2013年四级部分真题

2013年12月四级真题（筛选） 一、选词填空 Section A　　To get a sense of how women have progressed in science , take aquick tour of the physics department at the University of California, Berkeley.This is a storied place, the 36  of some of the most importantdiscoveries in modern science-starting with Ernest Lawrence's invention of thecyclotron(回旋加速器)in 1931. 　　A generationago, female faces were 37 and, even today, visitors walkingthrough the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits 38 themany distinguished physicists who made history here, 39 all ofthere white males. 　　But climb up to the third floor and you'll see a 40 display.There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, are portraitsof the 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro and four other womenwhose research 42 everything from the mechanics of the universe to thesmallest particles of matter. A sixth woman was hired just two weeks ago.Although they're still only about 10 percent of the physics faculty, women areclearly a presence here.　　And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right:graduate and undergraduate students,about 20 percent of them female. Every years Berkeley sends its fresh femalephysics PhDs to the country's top universities. That makes Shapiro optimistic,but also 44. "I believethings are getting better "she says. "but they're not getting better as 45 as I would like.“ 　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答 　　A)circumstance　　B)confidence　　C)covers　　D)current　　E)deals　　F)different　　G)exposing　　H)fast　　I)honoring　　J)hope　　K)presently　　L)rare　　M)realistic　　N)site　　O)virtually　　This is a storied place, the 36  of some of the mostimportant discoveries in modern science-starting with Ernest Lawrence'sinvention of the cyclotron(回旋加速器)in 1931. 　　36. n: A. circumstance B. confidence 　　E. deals J. hope　　N. site　　答案：N　　A generation ago, female faces were 37 and,even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see afull corridor of exhibits 38 the many distinguished physicistswho made history here, 39 all of there white males. 　　37. adj.: D. current F. different H. fast 　　L. rare M. realistic 　　答案：L　　38. v.ing: G. exposing I. honoring　　答案：I　　39. adv: K. presently O. virtually　　答案：O　　There, among the photos of current faculty members and students, areportraits of the 41 head of the department, Marjorie Shapiro and fourother women whose research 42everything from the mechanics of theuniverse to the smallest particles of matter. 　　41. adj.: D. current F. different H. fast 　　L. rare M. realistic　　42. v.: C. covers E. deals J. hope 　　答案：C　　And the real 43 may be in the smaller photos to the right:graduate and undergraduate students,about 20 percent of them female. …That makes Shapiro optimistic, but also 44. 　　43. n: A. circumstance B. confidence E. deals 　　J. Hope　　　　 N. site　　44. adj.: D. current F. different H. fast 　　L. rare M. realistic 　　"I believe things are getting better"she says. "but they're notgetting better as 45as I would like.“ 　　45. adj.: D. current F. different H. fast 　　L. rare　 M. realistic 　　答案：H　　Section B 　　Is College a Worthy Investment? 　　【点评】　　本文主要针对大学教育是否是一项值得投资的话题进行深入探讨和分析，文章标题Is College a Worthy Investment?已经很明显地暗示了文章的主旨大意内容，考生做题时应多关注标题，这是很重要的解题线索。　　本文选自Newsweek《新闻周刊》，该话题是考生比较熟悉的教育问题，大学教育是否值得投资，文中指出大学高等教育不是人们获得成功的唯一途径，人们应该选择适合自己的道路，即使上了大学也不一定能找到好工作，同时也指出目前市场和企业需求的变化，人们应该理性选择，提高觉悟，做出正确的选择。　　文章本身话题和语言难度并不高，大多考查事实细节，考生应掌握一定的同义转换技能。 二、段落匹配 A) Why are we spending so much money oncollege? And why are we so unhappy about it. We all seem to agree that acollege education is wonderful, and yet strangely we worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedlyessential good. Maybe it’s time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious(大不敬的）；is allthis investment in college education really worth it? 　　B)The answer, I fear, is no. For anincreasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent pursuing a collegediploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot oncampus.　　C)For my entire adult life, a goodeducation has been the most important thing for middle-class households. Myparents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their bouse,and they’re not the only ones… and, ofcourse, for an increasing number of families , most of the cost oftheir house is actually the cost oftheir house is actually the cost of living in a good school district.Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning thevalue of happiness ,or fan.　　D)The average price of all goods andservices has risen about 50 percent. Butthe price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is theeducation that today’s students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice assmart? Have they become somebodymassively more expensive to educate?　　E)Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder , an OhioUniversity economics professor , says, “I look at the data,and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by Ipercent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation.What has happened ? The federal government has started dropping money out ofairplanes,”Aid has increased ,subsidized (补贴的）loans have becomeavailable, and “the universities have gotten the money,” EconomistBryan Caplan , who is writing a book about education, agrees. “ It is agiant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.” 　　F) Promotional literature for colleges andstudent loans often speaks of debt as an “investment inyourself.” But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off theloans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that donot require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by householdshas more than quintupled since 1999. These graduates were told that a diplomawas all they needed to succeed, but it won’t even get them outof the spare bedroom at Mom and Dad’s. For many, themost tangible result of their four years is the loan payments, which nowaverage hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of thousands.　　G)It’s true about themoney—sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more than people whohave only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise estimates, thewage premium for an elite school seems to be even higher. But that’s not trueof every student. It’s very easy to spend four years majoring in English literature andbeer pong and come out no more employable than you were before you went in.Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make triple orquadruple the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.　　H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize–winningeconomist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individualswith different backgrounds and levels of ability. “Even withthese high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright andmotivated,” he says. On the other hand, “if you’re notcollege ready, then the answer is no, it’s not worth it.” Expertstend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today,but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and moreof the potential return. For borderline students, tuition hikes can push thosereturns into negative territory.　　I）Everyone seems toagree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest inhigher education—and that employers need to rethink the increasing use of collegedegrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don’t reallyrequire college skills. “Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to filljobs are just tacking on that requirement,” says Vedder. “De facto, acollege degree becomes a job requirement for becoming a bartender.”　　J） We have started tosee some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 allows many studentsto cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives anybalance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn’t control the costof education; it just shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates tochoose lower-paying careers, which diminishes the financial return to educationstill further. “You’re subsidizing people to become priests and poets and so forth,” saysHeckman. “You may think that’s a good thing, or you may not.” Either way it willbe expensive for the government. 　　K）What might be a lotcheaper is putting more kids to work: not necessarily as burger flippers but aspart of an educational effort. Caplan notes that work also builds valuableskills—probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturallylove sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: “People aredifferent, and those abilities can be shaped. That’s what we’ve learned,and public policy should recognize that.”　　L） Heckman would liketo see more apprenticeship-style programs, where kids can learn in theworkplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of “soft skills,” likegetting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial forcareer success. “It’s about having mentors and having workplace-based education,” he says. “Time andagain I’ve seen examples of this kind of program working.”　　M）Ah, but how do weget there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but also by makingbetter individual decisions. “Historically markets have been able to handle these things,” saysVedder, “and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If it doesn’t improvesoon, people are going to wake up and ask, ‘Why am I going tocollege?’?” 　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。 　　46.Caplan suggests that kids who don’t loveschool go to work.　　K）What might be a lotcheaper is putting more kids to work: not necessarily as burger flippers but aspart of an educational effort. Caplan notes that work also builds valuableskills—probably more valuable for kids who don’t naturallylove sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: “People aredifferent, and those abilities can be shaped. That’s what we’ve learned,and public policy should recognize that.” 　　47.An increasing number of families spendmore money on houses in a good school district.　　C) For my entire adult life, a goodeducation has been the most important thing for middle-class households. Myparents spent more educating my sister and me than they spent on their house, andthey’re not the only ones… and, ofcourse, for an increasing number of families , most of the cost oftheir house is actually the cost oftheir house is actually the cost of living in a good school district.Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning thevalue of happiness ,or fan. 　　48.Subsidized loans to college students area huge waste of money, according to oneeconomist.　　E) Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder , an OhioUniversity economics professor , says, “I look at the data,and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by Ipercent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation.What has happened ? The federal government has started dropping money out ofairplanes,”Aid has increased ,subsidized (补贴的）loans have becomeavailable, and “the universities have gotten the money,” EconomistBryan Caplan , who is writing a book about education, agrees. “ It is agiant waste of resources that will continue as long as the subsidies continue.”　　49.More and more kids find they fare worsewith a college diploma.　　B) The answer, I fear, is no. For anincreasing number of kids, the extra time and money spent pursuing a collegediploma will leave them worse off than they were before they set foot oncampus. 　　50.For those who are not prepared forhigher education, going to college is not worth it .　　H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize–winningeconomist, has examined how the returns on education break down for individualswith different backgrounds and levels of ability. “Even withthese high prices, you’re still finding a high return for individuals who are bright andmotivated,” he says. On the other hand, “if you’re notcollege ready, then the answer is no, it’s not worth it.” Expertstend to agree that for the average student, college is still worth it today,but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating up more and moreof the potential return. For borderline students, tuition hikes can push thosereturns into negative territory. 　　51.Over the years the cost of a collegeeducation has increased almost by 100%.　　D) The average price of all goods andservices has risen about 50 percent. Butthe price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is theeducation that today’s students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice assmart? Have they become somebodymassively more expensive to educate? 　　52.A law passed recently allows manystudents to pay no more than one tenth of their income for their college loans.　　J） We have sta