牛津译林版八年级下册Unit 7 International Charities单元知识点.doc

8BU7-单元知识点
1. have some pocket money left. 剩一些零花钱。 【考点解析】left为后置定语，修饰pocket money。动词的过去分词常常可以用作后置定语。 【例句】 a man called/named Tom 一位叫作／名为汤姆的男子 a book written by Lu Xun 一本由鲁迅写的书 →Sb have sth left某人剩下某物 →There be sth/sb left.剩下… 　　 She has spent all her money on this book. Now she has none left. 　　 Hurry up. There is little time left.　 2.It helps build a better world for everyone, especially children all over the world. 它帮助为每个人，尤其是全世界的孩子们建造一个更好的世界。 especially特别，尤其 【考点聚焦】especially副词，意为“特别，尤其”。 【例句】Everyone feels sad sometimes, especially when unhappy things happen. 【拓展】比较especially与specially 前者表示突出重点，强调其后的成分，specially的意思是“专门的，特别的”，如： This kind of chair is specially designed for the disabled. 这种椅子是专门为残疾人设计的。 1.It works for the equal rights of girls and women too.它也为女孩和妇女们争取平等的权利。 解析：right,名词，意为“权利”，后常接动词不定式或“of +名词"结构作定语，表示“....的权利”。 如: I have the right to ask for an explanation.我有权要求一个解释。 2.on board 在飞机（船、火车）上 【考点聚焦】注意board 与broad的拼写。board意为“木板，板子”，broad意为“宽阔的”， 如：Eagles have broad wings. 老鹰有宽阔的翅膀。 【例句】Have the passengers gone on board yet? 乘客们登机了吗？ 【拓展】abroad 副词，意为“在国外”，go abroad 去国外 5. Modern medicine is developing quickly and now most eye problems and diseases can be treated and cured． 【考点解析】develop动词，意为“发展；加强”，其名词形式为development。 短语：with the development of the society 随着社会的发展 【辨析】developing与developed (1) developing意为“正在发展中的” India is a developing country.印度是一个发展中国家。 (2) developed意为“发达的” The USA is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。 6. The plane is also used as a training centre.飞机也被用作培训中心。 【考点解析】be used as意为“被用作为……”。 【例句】English is used as a foreign language in China.在中国，英语被作为一门外语使用。 【考点解析】a training centre意为“一个培训中心” a shopping list购物单 reading week阅读周 driving lessons驾驶课 7.international charities (P93)国际慈善机构 ORBIS奥比斯 Oxfam乐施会 UNICEF联合国儿童基金会 World Wide Fund for Nature＝WWF世界自然基金会　 8.It provides basic education for children in poor areas. (P93)它给贫困地区的孩子提供基本的教育。 education n. 教育 educational adj. 教育的 area n. 地区 ；面积 知识点1：It also works to prevent the spread of some serious diseases, like AIDS, among young people. prevent v.防护；预防 prevent sb from doing sth = ___stop_sb from doing sth___ = __keep sb from doing sth__ ①He said this would prevent companies from __creating___ new jobs. (create) ②Further treatment will prevent cancer(癌症) from _developing___. (develop) 2) spread 传播，扩散 【考点聚焦】spread作为名词，意为“扩散；分布；展开” 【例句】the spread of some serious diseases 一些严重疾病的传播 【拓展】spread还可以作为动词，意为“（使）散开；扩散，spread-spread-spread. 如：All his private papers were spread all over the floor. 他所有的私人文件都被散地满地都是。 知识点2：Please tell us something about blindness. blindness n.失明 adj. _blind__ the blind 盲人 1) Her ___blindness_of both eyes resulted from a traffic accident. 2) I started helping him run (经营,管理) the business when he went __blind___. 3) He was a teacher of the __blind__. 知识点3：About 285 million people around the world are blind or have other eye problems, mostly in poor areas, and about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured. percent n. 百分数 80%读作______80 percent____。当百分数作主语时，谓语动词的形式由__后面的名词_决定，与“就近原则”相似。 ①71% of the earth ______is___ from the countryside.　(be) cure v. ___治愈____ The doctor devoted himself to the __cure___of cancer(癌症). 知识点4：However, many people don’t have money for medical treatment. 1)medical adj. 医疗的 medical treatment 医疗 take/ have the medicine吃药 2)treatment n. 治疗 under treatment 正在治疗中 treat v. ①____对待___ ② ___招待_____ Don’t ____treat____ him ____as____ a child. 不要把他看作孩子一样对待。 知识点5：On the plane, volunteer doctors do operations. 1) volunteer n. 志愿者 vi. 主动做 volunteer to do sth. _____主动做某事____ 2) do operations做手术 do an operation on sb.=___给某人做手术_____ operating room ___手术室________ operating table ____手术台____　 operate v. ①____操作_____ ② ______做手术____ 　 知识点6：Many of our patients can’t afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them. afford v. 承担的起 afford to do sth __承担做某事__ We can’t afford to buy a new house. Can they afford to go abroad this summer?　 知识点7：I’m proud to help people see again and improve their lives. proud adj. 骄傲的 n. ____pride___ be proud to do sth 做某事感到骄傲 be/feel proud of 对。。。骄傲 　 知识点8: But more money is needed to carry on with our work.　 carry on with sth 继续某事 They carried on working, though they were very tired. 注意：carry on with sth＝carry on doing sth＝continue to do sth＝continue doing sth继续做某事 【辨析】carry on to do sth.与carry on doing sth. carry on to do sth.表示继续做另一件事；carry on doing sth.表示继续做刚才没做完的事。 I will carry on to do my English exercises after I finish my maths exercises. 完成数学作业之后，我将继续做英语作业。 I am too hungry to do the work. Can I carry on doing it after the meal? 我太累了，不能做这项工作。我能在饭后继续做吗？ 知识点9：hand out 分发 hand out = __分发__ hand in ___上交_ One of my jobs was to hand out the prizes. 知识点10：It was set up in Europe in 1946, after World War II. (P101) 二战之后，在1946年它被设立在欧洲。 World War II 第二次世界大战 也可简写为WWI （一战） WWII（二战） set up 建立、设立 含up 的固定搭配： grow up ___长大__ give up ___放弃____ put up _张贴、搭建、举起来__ clean up ___打扫干净___ 　 知识点11：部分动词、形容词加后缀可以变为名词，常见的有以下三种情况： 部分动词＋ment→名词： agree advertise develop punish improve　 部分动词＋ion→名词： collect donate educate celebrate organize 形容词＋ness→名词： ill sick rich kind careless 知识点12：A lot of things are sold in Oxfam shops,including books. 乐施会商店里卖许多物品，包括书。 解析：including,介词，意为“包括，包含”，后面直接跟宾语，含有补充说明之意。 如: Thirty passengers were hurt, including five children.30名乘客受伤,包括5个孩子。 拓展：including的动词为include,意为“包括，包含”，在句中作谓语，侧重指被包含着的是整体的一部分。 如: The book includes two chapters on grammar.这本书包含两章关于语法的内容。 知识点1：…many chidren’s lives were changed because of the war…(P101) …因为战争，许多孩子的生活被改变… because of 因为，由于 后接代词/名词/动词的ing形式，because 后接句子。 例： She was absent from school because of illness. =She was absent from school because she was ill. 知识点2：UNICEF raises money by selling Christmas cards and organizing other activities. (P101)联合国儿童基金会通过卖圣诞卡片和组织其他的活动来筹集资金。 raise vt. 筹集；饲养；升起来；提高 They raised the money to buy the house. Don't raise your voice to me! They had raised the white flag in surrender（投降）. He raised his hand to wave. 2) organize v.组织 知识点3：People can support it by donating money or working as volunteers. (P102)人们通过捐钱和做志愿者来支持它。 support v. n. 支持 donate v. 捐赠 make a donation to = make donations to ＝donate money to 向……捐款 知识点4：Open your mouth and let me have a check.(P102) 张开你的嘴巴，让我检查一下。 check vt. n. 检查 知识点5：…divide a piece of writing into sentences, phrases, etc.(P103) 将一篇文章拆分为句子，短语等。 divide…into… 把…分成… The watermelon is divided into twelve pieces. The students are divided into three groups. 知识点6：You can use a computer for sending and receiving emails, searching for information, drawing or playing games.(P103) 你能使用一台电脑来收发电子邮件，搜索信息，画画或玩游戏。 use的用法 used to do ____过去常常做某事____ use sth. to do/use sth. for doing ____用.........做........___ be used to do __被用来做某事___ be/get used to doing _____习惯于做某事____ 2) search for 寻找，搜寻 search +sth./sb. 搜身；搜某处 知识点7：He was the same size as my little finger!(P103)他和我的小手指一样大。 the same size as…= __as big/large as___ 常见类似用法还有： The same height as… = _____as tall as____ The same weight as…= ___as heavy as__ 知识点8：I kept asking myself. (P103) 我一直问自己。 keep (sb) doing … 使…一直做… The boss kept the workers working all the day. 知识点9：She made up her mind to train as a nurse and attended courses after work.(P104)她下定决心在工作后来培训成一名护士并参加课程。 1) make up one’s mind 下定决心做某事 mind v. ___介意____ n. ____心思______ 2) train vt. ___训练__
被动语态的基本知识 语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。 2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化： ①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 例： We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 例题：把下列句子改为被动句 John drew a beautiful horse last week. _______________________________________________ 【答案】A beautiful horse was drawn by John last week. People use metal for making machines. _______________________________________________ 【答案】Metal is used for making machines by people. He asked me to do that for him. _______________________________________________ 【答案】I was asked to do that for him. They sold out the light green dresses. _______________________________________________ 【答案】The light green dresses were sold out by them. 3. 用法： 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： （1）不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； 例：This cloth is made of cotton. （2）强调动作的承受者。 例：Her bike is stolen. 4. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态构成： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her. 由她教我们英语。 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary. 玛丽给了我一件礼物。 例1：— Our classroom____________every day. — So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy. A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. cleaning 例2：The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 例3：If city noises ____ from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at dinner． A. are not kept　　B. are not keep C. do not keep　　 D. do not kept 【答案】CDA 知识点2：不用于被动语态的动词 ①不及物动词不用于被动语态，如appear, come out, happen , take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语