2013年12月英语四级选词填空习题及答案

2013年12月英语四级选词填空习题及答案(1) 英语四级阅读理解之选词填空 　　　　What is itabout Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1__________ about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2__________ with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3__________ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4__________ ways of doing it.　　The immigrant experience, too, has been one of in harmony. Do as Romans do mean seating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5__________ by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.　　Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even moralitywhether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat forpolitical 6__________　　But strongopinions have not brought 7__________ . Americans are ambivalent about what theyput in their mouths. We have become 8__________ of our foods, especially as welearn more about what they contain.　　The 9__________ infood is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence,then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in suchbondage(束缚). It’s whatwe eat—and how we 10__________ it with friends, family, and strangers—that helpdefine America as a community today. A. answer 　　B. result 　　C. share 　　D. guilty 　　E. constant 　　F. defined 　　G. vanish 　　H. adapted　　I. creative　　J. belief　　K. suspicious　　L. certainty　　M. obsessed　　N. identify　　O. ideals 【全文翻译】　　美国人如何看待食物呢?我们爱吃，但是过后会觉得内疚。我们说我们只要最好的，但是却热衷于享受垃圾食品;我们很重视健康和减肥，但是肥胖却又空前地在蔓延。也许，这种矛盾源于我们的历史。首批来到这个大陆的欧洲人是为了寻找新的香料，但却一无所获;首种经济作物不是用来吃的，而是用来吸得。那时，旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，实际上却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒。　　移民的经历也与此有内在的关系。入乡随俗意味着要吃“典型的美国人”的饮食，但是美国的食物已经被诸如比萨或者热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了。美国最珍贵的一些烹饪来自于戴着镣铐而来的人们。　　无论是在波士顿倾茶事件中，还是在南部午餐柜台前的静坐中，食物都曾被用来作为界定斗争的一种手段，这也许是不足为奇的。无论是出于宗教原因而戒酒，还是由于政治避难而戒肉，这都与我们的健康甚至是道德的观念相一致。　　但是，这些坚定的观点并不是确定不变的。美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的。我们怀疑我们的食物，特别是当我们更清楚地了解了它们的成分时。　　对食物的信仰一直存在于美国人的意识之中。第一个感恩节就把美国人的想象力束缚在食物之中，束缚在我们与朋友对它的分享之中，这并不是偶然的。 答案：　　1.E)essence　　2.H)doubles　　3.A)components　　4.K)devices　　5.O)technique　　6.F)inspiration　　7.L)manufacture　　8.I)solution　　9.C)standards　　10.B)advantage 1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. “对……感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。　　2.M beobsessed with 为固定搭配，原意为“被……附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。　　3. A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer.　　4. I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以确定I为正确选项。　　5. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过 but 转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。　　6.B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。　　7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。　　8. K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of “对……感到怀疑”。　　9. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，(have)belief in sth.“ 相信……”。　　10. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项为share, share sth. with sb.,“与某人分享某事”。 2013年12月英语四级选词填空习题及答案(2) 英语四级阅读理解之选词填空 　　After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists hadgood news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in thisearthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar __1__ that shook Americain 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.　　Injuries anddeaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m.On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highway. In addition, __3__made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years havestrengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more __4__ toquakes.　　In the past,making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, such assteel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift abuilding off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the buildingand its foundation to __6__ the impact of ground vibrations. The most __7__designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, calledsmart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to anearthquake’s vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, thecomputer would __8__ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The newdesigns should offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen takeplace.　　The new smart structures could be very __10__ to build. However, they would save manylives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.　　[A]changes　　[B]flexible　　[C]decrease　　[D]recent　　[E]push　　[F]reduce　　[G]relatively　　[H]safety　　[I]resistant　　[J]expensive　　[K]force　　[L]accordingly　　[M]intensity　　[N]security　　[O]opposed 导读：　　After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll(死亡人数) could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake.(The damage and death toll could have been much worse.此句为虚拟语气，“地震所造成的伤亡和损失本来应该更大。”说明实际上这次地震的损失并不大。)By comparison, an earthquake of similar M)intensity that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.(这句的主干是an earthquake...claimed...25,000 victims。)　　Injuries and deaths were G)relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highway. In addition, A)changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more I)resistant to quakes.　　In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet B)flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to F)reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most D)recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would K)force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater N)security to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.(In the past...,Later...,The most...designs,这里是一个世间顺序上的描述，说明了从以前到现在，建筑物的结构一直在不断变化。)　　The new smart structures could be very J)expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.　　【全文翻译】 　　1994年洛杉矶发生强烈大地震后，地震学家报告了一个好消息：地震所造成的伤亡和损害并不大。此次地震有60多人丧生。相较而言，美国1998年发生的相似强度的地震造成的伤亡多达25，000人。　　洛杉矶地震伤亡人数相对较少，是因为地震发生在凌晨4：31，而当天是个假日。当时城市公路上的车辆稀少。此外，在过去的20年中洛杉矶市对建筑法规所做的修订使城市的建筑和道路系统更加坚固，增强了抗震能力。　　在过去，防震建材指的是坚固并且有弹性的材料，如钢材和木材，它们即使弯曲也不会折断。后来，人们尝试着将建筑物从地基上提起来，然后在建筑物和地基之间填充橡胶和钢材，从而减少地面震动对建筑物的影响。最新的建筑设计不仅为建筑提供水泥和钢筋支撑，而且还赋予它智能，从而成为智能建筑，让建筑物能像生命有机体那样对地震做出反应。当地面震动而导致建筑物顶部向前倾斜时，计算机将会迫使建筑物向相反方向移动。这种新的建筑设计能够使处于地震多发区的城市更为安全。　　这种新型的智能型建筑造价高昂。然而，它可以挽救许多人的生命，而且在地震中不大可能受到损害。 1.选M)。此处应填名词，作介词of的宾语，作为后置定语修饰earthquake，说明该名词是“地震”的自然属性。选项中的名词有changes，safety，intensity和security，只有intensity可以表示地震的强度，故选M)。　　2.选G)。此处应填副词，用来修饰形容词less。选项中的副词有relatively“相对的”和accordingly“相应的”，第一段说这次地震和1998年的那次地震程度一样，但造成的损失却小很多，再从后句中“高速路上的车辆不是很多”可以推断：这次的地震造成的“死伤人数”与1998年比少很多，即少是相对的，故选G)relatively。　　3.选A)。空格中要填的词是本句话中的主语，应为名词。这句话的主干是have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways,从第三段的内容和注释3的解析可知：建筑结构发生了变化，故应选择A)changes。　　4.选I)。此处应填形容词，和其前面的more构成形容词的比较级，描述新型建筑与地震有关的性能。them = the city’s buildings and highways, have strengthened "被加固"说明他们更有抵御风险的能力了。选项中的四个形容词只有resistant符合这个意思，故选I)。　　5.选B)。此处应填形容词，修饰名词materials。从后面的...bent without breaking "即使弯曲也不会折断"，说明是有韧性的材料。选项中的四个形容词只有flexible表示“柔韧的，可变形的”，故B)正确。　　6.选F)。此处应填名词。根据上下文insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation“在建筑物和地基之间填充橡胶和钢材”是为了减少the impact of ground vibrations"地面震动对建筑物的影响"。选项中decrease和reduce都可以表示“减少”的意思，前者指稳定的逐步地减少，后者强调在大小、程度或强度方面下降或减少。故F)reduce更符合题意。　　7.选D)。根据注释3，可以推知，这里要填的词是和前面的In the past, Laer相对应的，选项中的形容词中只有recent可表示时间，the mostrecent desighs“最近的设计”，在原文中可以对应“过去，后来”，故D)为正确答案。　　18.选K)。前面提到了智能建筑，这里说明当地震使这样的建筑向前倒的时候，电脑会怎样它，使它相反方向移动。在动词push和force之间悬着。push强调的是外加的力量，而这里的拖力者是与智能建筑一体的计算机系统，故这里force符合文意。　　9.选N)。此后应填名词，做动词offer的宾语。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本句是这些措施的结果。抗震型建筑为城市提供的应该是更多的安全保障，选项中表示“安全”的词有safety和security，前者是处于安全状态，不受伤害，没有危险，多用于人身，货物。后者常指国家社会的免遭战争，灾难而安然无恙，故N)security更符合文意。　　10.选J)。此处应填形容词。从后面的However后的一句说明智能建筑的优点而得知，However前所说的是智能建筑的缺点。既然智能建筑很聪明，又是新事物，那么建造起来肯定会耗费很多资金的，所以选J)expensive。 2013年12月英语四级选词填空习题及答案(3) Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually  1__________  you money or can add to the cost. Take the  2__________  example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the  3__________ buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest  4__________ price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive  5__________  to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.　　So what principles should you  6__________  when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable  7__________ in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new  8__________  , talk to someone who owns one .If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive  9 __________, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose 10__________  three items or three estimates.　　［A］possession　　［B］save　　［C］best　　［D］appliance　　［E］material　　［F］from　　［G］simple　　［H］with　　［I］in　　［J］element　　［K］model　　［L］item　　［M］easy　　［N］adopt　　［O］reasonable 全文翻译　　理智购买是一种积极的方式，可以让你的钱更值钱。你购买一件物品或者一份服务的方式真的可以给你节省钱或者多花钱。以吹风机作一个简单的例子。如果你要买一个吹风机，当你选了一个外观你非常喜欢而且价格又是最便宜的，你一定认为你买了最好的东西。但是，当你把它买回家，你才发现它要花两倍于较贵的吹风机所花的时间来吹干你的头发。电费加上你的时间成本很可能使你的吹风机成为最贵的。　　当你外出购物时，你应该采取什么样的原则呢?如果你保持你的家、你的车，或者任何一件值钱的物品处于一种良好的状态中，从长远的眼光来看，你会省钱。在你买一个新的用品前，先与有这个物品的人交流一下。如果可能的话，你可以试试或者借来看看是否适合你的特殊要求。在购买一个贵重物品或者一项服务之前，要看好它的价格和功能。如果可能的话，一定要货比三家。 1.【解析】[B]save 本文主要讲理智的购物可以省很多钱的问题。你购买一件物品或者一份服务的方式真的可以给你省钱或者让你多花钱，所以此处空格填save，节省。　　2.【解析】[G]simple 就拿吹风机作一个简单的例子。空格处用simple形容例子符合文章所表达的意思。　　3.【解析】[C]best 如果你要买一个吹风机，当你选了一个外观你非常喜欢而且价格又是最便宜的，你一定认为你买了最好的东西。make the best buy即是说买了最好的东西。　　4.【解析】[I]in 以怎样的价格用固定短语in price。最便宜的价格就是the cheapest in price。　　5.【解析】[K]model 意为"样式，型"。当你把它买回家，你才发现它要花两倍于较贵的吹风机所花的时间来吹干你的头发。a more expensive model更贵的一款。　　6.【解析】[N]adopt 意为"采用"。那么你外出购物时应该采用什么样的原则呢?adopt principles "采用原则"，principles 需要用adopt 来搭配。　　7.【解析】[A]possession 意为"拥有物"。如果你保持你的家、你的车，或者任何一件值钱的物品处于一种良好的状态中，从长远的眼光来看你会省钱。　　8.【解析】[D]appliance 意为"用品，器具"。在你买一个新的用品之前，先与有这个物品的人交流一下。　　9.【解析】[L]item 在买一个贵的东西之前，要看好价格和正在出售的物品。item可用来指代物品。　　10.【解析】[F]from 这个空格前是动词choose，从中作出选择即用介词from来搭配。 2013年12月英语四级选词填空习题及答案(4) There's no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we 1__________ to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable 2__________  for fossil fuels?　　Global warming can seem too 3__________  to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer 4__________ that often can't get next week's weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn't be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about 5__________ change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.　　Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the 6__________ is up 1°F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren't pretty. Ice is 7__________ , rivers are running dry, and coasts are 8__________ , threatening communities.　　The 9__________ are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn't be out of mind, because they are omens of what's in store for the 10__________ of the planet.　　[A]remote　　[B]techniques　　[C]consisting　　[D]rest　　[E]willing　　[F]climate　　[G]skill　　[H]appetite　　[I]melting　　[J]vanishing　　[K]eroding　　[L]temperature　　[M]curiosity 全文翻译　　毫无疑问，地球正变得越来越热。但是，真正的问题是：气候变暖的程度是我们的错，我们愿意通过控制我们对矿石燃料无止境的欲望来减缓地球变暖吗?　　全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心;或者太难以确定，我们无法用计算机技术来测定，同样的计算机技术往往难以正确地预报下周的天气情况。在一个阴冷的冬日，你可能会觉得，变暖几度无论如何也不是件糟糕的事情。毫无疑问，气候变化的警告听上去就像一个环保主义者的恐吓策略，迫使我们远离汽车，限制我们的生活方式。　　这些也许是安慰的想法。然而，不幸的是，地球给我们带来一些不安的消息。从阿拉斯加到安第斯山的雪峰，全球都在快速升温。上个世纪，全球温度上升了1华氏度，但是有些最冷、最偏远的地方却远不止如此。这些结果非常不妙。冰层正在融化，河流正在干枯，海岸正在受侵蚀，我们的社区正在受到威胁。　　很大程度上，这些正在发生的变化处于我们的视野之外。但是，他们不应该被忽视，因为他们预示着地球的其他地方将会发生什么样的情况。 1.【解析】[E]此处应填入E项，be willing to 为固定搭配。　　2.【解析】[H]此处应填入一个名词，而appetite通常和介词for搭配，此处句子的意思为控制我们无止境的欲望。　　3.【解析】[A]此处应填入一个形容词，根据上下文意思应选A项，意即:全球气候变暖似乎离我们太遥远，以至于我们无需为此担心。　　4.【解析】[B]此处应填入一个名词，而与computer 搭配的名词在选项中根据上下文意思B为正确选项。　　5.【解析】[F]根据上下文意思此处应表达气候变化之意，因此F为正确选项。　　6.【解析】[L]该题较为简单，表示"上个世纪全球的气温上升了1华氏度"，应能迅速找出正确答案。　　7.【解析】[I]显然ice 与melt 搭配，因此I为正确选项。　　8.【解析】[K]此处应填入一个现在分词，表示"海岸受到侵蚀"，因此应选K项。　　9.【解析】[N]该题较为简单，应填入一个复数名词，所以填入N项。　　10.【解析】[D]选D项，the rest of 为固定搭配。 2013年12月英语四级选词填空习题及答案(5) It seems you always forget-your reading glasses when you are rushing to work, your coat when you are going to the cleaners, your credit card when you are shopping...　　Such absent-mindedness may be 1__________ to you; now British and German scientists are developing memory glasses that record everything the 2__________ sees.　　The glasses can play back memories later to help the wearer remember things they have forgotten such as where they left their keys. And the glasses also 3__________ the user to "label" items so that information can be used later on. The wearer could walk around an office or a factory identifying certain 4__________ by pointing at them. Objects indicated are then given a 5_____