2018年高考英语真题试卷（全国卷Ⅰ）(教师版).docx

2018年高考英语真题试卷（全国卷Ⅰ） 一、阅读理解（共5题；共35分） 1.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C     Duration: 3 hours     This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability - and the cherry blossoms - disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour     Duration: 3 hours (4 miles)     Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.     Duration: 3 hour     Morning or Afternoon this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledge guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents. Congress, memories, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route（路线） make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour     Duration: 3 hour (7 miles)     Join a small group hike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All rides are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. （1）Which tour do you need to book in advance?      A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C .B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C .D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. （2）What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?  A.Meet famous people.B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums.D.Enjoy interesting stories. （3）Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?   A.City maps.B.CamerasC.Meals.D.Safety lights.21. 【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）D 【考点】细节理解题，时文广告类 【解析】【分析】本文介绍了华盛顿区的4种自行车旅行。 ⑴A  细节理解题 根据第一种自行车旅行介绍倒数第5行的Reserve your spot before availability reserve即book预定的意思。可知答案为A。 ⑵D  细节理解题  根据第三种bicycle tour介绍的第二句Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents 可知答案为D。 ⑶D  细节理解。最后一段最后两句all riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights可知晚上的骑行人员配备有反光背心和安全灯，故答案为D。 【点评】本文属于应用文阅读，此类文章重在考查对细节信息的查找和分析，答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息，与选项进行比对，答案就显而易见了。 2.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 B     Good Morning Britain's Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role-showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.     In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under £5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she's been able to put a lot of what she's learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.     "We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we're not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves."     The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV's Save Money: Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.     With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight's Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family's long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. （1）What do we know about Susanna Reid? A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning. D.She has had a tight budget for her family. （2）How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her. （3）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion. （4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect ChefD.Cooking Well for Less 【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）C（4）D 【考点】主旨大意题，细节理解题，新闻报道类 【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道类文章，介绍一档有Susanna Reid主持的烹饪节目，教观众如何用有限的预算做出即美味又有营养的饭菜。 ⑴B  细节理解题。 根据第1段…but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role －showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.她煮一手好菜－向各个家庭展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备既好吃又营养的饭菜。还有第二段说出了这个电视节目的名字Save Money:Good food.可知她已经开始了一个新的节目，故答案为B。 ⑵C  细节理解题。根据第2段第一句…with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt …可知这个厨师向她提供如何减少食物浪费以及用很少的钱准备食谱。故答案为C, 他在烹饪的事情上帮助她。 ⑶C  细节理解题。本段讲述 ITV的电视节目Save Money: Good Health向观众提供如何从市场上种类繁多的健康产品中获得价值，而Save Money:Good food是步Save Money: Good Health的后尘，所以这一段作者是想要增加一些Save Money:Good food的背景信息，故答案为C。​（4）D  主旨大意。标题的特点之一是具有概括性。由文章首段showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget,第2段with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt …，整个文章最后一句…with less expensive but still tasty recipes.及新电视节目的名称Save Money: Good food可知应选D。 【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一句话就是对整篇文章的高度概括，阅读时要善于捕捉新闻细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解长难句，从而得到需要的答案。 3.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 C     Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.        Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.     At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number （中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.    Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival. （1）What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?  A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected. （2）Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?      A.Complex.B.AdvancedC.Powerful.D.Modern. （3）How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present? A.About 6,800.B.About 3,400.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200. （4）What is the main idea of the text?   A.New languages will be created.B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution. 【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）B（4）C 【考点】主旨大意题，词义猜测题，细节理解题，社会文化类，说明文 【解析】【分析】本文属于社科类说明文，介绍了世界语言随着人类的发展，许多语种已消失或正面临灭绝，世界语言种类越来越少。 ⑴B  推理判断。 第一段第二三句When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small ,tightly knit groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other。故答案为B。 ⑵C  词义猜测。 根据第二段划线部分句子句中的such as English Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over  可知，强大的语言如英语，西班牙语和汉语正在快速地接管，与前一句许多语言消失形成对比。故答案为C。 ⑶B  细节计算。 根据倒数第二段第一句知现在世界语言种类总数有6800，及最后一句half of the total world languages可知6800的一半即3400，故答案为B。 ⑷C  主旨大意。 第一段讲述了多年来语言的发展有新的语言产生也有一些语言消失，在人类以打猎为生的时代，语言种类很多;第二段主要描述了随着人类过上定居生活，语言的种类就逐渐减少，特别是近几十年来商业化，工业化及全球化的发展导致许多小语种消亡，许多语言被强大的英语汉语等取代;第三段介绍了世界6800多种语言的地理分布情况最后讲述了400多种语言正面临消亡。 故答案为C 【点评】本文属于说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。 4.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的ABC和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 D     We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment – and our wallets – as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.     To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life – from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.     As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones."The Living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kid's room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house," said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices-we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TV's with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.     So what's the solution(解决方案)?The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tables instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. （1）What does the author think of new devices? A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly. （2）Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research? A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices. （3）Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV.B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV.D.The desktop computer. （4）What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgrade them.D.Recycle them. 【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）A 【考点】推理判断题，细节理解题，科普环保类，说明文 【解析】【分析】这是一篇科普环保类阅读。文章介绍了人们继续使用一些老旧电器对环境的坏处，这不仅增加能源的消耗，而且也不利于环保，因此作者建议及时更新那些过时的电子设备。 ⑴A  推理判断。根据第1段最后一句…as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.这些过时的装置比新装置消耗更多的能量，因而判断新装置消耗的能量少，所以环保。故答案为A。 ⑵D  细节理解。根据第2段第一句To figure out how much power these devices are using, …故选D，为了查明这些装置的电消耗量。 ⑶B  细节理解。由整个文章的最后一句They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers cut energy consumption by 44%.可知在tablets(平板电脑)而不是电视和台式电脑上观看娱乐节目能够减少44%的能源消耗。故平板电脑使用最少的能源，选B。 ⑷A  细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句…but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics…及最后一句 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers cut energy consumption by 44%.研究者们探索用新电器代替旧产品，结果发现新的装置能够减少44%的能源消耗。故选A。 【点评】本文属于说明文，阅读时在文章首段确定文章的中心句，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题，找到问题中的关键词。在文章中定位问题中的关键词，答案就在关键词附近。 5.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。     Color is fundamental in home design-something you'll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in. Do you want a room that's full of life? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?________, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.     Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.________, they can get a little complex. But good news is that there're really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.     ________.They're the little spots of color like throw pillows,