音素和国际音标的讲义.docx

音素和国际音标的讲义1什么是音素音素是语音的最小单位2音素的分类元音和辅音3音素的个数共48个元音音素20个辅音音素28个4什么是音标记录音素的符号叫做音标5什么是国际音标国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标用来记录世界各主要语言的语音7开音节a辅音元音辅音enamebikehomedueplaneshineb辅音元音hegohidobetreethreehello8闭音节a辅音元音辅音badbedsithotcupletmadmapb元音辅音itisofinonupoutant重读音节单词中发音特别响亮的音节语音的基本常识1音节的划分一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节2重读音节任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中有重读音节和非重读音节哪一个音节重读该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号3浊化音以spstsk开头的单词中清辅音ptk分别要发浊辅音bdg4定冠词the的读音egthemancftheoldman5不完全爆破爆破音pbtdkg后面紧跟另一个爆破音时前面的那个爆破音只在口腔内形成阻碍而不能完全读出例如basketballthepartoftheearth6连读在一个短语或句子中如果相邻两词的关系相等密切而前一个词以辅音结尾后一个词以元音开头辅音和元素连在一起读7意群的停顿对于一个较长的句子可以根据意思和结构将其分成几群一个意群必须一口气说完元音个单元音长元音短元音个双元音辅对清辅音音浊辅音个鼻音个似拼音个半元音第一课元音ii学习一i发这个音的字母和字母组合eeaeeemebesheheweeveningeesweetbeesweepsheepseesleepthreegreeneameatleafseapeateacheatclean根据发音规则圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词1seatrainbeancat2giftfeetteacherdog3pigstartreejeep4sweetseafishthe二i发这个音的字母和字母组合ieyeyayipigfishinfifteensixshipthinebeginbehindjacketbasketballyhappyheavybusylorrycarrysunnylovelystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainyeymonkeymoneyaySundaySaturdayFriday根据发音规则圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词1sofasitkicklip2inkgiftjamship3handpicturebigsister4hotlickpigjelly三发这个音的字母和字母组合erirurearorerherservetermirbirdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirturnurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainearearlylearnorwordworkworld根据发音规则圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词1thirtybeerthirstywheat2bankkinghernurse3turtlebirdrabbitknee4roomrunshirtterm四发这个音的字母和字母组合ureeraroraeurepictureerteacherbrotherdinnerfathersisterarsugarordoctorapandaaboutabovecamerasofaChina根据发音规则找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上1mothersofaroadsmile2sitfathersisterfood3hairdeertigerChina4sugarsoonearleader练习1找出下列没有相同发音的词hefeetbreadgreenpigisdogshipthirtybirdherfoodshebiginmoneysweetsfishteacherweteachersisteraboutgirltigerfirstworkshirttreebeancleanchinfatherdoctorskirtchinahappyseasitpicture读音标写单词bibdsiswitbizihdktsistlifhi3连线meatthirstyidriveranimali第二课音标uu学习一发这个音的字母和字母组合aawaloroorawaterawdrawstrawberryalballwallorhorsecornforkorshortoorfloordoor根据发音规则找出发的1个单词写在后面的横线上1tallbirdbreadpoor2ideachairsporthare3cakebearwalkcup4drinkshortbagmilk二发这个音的字母和字母组合oaofoxcoffeedogshopdogdoctorlongawatch根据发音规则找出发的2个单词写在后面的横线上1doctorteacherboxclothes2coldzooclockdog3lovebosslotviolin4watchbeachfoxgirl三u发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouiodowhowhoseoofoodmoontoouifruitjuiceurulerrude根据发音规则找出不发u的单词1juicemoonzoopanda2toothbroomeyespoon3headbootnoodlespool4nooncoolbootwatch四u发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouowomanwolfoolookgoodbookfootwoodubullbullet根据发音规则选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词1mouthbooklookpull2pushtapesugarfoot3woodkindwolfbull4bulletwoodcookname练习一抄写音标一个抄写10遍一边抄写一边读uu二找出下列没有相同发音的词moonfoodeatfruittruebookwoodlookfoursmallwalkbirdgotclockshopshirtbusfootpushbooklostballlongoxrulerdogmooncakebluebigshiphorseit四写出单词或音标brumdsitbdfutwidgsistlookdowatergoodtoofootclockfirstworksisterdoctorsea五将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来hotblufootballhukbluekishookfutblkissht第三课音标ae练习一a发这个音的字母和字母组合aarauearagrassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlastarcarstararmMarchgardendarkscarfaulaughauntearheart根据发音规则圈出发a的2个单词1armlipdoctorcard2cloudcartgardengate3ballscarfdarktiger4joblorryMarchpark二发这个音的字母和字母组合ouooouosoncomecolourlovemoneyusunnutjumpgumbusbrushsupperusoutouchcousincountry根据发音规则找出每组中发的单词1hearcupbedair2voiceboyduckant3vasecornbeargun4cuteboymoneyher三发这个音的字母和字母组合aadadcapcatbadapplebagflaghandrabbitantblackfathas根据发音规则找出每组中发的单词1ratbedfacesport2hearcupfatpear3ricebatfingertree4seayoungknifeapple四e发这个音的字母和字母组合eeaeeggbelldesklegpettenpeneabreadheadbreakfast根据发音规则找出每组中不发e的单词1catwelllegpen2sweatmappetelephant3eggtentalldesk4breadheadbedtoy练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍ae二选出下列没有相同发音的词1cararmfoodgarden2truejumpbuscut3bagshortmapflag4eggpenheadsmall5gotclockbelldog6rabbitbookwoodfoot7ratbatappleten8gunstarduckmoneg三写出单词或音标pastrumswetsitftgtcpshtbagcarbusbreadstarhead四选出下列每题中元音有几种读音有一种读音的在里画有两种读音的画有三种的画1hatfastcooklast2jeepdoorsungum3dadcaphandmap4starcarcutfrom5skirtsheepbirdher第四课元音音标eiaiiau练习一ei发这个音的字母和字母组合aaiayacakemakenamegamesnakegatelazyairaintrainwaitaydayMayplaytadayway根据发音规则圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词1facewavesheeptail2grapeplanenamecoat3timetapetrainsnake4rainsoapcaketrain二ai发这个音的字母和字母组合iyieuyikitebikenicetigerwriteknifeybycryflymyskytrywhyietiepieuybuy根据发音规则找出每组中发ai的2个单词1ricegoodjamright2shipmineicecreammouse3cloudsittieeye4writesmalltenniskite三i发这个音的字母和字母组合oioyoioilboilcoinoyboytoy根据发音规则找出每组中发i的2个单词1soilhearsoycold2rabbitbedboynoise3walkvoiseboilword4teaenjoytoymilk四au发这个音的字母和字母组合ouowouhousemousemouthtrousersowflowercowhownowdown根据发音规则选出不发au的单词1mousecloudarmclown2teachertrouserscowmouth3towndanceflowerhouse4towerblousenowbaby练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍eiaiiau二选出下列没有发相同发音的词1cakeeggrainMay2kitecrybroomfly3boyjoycatnoise4blousesuncowhouse5towerflowermoutharm三读音标将下列单词补充完整或写出字母单词的音标klaudsetkinkrscdscncrsflgtreindesksmailfgtrndslehiboycownowcakemytoybikehousefacehownice四把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来bowbaugatepaitraygeitpietreipoisonpizn第五课元音音标uieu的练习一u发这个音的字母和字母组合ooaowonoserosepoenoveroaboatcoatsoapgoatowshowwindowsnowbowl根据发音规则圈出每组中发u的2个单词1coatgoattreeriver2makewindowkniferoad3yourwhiterowcoat4boathennoselamp二i发这个音的字母和字母组合eareerearearhearteareerdeerbeer根据发音规则圈出每组中发i的1个单词1bearbeerfairtail2noodlespairnearcome3horseneartowerair4ringkingherethree三e发这个音的字母和字母组合airearairhairchairpairearpearbearwear根据发音规则圈出每组中发e的1个单词1bearideapineappletail2noodlespairclimbcome3horsehousetowerair4ringkingharethree四u发这个音的字母和字母组合oorourureoorpoorourtoururesurepure根据发音规则圈出每组中发u的1个单词1cleartouristpineappletail2noodlespairclimbfury3beardcuretowerair4voicekingpureengineer练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍uieu二选出下列没有相同发音的词1mouthcoatgoatwindow2dearbeercaketeacher3pairboyairhare4poortourEuropecry5boatbikesidefly三写出单词或音标nuzsaidikaupepubtwudgoearphotodeernearnosehear五把下列单词与音标用线连起来ruztheateritroseskwetourtusquarepleisizplaces辅音音标爆破音ptkbdg摩擦音fvsz破擦音trdrtsdztt3鼻辅音mn舌侧音1出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音擦音中气流较弱摩擦较小介于元音跟辅音之间的音wj3hr第六课辅音音标pbtd练习一p发这个音的字母和字母组合pppppianopandaparrotpetshipsheeppigstopppapplehappy根据发音规则圈出没有发p的单词1shipphonesleeppear2pickpenbigpineapple3taxiparrotsheeppig4pandaponypettruck二b发这个音的字母和字母组合bbbbbookballbirdbigboybagbananabbrubberrabbitcabbage根据发音规则圈出发b的2个单词1cabgiftbeachlove2petgodtubbed3weatherboybusmake4rabbitreaddressbaby三t发这个音的字母和字母组合tttttableteataxicatratfatticketttbuttermatter根据发音规则圈出没有发t的1个单词1taxifatbagtoy2hatticketteaduck3pocketpacketcatrain四d发这个音的字母和字母组合deddduckseeddoordeskdayredheadbedreadcoldedsmiledopenedplayed根据发音规则圈出没有发d的1个单词1bedclotheshand2dogcoldfive3danceduckgrape练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍pbtd二选出下列没有相同发音的词1pearshipcoatpig2taxibeancabcabbage3hatseaticketwallet4seeddancehandfull5pickpensitpineapple6coldfinddoorchair7clothpurplepoolpush8eatfanquietset三写出单词或音标pndktdipklaudapplepearrabbitread四改变下列单词的一个字母使它变成另一个单词short衣物sea感官动词pet蔬菜ten动物第七课辅音音标kgsz学习一k发这个音的字母和字母组合ckckccapcookcupcarcanclasskcookmilkkeydeskkitecakeckclocksockcockneck从下列单词中找出一个发sk的单词1cakecardeskneck2maskrockinkclock3disktrucksilkduck二g发这个音的字母和字母组合ggggglassgolfgetgirlbaggoatflagggegg据发音规则圈出发g的单词gasdrivegumgiveviolinbagjeansorangelogbridgeguesstankgradelonglanguage三s发这个音的字母和字母组合scsscesstarsunsnakeseaseecpencilcitycedarceilingcelebratessgrassglassclassbosscefaceracericenice根据发音规则圈出每组中2个发s的单词1whosejuicelickstudent2thosecasescarfshoes3spacenosesciencemeat4tearspiecebusnose四z发这个音的字母和字母组合zssezzerozebrazoosbagsphotossisterssenoserose根据发音规则圈出每组中2个发z的单词1zoofreezelickcase2gameplaybusyshoes3dognoserosemeat4tearspeanuteaglezero练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍kgsz二将下列没有相同发音的词找出来1carstayneckclock2gasgivedrivebag3seabossricecook4lickzoorosezero5tearsfreezedeskbusy三写出单词或音标raisnuzsneikgrasglfglaskkkilegcakericemousenosebaggetkite四把下列单词与音标用线连接起来socksgiglgigglegustghostsksfacetizcheesefeis五根据翻译提示1DaisyisthedeskondancingMissDaisy小姐正在桌子上跳舞2namesneikisMy我的名字叫做蛇3abiImbusy我是一只忙碌的小蜜蜂第八课辅音音标3td3练习一发这个音的字母和字母组合sshssugarsureshshipsheepwashcashshopshe根据发音规则圈出下列单词中发的2个单词1shellshipwatchdesk2truckshirtskirtship3brushcarratsheepsleep4heroshapestreetshelf二3发这个音的字母和字母组合sstelevisionusuallyAsiameasureagarageanunusualcollisionagreatdecision根据发音规则圈出下列单词中发3的2个单词1shellshipgaragedesk2truckshirtpleasureship3brushcasualsheepsleep4heroshapeleisureshelf三t发这个音的字母和字母组合chtchchteacherpeachcherrychairtchwatchmatch根据发音规则找出下列单词中发t的单词并抄下来chairdumplingbeachcheesenightshemonkeyChinachurchtheseflowereggdreamsharkchickcatch四d3发这个音的字母和字母组合gjdgeggingergiraffejjumpjobjamgeorangecabbagecage根据发音规则圈出下列单词中发d3的单词egggiraffedragongrasscabbagejobgiftgateorangedrugjeansgun练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍3td3二选出下列具有相同发音的单词1shellwatchshipsee2shellpleasuresicktreasure3chairChinaMonkeydream4jobgiftdoorcabbage5grasschickstartjeans三写出单词或音标d3mpitipwfishsheepshecatchpeachchickshoeswatch第九课音标fv的练习一f发这个音的字母和字母组合fffphghffivefanflowerfishfourleafffgiraffephphoneelephantphotoghlaugh选出下列单词中不发f的单词写在横线上knifeflowerfootfishpickgetphotogiraffelaughleaf二v发这个音的字母和字母组合vvevvideovasevestvefiveloveviolin根据发音规则在不发v的单词上打violinmovevotewindowvanvolcanowhitewomanvictorywet三发这个音的字母和字母组合thththreethinthirdteethmouth根据发音规则圈出不发的单词1fatherthreemathsthirsty2mouththroatThursdaybrother3thinkthirstymotherthousand4thinthicktheyteeth四发这个音的字母和字母组合ththfathermotherbrotherclothesweather根据发音规则圈出每组中发的1个单词1thansisterbrotherthree2weatherthanknightgood3tielookteeththey4thinfatherthroatwatch练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍fv二将下列没有相同发音的词找出来1footknifepickfish2windowmovevotevase3threefanthousandthin4fatherthembrotherwatch5finishvanfoolfat三写出单词或音标brkeid3vesthekktiziplaffivesevenfootfatmouththirtythreefather四选出下列每题中有几种读音A一种B二种C三种D四种1footroomleafvase2vestfivelikelove3shippeapickhike4thumbcutbrothermother5theythinmathsmouth第十课辅音音标tsdztrdr的练习一ts发这个音的字母和字母组合tstestsseatsgoatscoatscatspetseatstesgateskitesdatestastes根据发音规则找出发ts的4个单词写在后面的横线上sandswoodsbootsbirdshatscarratshandsbedsfriendsratsseedskids二dz发这个音的字母和字母组合dsdesdsseedswoodsfriendsbirdsbedsdesrides根据发音规则找出发dz的5个单词写在后面的横线上coatshandscatskitesbedswordspetskidsseatshorsesandsgates三tr发这个音的字母和字母组合trtrtreetrucktrousersstrawberrytrick根据发音规则找出没有发tr的3个单词写在后面的横线上seatstrucktraintrashtractordrinkstreetdrugtrousers四dr发这个音的字母和字母组合drdrdrawdrinkdriverdragondry根据发音规则找出每组中发dr的2个单词写在后面的横线上1dreamduckdressrain2ratdraindrugdoor3treetreasuredrawerdrink4truckdragondishdrum练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍tsdztrdr二选出下列选项中具有相同发音的两个单词1dreamshoesdrinkpopcorn2truckthirstybathtrash3bedspetswordsgates4birdsbootsratsfriends5drugdrainraindish三写出单词或音标draivtrainwudskaitstrdrgutsfrendzhatsitshandsshirtsbedsbirdsheadstreedresstry四把下列单词和音标用线连起来kutstrouserssidzcoatstrseedsdraivtrashtrauzzdriver第十一课辅音音标hrlm的练习一h发这个音的字母和字母组合hwhhheherheadhearthairhamwhwhowhose根据发音规则把下列单词中不发h的找出来1hamhatwhite2horsewhalewho3wheatholehair二r发这个音的字母和字母组合rrrwrrriceroomrideroadroserrmirrorcarrotparrotwrwritewrongwrap根据发音规则选出发r的单词打1breaddriverwrongrainworker2riverfatherrobotropesister3writefruitrabbitcrowndrum三l发这个音的字母和字母组合lllllooklightlockluckyliontailllballpulldollartell根据发音规则选出每组中不发l的单词1lampnailflagwoman2yellowfruitlionlychee3grapebulllaughlake4dumplingmoonwheelwhale四m发这个音的字母和字母组合mmbmmouthmousemilkmonkeymoonmoneymummbclimbcombthumb练习音标hrlm的练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍hrlm二写出单词或音标hedraitlaitteilkulrimunhmhearthairhorseroomschoollatelikeballlaughnoodlehomeham三把下列单词用线连接起来parrotprtheartlklockhatdollarklaimclimbdl四读下列单词选出发r音的单词并写在下面的横线上whitehairwrongdrumfatherlionrabbitwhaleroperaindrivecombmirrorswim第十二课音标nwj的练习一n发这个音的字母和字母组合nkngnnnosenetnutbanananoodlestrainrainplanedownknkneeknifeknockgnsign根据发音规则找出发n的单词并抄下来1mirrorwheelyesknock2mallhenlaughnut3earringsplanewingbread二发这个音的字母和字母组合nngninkbanktankfingerngsinghangsongkingreadingrunning根据发音规则从下列每组中找出2个发的单词1netringfingermeat2tennismouthsongswing3dumplingwingrunnail4hangswiminknote三w发这个音的字母和字母组合wwhwwinterwindowwatchwaterwellwouldwhwhitewherewhichwhenwhywheelwhale根据发音规则选出每组中不发w音的1个单词1woodwritewheelwhich2wheatsnowwetwoman3whitewindownowwhy4whalewaterwatchrow四j发这个音的字母和字母组合yyyoyoyogurtyardyesyouyour根据发音规则找出发j的单词写在下面横线上cryyouyourskyyellowlorrymoneyjellytoyboyyogurt练习一抄写音标一个抄写5遍nwj二写出单词或音标naiswtwtbkrijadjipnetbankthinknoserainswingkingwetwherewhatyardyesyour三把下列单词用线连起来kneehhangniyolkjukwhaleikinkweil四在下列单词中找出发n音的单词并抄下来knockbreadmirrorbanknutinkplaneneckrowskynoodlenoseboyscrywaterkneeparkhe