中考英语复习专题之被动语态讲解与练习（含答案）.doc

句法之被动语态Grade9Romewasnotbuiltinaday伟业非一日之功被动语态的含义他把门打开了门被打开了哪个是动作的执行者哪个是动作的承受者英语中时态很多但语态不多只有两种即主动语态和被动语态所谓被动语态相当于中文中常说的被由的句式如他的自行车被偷了这座楼房是由他们建造的被动语态的结构HisbicyclewasstolenbyathiefThebuildinghasbeenbuiltbyworkersin2000通过上面的例句可以看出被动语态的构成是bedoneby动作执行者Question1想一想by动作执行者是不是必须的呢HeopenedthedoorThedoorwasopened因为有时候我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要被动语态的运用1不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要Paperismadefromwood纸是由木材生产出来的ThehouseisquiteoldItwasbuiltin1950这座房子太旧了它是1950年建成的Hewaswoundedinthefight他在战斗在受伤了Electricityisusedtorunmachines电是用来开动机器的2需要强调动作的对象时Calculatorcantbeusedinthemathsexam计算器不能用于数学考试Booksandnewspapersinthereadingroommustntbetakenaway阅览室的书籍和报纸不准带走Hewasawardedfirstprizeinthatcontest他在比赛中获得了第一3为了使语气婉转避免提到是谁做的这件事Theconstructionofthenewlabmustbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth新实验室必须在下个月底前完工4说话或发表意见时为了显得客观公正也常用被动语态常用句型Itissaidthat据说Itisreportedthat据报道Itishopedthat希望Itisbelievedthat人们相信ItissaidthatJapansindustrialprogressafterthewarwasveryremarkable据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著如何将主动语态变成被动语态ae0762b624cc699794699dbef8c8fe4585af057b0c744cd54d7da47199bd457c1从句子意义上说就是重新找出什么事物是被完成的例1主动语态人们说英语PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries被动语态例2主动语态我们造这座桥Webuiltthisbridgelastyear被动语态2从语法的角度说把原句的宾语改成主语例1主动语态小王邀请你宾语XiaoLiuhasinvitedyoutoalunchparty被动语态例2主动语态你不准带走杂志宾语Youmustnottakethesemagazinesoutofthereadingroom被动语态例3主动语态他们授给他宾语一枚奖章宾语Theygavehimamedalforhiswonderfulwork被动语态他宾语被授予一枚奖章被动语态一枚奖章宾语被授给了他总结1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语2把谓语动词变为被动结构bedone注意虽然其人称和数随主语的变化而变化但动词的时态保持不变3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语若主语是人称代词则把主格变为宾语by短语可以省略例题精讲例1Childrennotallowtoplayfrighteninggames例2TheGreatWallknowbypeopleallovertheworld例3Allthebuildingsturnintohospitalsrecently例4Howlongcanthesemagazineskeep不同句型的被动语态陈述句改为被动句Hewasmakingamodelplane一般疑问句改为被动句DidMikesteachergivemuchhomeworkyesterday特殊疑问句改为被动句WhenwillJackfinishhishomeworkWhatdidLindasfathermendlastnight各种时态的被动语态一般地讲被动语态可用于英语的各种时态为了能准确地运用被动语态重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化一般现在时amisaredoneOurclassroomcleaneverydayThiscarmakeinChina一般过去时wasweredoneHisdeskcleanjustnowThestationbuildin1928一般将来时AwillshallbedoneBamisaregoingtobedoneSomenewfactoriesbuildinourcitythisyearYourwatchmendinanhour过去将来时1wouldshouldbedone2wasweregoingtobedoneShesaidthatsomenewfactoriesbuildsooninourcityHethoughtthatyourwatchmendafteranhour现在进行时amisarebeingdoneAnewfactorybuildinourcitynowSometreescutdowninthepark过去进行时waswerebeingdoneAnewfactorybuildinourcityatthattimeSomebabieslookafterbyMissChenlastyear现在完成时havehasbeendoneSomenewfactoriesbuildinthecitysincelastyearYourwatchmendalready过去完成时HadbeendoneHesaidthatsomenewfactoriesbuildinthecityIdidntknowthatmywatchmend情态动词情态动词bedoneHecannotbefoundImustbepaidforthis小试身手请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空AspeechgivethisafternoonTheclassroomcleaneverydaySomeeffectivemeasurestakesincelastyearMymothersfavoritevasebreakyesterdayThebookreadfourtimesbytheendoflastsemesterAnamusementparkbuildinourcitynowThetechniciantoldmethatmywatchrepairin1hourTheproblemdiscussthistimeyesterdayHesaidthatheinvitetothepartyThousandsoftreesplantinthisareabytheendofthisyearTheclothesdelivertothepoorareanextmonth被动语态的易错点1带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时既可以将间接宾语转化成主语也可以将直接宾语转化成主语把指人的间接宾语作被动语态的主语指物的直接宾语不动把指物的直接宾语作被动语态的主语间接宾语前加介词to或forShegavemeabook变为被动语态Iwasgivenabookbyher间接宾语me改为了主语Abookwasgiventomebyher直接宾语abook改为了主语以下动词与介词to搭配awardbringgivehandleavelendmailplaypostpromisepassreadreturnrecommend推荐sellsendserve招待showsingtaketeachtellthrowwrite以下动词与介词for搭配boilbookbringbuildbuycallcatchchangechoosecookcutdodrawfetchfindfixgathergetkeepleavemakeorderpickpreparereserve预留singsave小试身手请改写下列句子保持句意不变MyfatherboughtmeaMiniCooper物做主语人做主语Thewaiterhasnotbroughtusthecoffee物做主语人做主语2短语动词的被动语态在变为被动语态时要将短语动词视为一个整体其后的介词或副词不能省去ThisdictionarymustntfromthelibraryAtakeawayBtakenawayCaretakenawayDbetakenawayShewilltakegoodcareofthechildren变被动语态ThechildrenwillbyherSuchathinghasneverbeen这件事前所未闻Theradiohasjustbeen收音机刚刚被关上3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时通常将宾语变为被动句的主语原来的宾语补足语不变成为主语补足语注意省略to的不定式作宾补时不定式符号to必须补上有这种用法的常用动词有一感二听三使使役动词四看feelhearlistentomakelethaveseewatchnoticeobserve一感二听三使四看主动语态to省略被动语态to还原seesbdosth主动语态sbbeseentodo被动语态WecallhimDaming变被动HeDamingSomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday变被动HeswiminQianlingLakeyesterday4不定式的被动结构动词不定式的被动语态为tobedoneTheradiosaysawildanimalzooistoinourcityAbebuildingBbuildCbebuiltDbuiltThechildissuretobethat那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语但仍然放在句子开头Whohasbrokenthecup改为被动语态Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken注意被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别1含义不同被动语态强调动作重点说明动作由谁完成怎样完成而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态试比较Thewindowisbroken窗子破了系表结构Thewindowisbrokenbyhim窗子被他打破了被动语态2用法不同过去分词作表语时可以被soverytoo等程度副词修饰而被动语态则不能用soverytoo修饰而需用muchverymuchsomuchtoomuch修饰试比较Hewasveryinterestedinscience他对科学有极大兴趣系表结构IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidntknowwhattodo我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊不知所措被动语态例题精讲例1ManyaccidentsbycarelessdriverslastyearAarecausedBwerecausedChavecausedDwillcause例2DrivingafterdrinkingwineinChinaAallowsBdoesntallowCisallowedDisntallowed例3ManytreesandflowersinourcityeveryyearAplantedBareplantedCwereplantedDplants牢记相关句型与被动语态相关的句型有1becoveredwith被覆盖2bemadeof由制作发生物理变化bemadefrom由制作发生化学变化bemadein由某地制造bemadeby被某人制造3beusedfor被用来beusedas被当作作为来使用beusedtodosth被用来做某事4Itissaidthat据说Itishopedthat希望Itiswellknownthat众所周知YourcoatlooksniceIsitcottonYesItsShanghaiAmadeofmadebyBmadeofmadeinCmadeformadebyDmadeformadeinThismachineisusedtheroomwetAforkeepingBaskeepingCKeepDtokeeping据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥thatisbeingovertheChangjiangRiverinNanjing被动语态难点1主动表示被动以下是简单句五种基本句式主语不及物动词主语系动词表语主语及物动词宾语主语及物动词双宾语主语及物动词宾语补语被动语态构成形式是及物动词的过去分词而这两种句式没有及物动词所以只能用主动形式表被动意义了也可以说不及物动词和系动词无被动两种句式主语谓语副词不及物动词与状语连用用以表示主语的品质和状态常见的动词是cutsellreadwritefillcooklockwashdrivekeepcleanrunridewear等若有状语welleasilybadly来修饰时用主动形式表达被动意义此类句式用于描述某个事物起来样Thecardriveseasily这辆车开起来容易车本应是被开Thepen这枝钢笔写字流畅Thebook这本书很畅销主语系动词表语形容词系动词用主动表示被动或者可以说无被动Theapple尝起来good两种非谓语动词从语态角度去观察非谓语动词三种形式只有表被动和都是主动形式needwantrequiredeservedoingneedwantrequiredeservetobedone花需要被浇水某事值得做这本书值得被读这部电影值得看有有很多书要我去读我有很多衣服要洗自己洗被别人洗有很多书要读我不能出去复合结构无短语被责备被出租类形容词作表语用的形容词如等后面作状语的不定式且与主语有动宾关系其主动形式表示被动意义当动词不定式作宾补形容词如形容词等的状语又与句子的宾语构成动宾关系时动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义轻重难易贵贱趣酸甜适合与舒适居安思危好方便例句句型解决被动语态难点2无被动的动词1一些表示状态的动词没有被动语态如havebelongto等2不及物动词没有被动语态3系动词没有被动语态课堂练习课堂练习根据要求改写句子1TheheadmasterpraisedBenforhishonesty改为被动语态Benforhishonestytheheadmaster2MotherwillbuyJackanewshirt改为被动语态AnewshirtJackbyMother3Youhadbettertakethewoundedsoldierstohospitalatonce改为被动语态Thewoundedsoldiershadbettertohospitalatonce4Theadultstellthechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver改为被动语态Thechildrennottoswiminthatdeepriver5CansomeagedChineseunderstandRussian改为被动语态CanbysomeagedChinese6Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday改为被动语态Theemployeesweremadetenhoursaday7TheSpringFestivaliswelcomedbytheChineseallovertheworld改为主动语态TheChineseallovertheworldtheSpringFestival8Thepriceofmeathasrisenfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently保持原句意思Thepriceofmeatfromtenyuantofifteenyuanrecently9Thefiremenareusinglongladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildings改为被动语态Longladdersforrescuingpeopleintallbuildingsbythefiremen10Wholooksafterthechildreninthekindergarten改为被动语态Bythechildrenafterinthekindergarten被动语态练习一单选题1PeoplehaverealizedhowimportanttheenvironmentisbuttreesintheworldeveryyearAwerecutdownBcutdownCarecutdownDwillbecutdown24545DidyougotoSamsweekendparty4545NoIAamnotinvitedBwasntinvitedChaventinvitedDdidntinvite3ThevillageisbuildingaschoolIhopeitbeforeAugustthisyearAfinishesBwillfinishCisfinishedDwillbefinished44545Idontsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit4545WellsurprisinglytheydoAmanhasbeenarrestedandnowAhasbeenquestionedBisbeingquestionedCisquestioningDhasquestioned54545Whydidyougotoworkbybusyesterday4545BecausemycaratthegarageBecausemycaratthegarageAisrepairedBhasbeenrepairedCwillberepairedDwasbeingrepaired6Inthepasttenyearsalotofnewbuildingsinourcity6InthepasttenyearsalotofnewbuildingsinourcityAwereputupBhaveputupChavebeenputDhavebeenputup74545Doyoubelievetherearealiens4545ImafraidnotIdontthinkaliensinspaceAcanfindBcanbefoundCcanbefoundedDcantbefound8AbeautifulpicturethechildrenbytheteacherintheclassroomyesterdayAwereshownBwereshowntoCwasshownDwasshownto9ThestudentscopythenewwordstentimesbeforetheywenthomeAweremadeBweremadetoCwasmadeDwasmadeto10MarydomorningexercisesontheplaygroundAsawtoBwassawtoCwasseentoDwasseen11ThiskindofpantswellandmanyyoungpeoplelikeitverymuchAsellsBaresoldCissoldDsell12ItthataconcertinBeijingnextmonthAreportsholdBreportedholdCisreportedwillholdDisreportedwillbeheld13PeoplehavecometoknowthattheirhealthmustApaymoreattentionBpaymoreattentiontoCbepaidmoreattentionDbepaidmoreattentionto14GonewiththewindisagoodbookandistwiceAworthbeingreadBworthreadingCworthtoreadDworthread15TheflowersneedtwiceadayAwateringBtowaterCwaterDwatered二用动词的适当形式填空1WhydontwechoosethatroadtosavetimeThebridgetoitrepair2Amanwasheardcryforhelplastnight3TheOlympicGamesholdinBeijingin20084IfIgiveonemorehourtomorrowIwillfinishtheworkontimeworkontime5MarywasseenwatchTVwhenwepassedby6Tokeepsafeeveryonesupposewearaseatbeltinthecar7DadthephoneisringingIguesseitheryouorMumwantonthephone8ThePeoplesRepublicofChinafoundonOctober11949三完成句子1众所周知第二次世界大战在1939年爆发WorldWarIIin19392那个穿着黑色衣服的人喝醉了Themanwho3据报道那个在沙漠里迷路的科学家被人救了thescientistwhointhedesert4在日本你进屋前应该脱鞋InJapanyoutakeoffyourshoesbeforeenteringInJapanyoutakeoffyourshoesbeforeenteringtheroom5那幅画值得好好保管takecareofThepicture6这个电脑属于汤姆需要修理一下ThecomputerTomandneeds直击中考1ThebookstothelibrarytheotherdayAwerereturnedBreturnedCwillreturnDwillbereturned24545WhichTshirtdoyouprefer4545TheredoneItmorecomfortableAtastesBsmellsCfeelsDsounds3TheyoungmanwasoftenseenbythelakeAtodrawBtodrawingCdrawDdrew4TheywontbebackuntiltheworkAdoBdoesCisdoneDwilldo5TodaycomputersinbothcitiesandtownsAwereusingBwereusedCareusedDareusing被动语态巩固练习一单选题1ThesameinformationreadoronthewebsiteAcanbelistenedtoBcanbelistenedCcanlistenDcanlistento2IfyouseethecartoonfilmsyouwilllaughAbemadeBmakeCmaketoDbemadeto3AlthoughSpudWebbheneverArefusedgaveupBrefusesgivesupCwasrefusedgotupDwasrefusedgaveup4tohavethemeetingAIfisntdecidedBWhenhasntdecidedCWhetherisntdecidedDHowhasntdecided5WhyareyouleavingyourjobIcantstanditanylongerIalwaystoworkovertimeAamaskingBamaskedCwasaskingDwasasked6WeknowLaoShethePeoplesArtistAwasnamedBnamesCtonameDname7NowwastefromdailylifeinthecityofShanghaitobeseparatedintofourdifferentgroupsAisrequiringBisrequiredCwasrequiredDrequired8DontplaywiththesetoysuntilyourhomeworkAisfinishedBfinishedCtofinishDfinish9ImgladtofindthatmanytreesinourcitylastyearAplantBplantedCwereplantedDareplanted10Ameetingon5GtechnologyinJiangbeiNewDistrictlastmonthAheldBwasheldCwillholdDwillbeheld二填空题11Atalkonstudygiveattheendofeverytermatschool12LittleWomenwaswbyLouisaMayAlcottanAmericanlady13Thatmountainiscoverwithsnowalltheyearround14Snacksanddrinkscanbuyfromvendingmachinesoneachfloorofthehotel15Heatkeepundertheglassandcanuseasenergyforeachhouse16Thespaceshipwasdamagebecauseofacrash17Thebabypandatakecareofbythekeeper18ThestoryoftheredcrownedcranewriteinmemoryofXuXiujuan19Theshipwaslockintheiceduringthewholewinter20Atschoolitisnotallowtousemobilephonesinclass21Jerrywillsendtohospitalinafewminutes22ThesecakeeatalreadybyMary23Theclockcanrepairhere2445Itssaidthatthereisalwayssomethingmysterioushappeninginthesmallmountainvillage45IveheardofitAnditnameMysteryVillagenextyear25ThenextOlympicGamesholdinRiodeJaneiroin201626Thetreesmayplantatothertimesoftheyear27DontworryYourpackagekeephereuntilyoucomebacksoenjoyshoppinghere28Themeetingholdthisafternoon29Theyshouldhelpwhentheyaresick30Boysandgirlsyourhomeworkmusthandinafterclass31AfterNewChinawasfoundpeoplelivedahappylife32Weknewthattheyoungmanwaschargewithstealingbikeslastyear33Luckilywastepollutionhaspaymoreattentionto34Thehousewilllookalittlebiggerifitswallspaintblueorwhite35DontwatchTVplaysuntilyourhomeworkisfinish36ThetelephoneinventbyAlexanderGrahamBellin187637TheirteamnameStarsofVictorytohopeforsuccess38Thecinemaweusedtogototurnintoahotelbythegovernmentintwoyears39Tomwashappythathechoosetobecaptainofthebasketballteam40Theoldmanwasquiteweakaftertheaccidentsohemusttakegoodcareof三单词拼写词汇运用41Computerswere发明notlongagobuttheyareveryusefulforus42Its报道thatthirtyonebraveyoungmenwerekilledinabigforestfireinSichuan43QianXuesenis认为asFatherofMissile导弹inChina44TheSpringFestivalisc庆祝inmanyAsiancountries45Thericewas误以为forthewheatjustnow46Thecarrunstoofastitsspeedneedtobe控制47Itsnot允许totakethebooksoutofthelibrary48Mypursewas偷bysomeoneIcannotbuyitnow49Amanwas射击intheleg50LastweekProfessorLiwas邀请tomakeaspeechonChinesetraditionalfestivals答案解析部分一单选题1答案A2答案D3答案D4答案C5答案B6答案A7答案B8答案A9答案C10答案B二填空题11答案isgiven12答案written13答案covered14答案bebought15答案iskeptbeused16答案damaged17答案istaken18答案waswritten19答案locked20答案allowed21答案besent22答案hasbeeneaten23答案berepaired24答案willbenamed25答案willbeheld26答案beplanted27答案willbekept28答案willbeheld29答案behelped30答案behanded31答案founded32答案charged33答案beenpaid34答案arepainted35答案finished36答案wasinvented37答案wasnamed38答案willbeturned39答案waschosen40答案betaken三单词拼写词汇运用41答案invented42答案reported43答案considered44答案celebrated45答案mistaken46答案controlled47答案allowed48答案stolen49答案shot50答案invited