辽宁高中英语语法-动词教案.docx

辽宁高中英语语法动词教案1表示动作中状态的词叫做动词2根据其在句中的功能动词可分为四类分别是实义动词系动词助动词情态动词说明有些情况下有些动词是兼类词例如Wearehavingameeting我们正在开会have是实义动词HehasgonetoNewYork他已去纽约have是助动词3动词根据其后是否带有宾语可分为两类分别是及物动词不及物动词英语缩写形式分别为vt和vi说明同一动词有时可用作及物动词有时可用作不及物动词例如Shecandanceandsing她能唱歌又能跳舞sing在此用作不及物动词ShecansingmanyEnglishsongs她能唱好多首英文歌曲sing用作及物动词4动词根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制可分两类分别是限定动词非限定动词例如Shesingsverywell她唱得很好sing受主语she的限制故用第三人称单数形式singsShewantstolearnEnglishwell她想学好英语tolearn不受主语she的限制没有词形变化是非限定动词说明英语中共有三种非限定动词分别是动词不定式动名词分词5根据动词的组成形式可分为三类分别是单字词短语动词动词短语例如TheEnglishlanguagecontainsmanyphrasalverbsandverbalphrases英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语contains是单字动词Studentsshouldlearntolookupnewwordsindictionaries学生们学会查字典lookup是短语动词Theyoungoughttotakecareoftheold年轻人应照料老人takecareof是动词短语6动词有五种形态分别是原形第三人称单数形式过去式过去分词现在分词1系动词系动词亦称联系动词LinkVerb作为系动词它本身有词义但不能单独用作谓语后边必须跟表语亦称补语构成系表结构说明主语的状况性质特征等情况说明有些系动词又是实义动词该动词表达实义时有词义可单独作谓语例如Hefellillyesterday他昨天病了fell是系动词后跟补足语说明主语情况Hefellofftheladder他从梯子上摔下来fell是实义动词单独作谓语1状态系动词用来表示主语状态只有be一词例如Heisateacher他是一名教师is与补足语一起说明主语的身份2持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度主要有keeprestremainstayliestand例如Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting他开会时总保持沉默Thismatterrestsamystery此事仍是一个谜3表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念主要有seemappearlook例如Helookstired他看起来很累Heseemstobeverysad他看起来很伤心4感官系动词感官系动词主要有feelsmellsoundtaste例如Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft这种布手感很软Thisflowersmellsverysweet这朵花闻起来很香5变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样变化系动词主要有becomegrowturnfallgetgocomerun例如Hebecamemadafterthat自那之后他疯了Shegrewrichwithinashorttime她没多长时间就富了6终止系动词表示主语已终止动作主要有proveturnout表达证实变成之意例如Therumorprovedfalse这谣言证实有假Thesearchproveddifficult搜查证实很难Hisplanturnedoutasuccess他的计划终于成功了turnout表终止性结果2助动词1协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词被协助的动词称作主要动词助动词自身没有词义不可单独使用例如HedoesntlikeEnglish他不喜欢英语doesnt是助动词无词义like是主要动词有词义2助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用可以用来a表示时态例如Heissinging他在唱歌Hehasgotmarried他已结婚b表示语态例如HewassenttoEngland他被派往英国c构成疑问句例如Doyoulikecollegelife你喜欢大学生活吗DidyoustudyEnglishbeforeyoucamehere你来这儿之前学过英语吗d与否定副词not合用构成否定句例如Idontlikehim我不喜欢他e加强语气例如Docometothepartytomorrowevening明天晚上一定来参加晚会Hedidknowthat他的确知道那件事3最常用的助动词有behavedoshallwillshouldwould等3助动词be的用法1be现在分词构成进行时态例如Theyarehavingameeting他们正在开会Englishisbecomingmoreandmoreimportant英语现在越来越重要2be过去分词构成被动语态例如ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom窗户是汤姆打碎的Englishistaughtthroughouttheworld世界各地都教英语3be动词不定式可表示下列内容a表示最近未来的计划或安排例如HeistogotoNewYorknextweek他下周要去纽约Wearetoteachthefreshmen我们要教新生说明这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法b表示命令例如Youaretoexplainthis对此你要做出解释Heistocometotheofficethisafternoon要他今天下午来办公室c征求意见例如HowamItoanswerhim我该怎样答复他Whoistogothere谁该去那儿呢d表示相约商定例如Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatseventomorrowmorning我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合4助动词have的用法1have过去分词构成完成时态例如HehasleftforLondon他已去了伦敦Bytheendoflastmonththeyhadfinishedhalfoftheirwork上月未为止他们已经完成工作的一半2havebeen现在分词构成完成进行时例如IhavebeenstudyingEnglishfortenyears我一直在学英语已达十年之久3havebeen过去分词构成完成式被动语态例如EnglishhasbeentaughtinChinaformanyyears中国教英语已经多年5助动词do的用法1构成一般疑问句例如DoyouwanttopasstheCET你想通过大学英语测试吗DidyoustudyGerman你们学过德语吗2donot构成否定句例如Idonotwanttobecriticized我不想挨批评Hedoesntliketostudy他不想学习InthepastmanystudentsdidnotknowtheimportanceofEnglish过去好多学生不知道英语的重要性3构成否定祈使句例如Dontgothere不要去那里Dontbesoabsentminded不要这么心不在焉说明构成否定祈使句只用do不用did和does4放在动词原形前加强该动词的语气例如Docometomybirthdayparty一定来参加我的生日宴会Ididgothere我确实去那儿了Idomissyou我确实想你5用于倒装句例如NeverdidIhearofsuchathing我从未听说过这样的事情OnlywhenwebeginourcollegelifedowerealizetheimportanceofEnglish进了大学以后我们才认识到英语的重要性说明引导此类倒装句的副词有neverseldomrarelylittleonlysowell等6用作代动词例如454545DoyoulikeBeijing45你喜欢北京吗454545YesIdo45是的喜欢do用作代动词代替likeBeijingHeknowshowtodriveacardoesnthe他知道如何开车对吧6助动词shall和will的用法shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时例如IshallstudyharderatEnglish我将更加努力地学习英语HewillgotoShanghai他要去上海说明在过去的语法中语法学家说shall用于第一人称will只用于第二第三人称现在尤其是在口语中will常用于第一人称但shall只用于第一人称如用于第二第三人称就失去助动词的意义已变为情态动词试比较Heshallcome他必须来shall有命令的意味Hewillcome他要来will只与动词原形构成一般将来时7助动词shouldwould的用法1should无词义只是shall的过去形式与动词原形构成过去将来时只用于第一人称例如ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek我昨天给他打电话问他我下周干什么比较WhatshallIdonextweekIasked我下周干什么我问道可以说shall变成间接引语时变成了should2would也无词义是will的过去形式与动词原形构成过去将来时用于第二第三人称例如Hesaidhewouldcome他说他要来比较Iwillgohesaid他说我要去那儿变成间接引语就成了Hesaidhewouldcome原来的will变成wouldgo变成了come8短语动词动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词例如Turnofftheradio把收音机关上turnoff是短语动词短语动词的构成基本有下列几种1动词副词如blackout2动词介词如lookinto3动词副词介词如lookforwardto构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词9非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词非谓语动词分为三种形式不定式动名词和分词分词包括现在分词和过去分词1不定式时态语态主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone2动名词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone3分词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone否定形式not不定式not动名词not现在分词10助动词练习1Ifitisfinetomorrowweafootballmatchahavebwillhavechasdshallhas2Whenhewasatschoolheearlyandtakeawalkbeforebreakfastawillrisebshallrisebshouldrisewouldrise3Inthepast30yearsChinagreatadvancesinthesocialistrevolutionandsocialistconstructionahasmadebhavemadechadmadedhavingmade4IgotobeduntilIfinishedmyworkadonthadbdidnthavecdidnthadddonthaveyouthinkhebackbydinnertimeaDohavecomebDidwillhavecomecDoeswillcomedDowillhavecome6Hesaidthathedroppedhisbagwhenheforthebusawasruningbwasrunningcwererunningdisrunning7Nosoonerhearrivedhomethanhetostartonanotherjourneyahaswasaskedbhavewereaskedchadisaskeddhadwasasked8yougivemearoomforthenightIaskedonarrivingatthehotelaShouldbCancMightdMay9Therearenineofthemsogetintothecaratthesametimeatheymaynotatallballtheymaynotctheycantalldalltheycant10WedidntseehimatthelectureyesterdayHeitamustntattendbcannothaveattendedcwouldhavenotattendeddneednthaveattended11Yourealizethatyouweredrivingat100mphdontyouNoofficerIThiscarcantdomorethan80adidntneedtobebmaynothavebeenccouldnthavebeendneednthavebeen12hewasagoodrunnersoheescapefromthepoliceamightbsucceededtocwoulddwasableto13Iftheyourplanwillfallflataarecooperatingbhadnotcooperatedcwontcooperateddidntcooperate14Ihopedmyletterahertoanswerbthatshewouldanswercthatsheanswersdheranswering1Heliveinthecountrythaninthecityaprefersblikestochadbetterdwouldrather16toseeafilmwithustodayaDidyoulikebWouldyoulikecWillyoulikedHaveyouliked17ImsorrybutIhadnoalternativeIsimplywhatIdidamustdobhadtodocoughttohavedonedhavetodo18Timeisrunningoutahadntwebettergotstartbhadntwebettergetstartbhadntwebettergetstarteddhadntwebetternotstarted19Noonethattohisfaceadaressaybdaressayingcdaresayddaretosay20Thestudentsintheclassroomnottomakesomuchnoiseaneedboughtcmustddare21Youlastweekifyouwerereallyseriousaboutyourworkaoughttocomeboughttobecomingcoughthavecomedoughttohavecome22Theelephantsoughthoursagobythekeepersatobefedbtofeedctobeingfeddtohavebeenfed23IwonderwhytheyrelateTheythetrainacanhavemissedbcouldmisscmayhavemisseddmightmiss24TomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungageHehavebeenanoutstandingstudentamustbcouldcshoulddmight2Youtheexaminationagainsinceyouhadalreadypasseditaneednthavetakenbdidntneedtotakecneednttakedmustnttake26HeisreallyincompetentTheletteryesterdayashouldbefinishedtypingbmustbefinishedtypingbmusthavefinishedtypingcshouldhavebeenfinishedtyping27Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldratheranastronautabecomebtobecomecbecomingdbecame28Whenwereachedthestationthetrainhadstillnotarrivedsoweaneedednottohurrybneednthavehurriedcneednottohavehurriedddidntneedtohurry29Sinceyourroommateisvisitingherfamilythisweekendyouliketohavedinnerwithustonightawillbwontcwouldntddo30Hewasafraidwhathehaddoneadisastrouseffectonhiscareeramighthavebcouldbechavebeendshallbe31Hehardlysayanythingmoresinceyouknowaboutitadontneedtobneedntcneedsdneed32Youthelookonhisfacewhenhewontheprizeawouldhaveseenbshouldhaveseencmustseedcanbeseeing33SomepeoplethinkthestockmarketwillcrashbutaIwonderifithappensbIdoubtifitwillhappencIamafraiditwouldnthappendIdoubtifitdoeshappen34WhateverhashappenedtoGeorgeIdontknowHelostacanhavegotbmayhavegotcmightgetdcouldget3HehasnoideawhatthebookisaboutHereadthebookacouldntbcouldnthavecmightnthavedshouldnthave36NewstudiesshowthattwoofSaturnsringslongerthanthe45billionyearssincethebirthoftheSolarSystemacouldhavelastedbshouldhavelastedcwouldhavelasteddmustbelasting37Takethetelescopewithyouincaseyouitinyourexpeditionawillneedbwouldneedcshouldneeddcouldneed38NeedhecomeatonceYesheamustbmustnotcneeddmay39PleaseanswerthephoneItbebyyourfatherIfitiswouldyoutellthatIwanttoseehimawillbshouldcwoulddcould40Wellnevergiveinwhatevertheysayordoamaybwillcshalldshould41Withallthisworkonhandhetothecinemalastnightamustntgobwouldntgocoughtntgodshouldnthavegone42Everyonethecakebecausetherewasntevenasmallpieceleftamustlikebmusthavelikedcmusthavebeenlikingdhadliked43IwishtorecollectwhereImetherawouldIbmayIcmaynotIdcanI44Ithinkhewilldaretheriskanotbdonotcnotddont4Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtimeitbeactiveamaynotbmustcmightdisnot46Youyourseatstodayifyouwanttogotothegameahadbettertoreservebhadbetterreservechadtobetterreservedhadtoreservebetter47Itheoperationunlessitisabsolutelynecessaryawouldrathernothavebwouldnotratherhadbratherwouldnothavedrathernotwouldhave48Manyscientiststheirowneyesandearsthanthetheoriesoftheancientsawouldrathertobelievebwouldratherbelievecratherwouldbelievedwillratherbelieve49TotravelfromEnglandtoScotlandyouapassportahaventgotbmustnthavecneedntddontneed50Oneofthestatementstobeuntrueaisturnedoutbhasturnedoutchavebeenturnedoutdhaveturnedout51IdontknowwhetheritwillrainornotbutifitrainIshallstayathomeawillbdidcdoesdshall52Youdlikesometeaawouldntyoubshouldntyouchadntyouddidntyou53MaywetakethebooksoutaNoyoumaynotbNoyoucannotcNoyoucantdPleasedont54IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIthatyouwerewaitingadidntknowbhasntknownchadntknowdhaventknown5Ifyoudontwanttoyoutogettherewithusamustntbcantcdonthavedhavenot56IwouldgotovisitthembutIthinktheyareanxioustoseemeahaventbdontcdoesntddidnt57WhateveryoucandoaIcandosoaswellbIcandothisaswellbIcandoitaswelldIcandoaswell58IrealizedtheconsequencesIwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolvedaHadbHavecHavingdHas59PerhapssheisworkingforJohnYessheforhimaneedhavebeenworkingbmaybeworkingboughthavebeenworkingdoughtbeworking60IknowshewasinbecauseIheardherradiobutshedidntopenthedoorShethebellamaynotbehearingbmaynothaveheardbmustnothavehearddmustnotbehearing61HewassmokingThenheaoughttohavebeennotsmokingboughttohavenotbeensmokingboughtnottohavebeensmokingdoughttonothavebeensmoking62YououtyesterdaywithoutacoatNowonderyoucaughtcoldaoughtnthavegonebshouldnthavegonecmustnthavegonedcant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