初中英语动词不定式、动名词常见短语及配套练习（含答案）.doc

初中英语动词不定式、动名词常见短语及配套练习！ 一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况。 1.动词：*以下记住每一个词组的第一个动词。 finish doing sth.完成做某事； enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事； practice doing sth. 练习做某事； imagine doing,想象做某事； avoid doing sth.避免做某事； consider doing sth.考虑做某事； suggest doing sth.建议做某事； mind doing sth.介意做某事； keep doing sth.持续做某事, miss doing错过做, advise doing建议做； keep sb doing让某人一直做 2.固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事； be busy doing sth.忙于做某事； be worth doing 值得做某事； spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难； have fun doing.做某事高兴 3. 介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等)： 如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.； stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.； be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of； what/how about doing sth?做某事怎么样？ 4. to作介词时，后跟动名词的情况： look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth与…相比较更喜欢…； pay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事； make a contribution to doing为…做贡献 5. No+动名词，表示禁令： No smoking禁止吸烟 No parking禁止停车 6. go+动名词，意思是去进行某种活动或运动： go shopping,去购物； go skating,去滑冰； go hiking去远足（旅行） 7. do some/the+动名词，指进行某种活动： do some cleaning,搞卫生； do some washing 洗衣服； 二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况。 1.动词： agree （sb）to do同意去做； afford to do买得起； decide to do决定去做某事； hope to do希望去做； wish （sb）to do希望去做； fail to do做某事失败去； plan to do打算去做； pretend to do假装去做； refuse to do拒绝去做； would like to do想要去做； want （sb）to do想要去做某事； learn to do 学做； prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事； sb. seem to do sth好像做某事； want/would like to do sth. 想做……； used to do sth. 过去常做某事 2.句型： (1)动词： allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事（区分 allow doing sth） ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事） tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事 follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事 get sb. to do sth. 让某人去做某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事） encourage sb to do鼓励某人做 、expect sb to do期待某人做 invite sb to do邀请某人做、teach sb to do教会某人做 advise sb to do建议某人做 （区分下 advise/suggest doing sth） (2) Be+adj（情感类的形容词）+to do be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 be excited to do sth. 对做……感到兴奋 be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事 be glad / happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事 be / get ready to do sth.准备做某事 be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇 （3）动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面。 如： 1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会 2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法 3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间 4、something to eat 一些吃的东西 5、something to drink 一些喝的东西 6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作 如: get / have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会 （4） It’s+形容词（adj.）+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样  分析：形容词（adj.）修饰文中的事情既to do sth时，人前的介词用for ； 但是如果形容词（adj.）修饰文中的人既sb时，人前面的介词用of. 如：①It’s hard for me to learn English well.（句子 hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn english well，意为学好英语难，所以用的介词是for sb.） ②It’s kind of you to help me.（句中kind“善良的”修饰you(人) 意为你善良，所以介词用of sb.） （5）其它的常考情况： It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考） It’s best for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的 It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了 can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地去做某事 too…(for sb.) to …太……以致不能…… （和not… enough to do意思相同） prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿……而不愿……（常考注意：I prefer playing basketball to going fishing .和 I prefer to play basketball rather than go fishing.和I would rather play basketball than go fishing.这三句是同义句） sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易 take turns to do sth. 轮流做…… There is no time (for sb. ) to do sth. 对（某人来说）没时间做某事了 There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. 对某人来说没必要做某事 try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事 三、后既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况。 1、后加不定式或动名词意思相近的动词。 有些动词接动名词V.+ing和动词不定式to do意义相近。 如：like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)，hate(憎恨)，prefer(宁可)，begin(开始)，start(开始)，continue(继续)等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大： 分析： like to do 表示想要做某一具体的动作； like doing 表示一般或抽象的多次动作, 它们在实际使用中区别很小。 2、后加不定式或动名词区别较大的动词： remember to do(记住去做), remember doing(记得做过) ; forget to do(忘记去做), forget doing(忘记做过) ; try to do(设法做) , try doing(试着做) ; go on to do(接着做另一事) , go on doing(继续做同一事) ; stop to do(停下来去做) , stop doing(停止做); can’t help to do(不能帮助做) , can’t help doing(情不自禁做) 。 四、后跟不带to的不定式（动词原形）的情况。 1．在感官动词和使役动词后：feel， hear，listen to，watch，look at，see， notice ，make，let，have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to。 注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。 在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to，也可不带to。 2.助动词或情态动词后：do, did, does, will, shall, would, should, can, may, must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。 3.某些固定句型中： 1）Will（Would）you please（not）．．．？请（不要）做某事好吗？ 2）had better最好做某事 3）Why not．．．？为何不做某事 4) would rather(not)...宁可(不)；宁愿(不)此句型也可以扩展成：would rather...than...=would...rather than...。 5）在祈使语气(或口语)中。 6）接省to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：（使役动词） 1.】make sb do 使某人做 2.】let sb.do让某人做 3.】have sb do使某人做 4.】help sb do \to do帮助某人做 五．既可跟动词原形又可跟动词ing形式的情况。 1. see,watch,hear等动词，后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做： see/watch sb. do sth.看到某人做过(经常做）某事 see/watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事 hear sb. do sth.听到某人做过（经常做）某事 hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事 2. 有些动词具有不同的词义时，用法不同： 如： need需要，必须(既可以做实义动词，也可做情态动词) ①sb need to do某人（做主语）需要做某事 ②sth need doing= sth need to be done某事（做主语）需要被做 如：The bike needs repairing.含被动之意，相当于 The bike needs to be repaired. ③You needn’t(译：不必)come。这里need为情态动词。 3. 动词过去分词作后置定语，有被动之意。 （1）一个叫…的（人，地名），如： a boy called / named Jim. a place called Liaoning. a place called Dayushu. （2）某人写的书，如： a book written by Lu Xun 非谓语动词（不定式和动名词）专练 （ ）1. Mother told her son in the street. A. not play B. to not play C. doesn’t play D. not to play ( ) 2. His wish was a scientist. A. to becomes B. becomes C. become D. to become ( ) 3. It’s raining hard. You’d better . A. go out B. not go out C. not to go out D. to not out ( ) 4. Do you know washing machine? A. where to get B. to where to get C. where get D. to where get ( ) 5. The students don’t know next. A. how to B. what to do C. what do D. do what ( ) 6. Would you mind me how English words? A. telling , to remember B. telling, remember C. tell, to remember D. tell, remember ( ) 7. Mr. Brown asked us to stop , and we stopped him at once. A. talking, to listen to B. to talk, to listen C. talking, listening D. talk, listen ( ) 8. --What are you going to be after you finish college? --I’m going to be a singer, but my parents me to be a doctor. A. hope B. want C. make D. let ( ) 9.-- I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now. --Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework. A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped ( ) 10. ---Do you need to get there before ten? ---No, I . A. don’t have to B. don’t need C. can’t D. mustn’t （ ）11.--- What did you do yesterday? ---I _____ a whole day ____homework. spent; doing B. spend; doing C. spent; to do D. spend; to do ( ) 12. After she finished the letter, she went to bed. A. to write B. writing