelevant相关的Dcompulsory强制的必修的根据下文antiquity120000l40000years可知他们在研究的是12万至14万年前的有关系的化石故选C15考查名词词义辨析句意这向他们表明它们是所有这三种人混合的产物Aproduct产品Bproperty财产Cprocedure过程Dprotein蛋白质根据下文ofmiscegenationbetweenallthree可知他们发现的是所有这三种人混合的产物故选A16C17C18B19B20D21A22D23A24B25A26C27B28D29C30D解析分析这是一篇说明文文章主要说明了网络喷子是指在网上聊天室社交网站或博客上发表侮辱性言论的人一些喷子的评论是无害的而另一些发表的评论伤害极大文章就NicolaBrookes的事件为例展开说明说明了网络喷子的出现的原因以及网络喷子不为自己言行负责的情况即将发生改变16考查动词词义辨析句意他们的目的不是参与讨论而是让人们心烦或生气Aentertain娱乐Blocate位于Cupset使心烦Dwelcome欢迎结合下文ormakethemangry可知是让人们心烦或生气故选C17考查形容词词义辨析句意有时这些评论是相当无害的Ainformative通知的Bconvincing令人信服的Charmless无害的Dunfair不公平的结合下文Howevermanytrollsarefarmoredangerousandpostcommentsthataredeeplyhurtful许多网络喷子要危险得多他们发表的评论伤害极大可知此处指这类评论是并无害的故选C18考查动词词义辨析句意一些访问该网站的人可能认为这个观点是真实的并开始争论Alaughing大笑Barguing争论Cproving证明Dapplauding赞同结合上文可知喷子说全球变暖是二流科学家虚构的有些人认为这个观点是真实的因此就会发生争论故选B19考查名词词义辨析句意Aanxiety焦虑Bsympathy同情Cdissatisfaction不满意Dhope希望结合上文In201145yearoldNicolaBrookesleftamessageofsupportforarealityTVcontestantonFacebook可知布鲁克斯对这名年轻男子表示支持和同情故选B20考查形容词词义辨析句意仅在24小时内就有100多条残酷的信息被发送出去Facebook上还以她的名字建立了一个虚假的页面Aappealing吸引人的Bcomplex复杂的Cfamous出名的Dfake假的结合上文MsBrookesleftamessageonhisFacebookpagesayingsimplyKeepyourchinupFrankietheyllmoveontosomeoneelsesoonTheydidmoveontosomeoneelseMsBrookeswithinminutes可知舆论被转到了Brookes女士那里别人以她的名字建立了一个虚假页面故选D21考查名词词义辨析句意2012年英超足球运动员法布里斯穆阿姆巴在一场比赛中倒地当时推特上出现了以他的不幸为乐并嘲笑他的种族主义信息Amisfortune不幸Bdistress危难Cfeeling感觉Dviolence暴力结合上文PremierLeaguefootballerFabriceMuambacollapsedonthefieldduringamatchin2012可知法布里斯穆阿姆巴在一场比赛中倒地别人以他的不幸为乐故选A22考查副词词义辨析句意谢天谢地Muamba完全康复了AOccasionally偶尔BStrangely奇怪地CGenerally通常DThankfully感谢地结合后文Muambamadeacompleterecovery可知Muamba完全康复了真是谢天谢地故选D23考查连词辨析句意那么为什么这些喷子发布的信息会造成如此大的痛苦呢结合下文Theybehavebadlyonlinebecausetheyfeel可知此处为说明原因引导原因状语从句故选A24考查动词词义辨析句意他们中的一些人是悲伤的有自己的问题的孤独的人他们享受他们的帖子所吸引的注意力Afear害怕Benjoy享受Chold握住Dgive给予结合上文Someofthemaresadlonelypeoplewiththeirownproblems可知这些喷子中一些人是悲伤的有自己的问题的孤独的人他们借助发帖来享受他人的注意力故选B25考查动词短语辨析句意他们在网上表现很差因为他们觉得自己从礼貌和体贴的正常行为中解放出来了Aliberatedfrom解放Bcuriousabout好奇Csatisfiedwith满足Ddependenton依靠结合下文Theyareinavirtualworldanddonothavetofacetheirvictims可知因为他们在一个虚拟世界里不必面对他们的受害者他们觉得自己从礼貌和体贴的正常行为中解放出来了故选A26考查介词短语辨析句意他们会说一些他们不敢当面说的话Aforsure确实Bonstage在台上Cinperson当面Dwithconfidence自信地结合上文Theyareinavirtualworldanddonothavetofacetheirvictims可知他们身处虚拟世界不必面对受害者因此他们能说一些不敢当面说的话故选C27考查动词词义辨析句意最后喷子们相信他们可以保持默默无闻没有人会发现他们是谁Awonder好奇Bdiscover发现Csay说Dremember记住结合上文trollsbelievethattheycanremainunknownandthatnoonewillever可知喷子们相信他们可以保持默默无闻因此没有人会发现他们是谁故选B28考查动词词义辨析句意然而这种情况即将改变Areturn返回Bhappen发生Ccollapse倒塌Dchange改变结合后文SoshecontactedlawyersandbeganlegalactiontoforceFacebooktodisclosetheidentitiesofthetrollswhohadbeentormentingher可知NicolaBrookes采取了反击因此喷子们在网络上不为自己言行负责的情况即将改变故选D29考查动词词义辨析句意她打赢了官司可以自由地对那些折磨她的人提起私人诉讼Alost失去Bfiled申请Cwon赢得Dforgot忘记结合后文isfreetopursueprivateprosecutionsagainstthoseresponsiblefortormentingher可知她打赢了官司故选C30考查名词词义辨析句意随着网络喷子面临曝光和未来可能的起诉希望他们在发布侮辱性信息前三思Acompetition竞争Bwealth财富Cembarrassment尴尬Dexposure曝光结合上文NicolaBrookes打赢了官司将那些攻击她的人曝光因此将来网络喷子也将面临着曝光和被起诉的可能故选D31C32B33B34A35D36C37A38D39B40C41A42D43D44B45C解析分析本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了公司采用混合工作方式的好处31考查名词词义辨析句意在大多数情况下这意味着一些员工在办公室工作一些员工在工作场所之外工作要么在家要么从另一个地方远程工作还有一些员工可以根据任务截止日期和个人需求在办公室和远程工作之间灵活切换Aoffice办公室Benterprise企业Chome家Ddepartment部门根据someemployeesworkingoffsite和orremotelyfromanotherlocation可知在工作场所之外工作包括在家工作或从另一个地方远程工作故选C32考查动词短语词义辨析句意在大多数情况下这意味着一些员工在办公室工作一些员工在工作场所之外工作要么在家要么从另一个地方远程工作还有一些员工可以根据任务截止日期和个人需求在办公室和远程工作之间灵活切换Asucceedingin成功Bdependingon依靠取决于Ctakingon承担Dsettingaside留出根据tasksdeadlinesandpersonalneeds可知是在办公室办公还是远程办公取决于任务截止日期和个人需求故选B33考查动词词义辨析句意当企业采用严重依赖远程优先方法的混合工作模式时位置的整个概念就被移除了Adeveloped发展Bremoved消除Cdefined定义Dgrasped抓住根据Whenbusinessesadopthybridworkmodelswhichrelyheavilyonaremotefirstapproach可知企业采取混合工作模式时位置的概念会被移除故选B34考查副词词义辨析句意通过使用云解决方案视频会议技术和类似的工具连接到工作场所员工不需要亲自到工作场所来完成他们的工作尽管如果他们愿意的话他们可以出现在工作场所或者在面对面交流更适合的场合Aphysically身体上地Bvisually视觉上地Cinstantly立即地Dproperly适当地根据Byconnectingtotheworkplaceusingcloudsolutionsvideoconferencingtechnologyandsimilartools可知员工不需要亲自到工作场所就可以完成他们的工作故选A35考查名词和形容词词义辨析句意通过使用云解决方案视频会议技术和类似的工具连接到工作场所员工不需要亲自到工作场所来完成他们的工作尽管如果他们愿意的话他们可以出现在工作场所或者在面对面交流更适合的场合Abusiness商业Bregular定期的Ceffective有效的Dfacetoface面对面的根据althoughtheycanbeiftheyprefertobe可知员工们根据需要也可以面对面地交流故选D36考查介词短语词义辨析句意例如当坏天气可能使人们无法进入办公室时他们仍然可以在家工作AInbrief简言之BAboveall首先CForinstance例如DInparticular特别根据Thiscanofferanumberofbenefitsforbothemployeesandemployers可知这里举例介绍混合的工作方式的好处故选C37考查动词词义辨析句意同样如果发生重大事件需要避开工作场所就像COVID19大流行那样对工作场所的干扰也将最小Aavoid避免Bclean打扫Cattend参加Dreserve保留根据aswasthecasewiththeCOVID19pandemic可知像COVID19大流行需要员工避开聚集的工作场所故选A38考查形容词词义辨析句意同样如果发生重大事件需要避开工作场所就像COVID19大流行那样对工作场所的干扰也将最小Aconsiderable重要的Bcontinuous连续不断的Cunnecessary不必要的Dminimal最小的根据ifmajoreventsmakeitnecessaryto7theworkplace可知避开工作场所可以将对工作场所的干扰降到最小故选D39考查名词词义辨析句意此外消除地域障碍在招生方面具有极大的优势使雇主能够接触到更广泛的人才库更容易找到合格的候选人并建立更加多样化和包容性的劳动力队伍Ajudgement判断Benrollment登记招收Cprocedure程序Dmanagement管理根据allowingemployerstogainaccesstoawidertalentpoolmakingiteasiertofindqualifiedcandidatesandbuildamorediverseandinclusiveworkforce可知企业采取混合工作模式会消除地域障碍从而可以招收到更优秀的人才故选B40考查形容词词义辨析句意灵活的工作安排现在是求职者最追求的福利之一采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时处于更有利的地位Aformal正式的Bwise明智的Cflexible灵活的Dcomplex复杂的根据Anothermajorbenefitassociatedwithflexibleworkschedulesandthehybridworkmodelistheabilitytomakeabusinessmore12可知求职者更喜欢灵活的工作安排故选C41考查动词短语词义辨析句意灵活的工作安排现在是求职者最追求的福利之一采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时处于更有利的地位Acompetefor为争夺Bputup建造Cvotefor投票赞成Dcombout移出清除根据With10workarrangementsnowamongthetopbenefitssoughtafterbyjobseekers可知灵活的工作安排让采用混合模式的公司在竞争优秀候选人时更有优势故选A42考查形容词词义辨析句意另一个与弹性工作时间和混合工作模式相关的主要好处是能够使业务更可持续Afastgrowing迅速增涨Bprofitable有益的Ccompetitive竞争的Dsustainable可持续的根据Thisisimportantbecauseresearchsuggeststhatemployeesaremorelikelytotakeajobandstayinajobwithcompaniesthathaveastrongenvironmentalagenda可知员工希望通过弹性工作时间和混合工作模式使得业务更可持续性故选D43考查副词词义辨析句意此外64的年轻人表示他们不会接受没有社会责任承诺的公司的工作APsychologically精神上地BOriginally起初CEventually最终DAdditionally另外根据Thisisimportantbecauseresearchsuggeststhatemployeesaremorelikelytotakeajobandstayinajobwithcompaniesthathaveastrongenvironmentalagenda可知这里表示更进一步年轻人不喜欢没有社会责任承诺的公司故选D44考查名词词义辨析句意混合工作模式对环境造成的最重要的影响是员工之间的出差量大大减少Awork工作Btravel旅行Cresearch研究Dcooperation合作根据TheeffectsofthisareespeciallysignificantwhentheresalongdistancebetweenhomeandworkwhichrequiresemployeestousetheirowncarsFewerpeoplecomingintotheofficeisalsolikelytoreducethecarbonfootprintassociatedwiththeofficeitself可知混合工作模式减少了员工的来回奔波故选B45考查形容词词义辨析句意所有这些都可以帮助提高公司的绿色证书并有助于在求职者和客户眼中把公司定位为一个有远见的公司Amultinational多国的Bworldfamous世界闻名的Cforwardthinking前瞻性的有远见的Dpeaceloving爱好和平的根据Allofthiscancombinetohelpimproveacompanysgreencertificate可知公司的绿色证书会有助于求职者和客户眼中把公司定位为一个有远见的公司故选C46A47D48B49C50A51C52C53D54B55A56D57B58A59C60B解析分析本文是一篇说明文研究人员发现一个简单的方法可以缓解因道路被晒伤而加剧的城市热岛效应把街道涂成灰色46考查动词词义辨析句意亚利桑那州立大学的一项研究发现在黑色沥青上涂上一种反光的灰色材料会导致平均路面温度下降105到12华氏度Aapplying涂应用申请Bsticking刺入粘住Capproaching接近Dcontributing捐献固定搭配applyto把涂到上故选A47考查动词词义辨析句意与此同时日出时的温度平均下降了24度Aoccurred发生Bproved证明Cturned使变成Dsaw目睹看见此处指目睹了温度的下降故选D48考查副词词义辨析句意在一个气温不断上升的世界里看到一项有潜力满足日益增长的沙漠城市的需求的技术是令人兴奋的Aefficiently高效地Bconstantly持续不断地Ctechnically技术上Dspecifically专门地根据下文ExpertssayroadtemperaturesinthePhoenixareacanriseto180degreesonahotday可知此处指温度持续不断地上升故选B49考查动词词义辨析句意被吸收的能量会在铺好的地面上停留数小时将热量辐射回夜间的空气中Agenerated产生引发Bheated加热Cabsorbed吸收Dcalculated计算估计根据下文remainsinpavedsurfacesforhoursradiatingheatbackintonighttimeair可知此处指被吸收的能量故选C50考查名词词义辨析句意夜间较高的温度会导致早晨更温暖从而形成城市热岛效应的循环Acycle循环Bdecline减少衰退Csample样品Dvariety种类根据上文Higherovernighttemperaturesresultinwarmermornings可知形成城市热岛效应的循环故选A51考查名词词义辨析句意研究人员还发现最大的温差发生在靠近路面的地方距离地面6英尺的地方温差较小Abalance平衡Bcontrol控制Cdifference区分不同Dequality平等根据下文neartheroadsurfacewithlessdramaticresults6feetabovetheground可知此处指最大温差故选C52考查形容词词义辨析句意即便如此那些街道反光的社区的空气温度要比那些街道是黑漆漆的社区低03至05度Agraypainted灰漆Blightcolored颜色浅的Cblacktopped漆黑的Ddrysurfaced表面干的根据空前theneighborhoodswithstreetsreflectinglightexperiencedairtemperatures03to05degreecoolercomparedwithneighborhoods可知此处是与黑漆漆社区温度的比较也就是指黑色吸热故选C53考查动词词义辨析句意研究人员表示最有意义的测量是辐射温度这是一种测量人体如何感受到热量的方法Areflects反射Btransmits播送Cresists抵制Dexperiences体验根据下文humanexperienceofheat可知此处指人体感受热量的方法故选D54考查名词词义辨析句意这些测量结果表明由于地表反射率人类在中午和下午几个小时暴露在高温下的体验更高Aextent程度范围Bexposure暴露接触Cabsorption吸收吸纳Dendurance持久力根据下文atnoonandtheafternoonhourswashigherduetosurfacereflectivity可知此处指暴露在高温下的体验故选B55考查动词词义辨析句意有人指出感觉温度的增加可能是使用反射表面来降低表面温度的一种必要的权衡Afelt感觉Bheated加热Cstored储存Dneeded需要根据下文maybeanecessarytradeoff妥协toreducesurfacetemperaturesusingareflectivesurface可知此处指对温度增加的感觉故选A56考查形容词词义辨析句意交通部发言人希瑟墨菲HeatherMurphy说使用这种材料的社区的司机和居民对此反应不一Ainstant立刻的Ballsided全面的Cobjective客观的Dmixed复杂的混合的根据下文fromdriversandresidentsinneighborhoodswherethematerialisapplied可知此处指司机和居民对此反应不一故选D57考查形容词词义辨析句意我们有一些人不喜欢它的外观但总的来说反应是非常积极的Aoptimistic乐观的Bpositive积极的Cpessimistic悲观的Dobvious明显的根据上文的Wehavehadsomepeoplewhodontlikethelookofitbut可知句中的but表示转折说明反应是积极的故选B58考查短语辨析句意如果你在炎热的天气站在这些表面上事实上如果你不在阴凉处你仍然会觉得热Ainfact事实上Basaresult结果Contheotherhand另一方面Dforonething首先一方面根据空后yourestillgoingtobehotifyourenotintheshade可知此处指的是事实故选A59考查动词短语辨析句意所以如果我们真的想要推动真正的解决方案它不会只是把所有的街道涂成灰色Aputdown放下记下Bholdup举起阻挡Cpushtoward推进Dtakeback收回根据下文truesolutionsitsnotgoingtobejustpaintingallthestreetsgray可知此处指推进解决方案故选C60考查名词词义辨析句意研究的第二阶段将考察材料在不同条件下的性能包括反射率降解和地下温度在较长时间内的变化Avariations变奏曲Bconditions条件状况Ccirculations流通循环Dinvestigations调查根据下文includingchangesinreflectivitydegradationandsubsurfacetemperatureoverlongerperiods可知此处指在不同的条件下故选B61D62B63B64A65A66C67D68B69D70C71C72A73B74D75C解析分析这是一篇说明文主要介绍了高脂肪饮食会加速脱发并解释了原因61考查动词短语辨析句意但是日本东京医学和牙科大学TMDU研究人员的一项新研究发现高脂肪饮食也会加速脱发Afitinwith配合Bmakeupfor弥补Ccopewith应付Dspeedup加速根据后文Highfatdietfeedingmakeshair7fasterbyreducingHFSCs可知高脂肪饮食会减少毛囊干细胞加速脱发故选D项62考查动词词义辨析句意在普通健康成年人中毛囊干细胞HFSCs定期更新自己这就是为什么你剪头发时头发又长了回来也就是为什么头发变长了Acure治愈Brenew更新Cidentify识别Dprotect保护根据后文whichiswhyyourhairgrowsbackwhenyoucutitandalsowhyitbecomeslonger可知普通的健康成年人的头发剪掉了会再长即毛囊干细胞会定期更新故选B项63考查名词词义辨析句意然而与人体内的大多数事物一样衰老对HSFC没有任何帮助Aharm伤害Bfavours支持特别照顾Cjustice正义Dcorrections纠正根据后文Asyougetolderthestemcellslosetheirabilitytoreproduceas4astheyoncedidleavingthehairtothinandorfallout可知衰老对于干细胞没有帮助dosbfavours表示帮助某人故选B项64考查副词词义辨析句意随着年龄的增长干细胞失去了像以前一样高效繁殖的能力导致头发变薄和或者脱落Aefficiently有效地Bconstructively建设性地Cgenerously慷慨地Dfundamentally根本地根据后文leavingthehairtothinandorfallout可知随着年龄的增长头发变薄和或者脱落毛囊干细胞失去了曾经有效繁殖的能力故选A项65考查介词短语辨析句意在TMDU干细胞生物学系进行的研究中被给予高脂肪饮食HFD的小鼠更容易产生身体炎症继而阻碍毛囊再生导致脱发Ainturn继而Bbycontrast相比之下Cforinstance例如Dasusual像往常一样根据上文micethathadbeengivenahighfatdietHFDweremoresubjecttoinflammatory炎症的responsesinthebody可知被给予高脂肪饮食的小鼠会产生炎症继而阻碍毛囊再生导致脱发故选A项66考查名词词义辨析句意令人惊讶的是在高脂肪饮食的短短四天内毛囊的恶化可能会发生而老年老鼠的问题似乎更严重Aparticipating参与Bpersevering坚持Cworsening恶化Ddocumenting记录根据上文micethathadbeengivenahighfatdietHFDweremoresubjecttoinflammatory炎症的responsesinthebodywhich5blockedfollicleregenerationleadingtohairloss可知小鼠产生炎症继而阻碍毛囊再生导致脱发此处表示这种恶化可能会在短短的四天内发生故选C项67考查动词词义辨析句意该研究的主要作者HironobuMorinaga解释说高脂肪饮食喂养通过减少毛囊干细胞尤其是在老年鼠中使头发变薄的速度加快Adying死亡Bgrowing成长Ccleaning清洁Dthinning使稀薄根据上文blockedfollicleregenerationleadingtohairloss可知高脂肪饮食会使小鼠的毛发变少更快变得稀薄故选D项68考查动词词义辨析句意我们比较了HFD喂养的小鼠和标准饮食喂养的小鼠之间毛囊干细胞的基因表达并追踪了这些毛囊干细胞被激活后的命运Aaltered改变Btraced追踪Csuspected怀疑Dstimulated刺激根据语境此处表示的是研究人员们对于不同喂养方式下老鼠的毛囊干细胞基因进行比较并且追踪故选B项69考查名词词义辨析句意正如专门研究皮肤的AliaAhmed博士所解释的不仅仅是食物中的脂肪含量会损害你的头发因为你吃的东西会真正影响你头发的生长甚至影响男人是否会保有头发Aprotein蛋白质Bvitamin维生素Csugar糖Dfat脂肪根据上文havingafatheavydietcanalso1hairloss可知高脂肪饮食会导致头发减少此处表示除了食物中脂肪含量会损害头发之外还有其他因素也会有影响故选D项70考查形容词词义辨析句意Ahmed博士补充说营养短缺往往是许多头发问题的根本原因ASleep睡眠BWater水CNutritional营养的DWidespread广泛分布的根据后文IronvitaminAvitaminDvitaminEetctherearesomanynutrientsinvolvedinhair11可知营养短缺会导致头发疾病所以营养短缺往往是许多头发问题的根本原因故选C项71考查名词词义辨析句意她说铁维生素A维生素D维生素E等头发疾病涉及到太多营养素Aproducts产品Bsamples样品Cdisorders疾病Dcells细胞根据上文10shortagesareoftentherootcauseofmanyhairproblems可知营养短缺是许多头发问题的根本原因即头发疾病涉及到太多营养素故选C项72考查动词短语辨析句意例如如果你喜欢吃甜食你可能需要考虑放下那些甜食Aputtingdown放下Bmessingup搞乱Cfiguringout弄清楚Dturningover翻身根据后文Notonlyissugarbadforyourhairbutitcancauseyourbloodsugarlevelstorisedramatically可知甜食对你的头发和血糖有坏处所以你可能需要考虑放下甜食故选A项73考查名词词义辨析句意糖不仅对你的头发有害而且会导致血糖水平升高而男性的血糖升高会导致雄激素水平升高导致毛囊损伤和潜在的脱发Arecreation娱乐Bdamage损坏Creplacement更换Ddisappearance失踪根据上文micethathadbeengivenahighfatdietHFDweremoresubjecttoinflammatory炎症的responsesinthebodywhich5blockedfollicleregenerationleadingtohairloss可知高脂肪饮食的小鼠会产生炎症阻止毛囊再生推测男性多吃糖会导致血糖升高雄激素水平升高导致毛囊损伤故选B项74考查名词词义辨析句意但用人工甜味剂代替糖是错误的不要这么做Ause使用Bprospect前景Cdifference差异Dmistake错误根据后文theUnitedStatesFoodandDrugAdministrationFDAhaslistedhairthinningandhairlossasoneofthemainsideeffectsof15ofaspartame可知人工甜味剂过量摄入会导致副作用用人工甜味剂代替糖是错误的故选D项75考查名词词义辨析句意美国食品和药物管理局FDA在对阿斯巴甜的分析中将头发稀疏和脱发列入阿斯巴甜摄入过量的主要副作用之一Adisrespect不尊重Bundervaluation低估Coverconsumption过度消费Dmisunderstanding误解根据上文Butdontmakethe14ofsubstitutingsugarforartificialsweeteners可推测人工甜味剂摄入过量会导致副作用推测此处表示过量摄入故选C项76A77D78B79D80A81C82C83B84B85A86D87C88A89B90D解析分析这是一篇说明文通过记忆冠军超强的记忆介绍了记忆术卡片的记忆宫殿76考查形容词词义辨析句意这使得记忆冠军们他们能记住数百个名字和面孔随机串的数字或单词或多副扑克牌的顺序看起来比以往任何时候都更像超人Asuperhuman超人的Bdifficult困难的Cincredible难以置信的Dmeaningless毫无意义的根据Whichmakesthefeatsofmemorychampionswhocanrecallhundredsofnamesandfacesrandomstringsofnumbersorwordsortheorderofmultipledecksofcards可知这时候记忆冠军们似乎比以往任何时候都更像超人故选A项77考查名词词义辨析句意但关于记忆力非凡的人有一个小秘密Aworry担忧Brumour谣言Cpanic慌张Dsecret秘密秘诀根据donthaveunusuallylargecerebralregionsthatallowthemtoabsorbandsavehugeamountsofinformation可知是发现了这个小秘密故选D项78考查名词词义辨析句意研究人员发现超级记忆者并没有让他们吸收和保存大量信息的异常大的大脑区域Aresearchers研究人员Bmemorizers记忆者Cheroes英雄Dgeniuses天才根据下文thatallowthemtoabsorbandsavehugeamountsofinformation这里的them指的是记忆者故选B项79考查副词词义辨析句意他们的大脑结构基本上和我们的一样Aimpersonally与个人无关地Beffortlessly不费力地Cfeasibly可行地Dessentially本质上本来根据thesameastherestofours可知此处指大脑构造本质上和我们是一样故选D项80考查名词词义辨析句意科学家们发现只有一个区别Adifference区别Bmystery谜底Ccondition条件Ddirection方向根据上文thesameas和本句foundonlyone可知是指只发现一个不同点故选A项81考查形容词词义辨析句意在冠军的大脑与视觉和空间学习相关的区域与记忆有关的区域在一个特定的模式变快了Adistance距离Baction行动Cvisual视觉Daudio音频根据第7小题后的句子Becausewelearnbyseeing可知是通过看通过视觉学习故选C项82考查形容词词义辨析句意为什么这很重要Adefinite确切的Bpossible可能的Cimportant重要的Ddemanding要求高的费力的根据下一句andthemoreweseethebetterwerememberthings可知此处是指它的重要性故选C项83考查名词词义辨析句意这些记忆冠军们已经完善了一种方法把他们想要记住的东西数字面孔卡片甚至抽象的形状转换成他们脑海中看到的画面Aevents事件Bpictures图片Cfilms电影Dsamples样本根据theyseeintheirminds可知在脑海里看的是图片故选B项84考查短语词义辨析句意例如为了记住卡片的顺序埃德库克世界记忆体育理事会公认的记忆大师告诉作者蒂姆费里斯他给每张卡片分配一个名人一个动作和一个物体AInaddition此外BForinstance例如比如CByallmeans务必无论如何DOnthewhole大体上总之根据下文例举了EdCooke的例子可知这里是例如故选B项85考查形容词词义辨析句意是的这听起来很奇怪但库克的系统是建立在你的记忆力比普通的线索更能抓住不寻常线索的基础上的Aunusual不同寻常的Bsimilar相似的Crelated有关系的Dunclear不清楚的根据betterthancommonones可知这里用unusual故选A项86考查形容词词义辨析句意然后在内心里你会把照片放在你熟悉的某个地方Aopposite对立的Bdevoted献身的Cclose靠近的Dfamiliar熟悉的根据inyourhouseoratsomepointalongyourcommute可知某个地方应该是指你熟悉的地方故选D项87考查名词词义辨析句意最后编一个关于项目的故事这将帮助你以正确的顺序连接它们Aposition位置Bimage图像Corder顺序Dframe框架根据上文eachthreecardcombinationthenformsauniqueimagewiththecelebrityfromthefirstcardtheactionfromthesecondandtheobjectfromthethird可知故事是有顺序排列的故选C项88考查名词词义辨析句意许多参加世界记忆锦标赛的选手称自己为智力运动员这并非偶然Aaccident意外事故Bgood好处Cambition野心Ddefence防御根据SoundlikealotofworkIndeeditis可知要有非凡的记忆确实有很多工作所以参加世界记忆锦标赛的选手称自己为智力运动员就不是意外的故选A项89考查动词词义辨析句意就像运动员一样他们通过训练来完善自己的技能Awish希望Btrain训练Carrange安排Dforget忘记根据下一句ThatsaidtheNeuronstudyalsoreportsthatresearcherstaughtagroupofuniversitystudentsthememorypalacetechniquethroughdailyhalfhourlessons可知他们也要训练故选B项90考查名词词义辨析句意仅仅六周后学生们的大脑扫描结果就更像记忆冠军们的大脑扫描结果Ahand手Bbody身体Ceye眼睛Dbrain大脑根据scans和thoseofthememorychampions可知这里指的是大脑故选D项