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初中英语六大时态知识点用法总结.doc

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熱吻柔骨 上传于:2024-07-18
一、动词分类 be动词:am、is、are....... 保持系动词:keep、stay、remain 1. 系动词 变化系动词:go、get、turn、become 感官系动词:feel、sound、smell、look、taste Tips: ①系动词与adj.搭配 eg. look happy/unhappy、keep/stay healthy ②感官系动词翻译为“...起来”, eg. sounds great 听起来很棒 sound 表示听起来,hear强调听到的结果;listen强调听的动作; look 表示看起来,see强调看到的结果;watch强调看的动作 2. 实义动词(行为动词) 及物动词Vt. 不及物动词 Vi. Tips: ① Vt.可直接加宾语(名词或者其他) ② Vi.必须加介词再在加宾语(名词或其他)(Vi.+prep.+宾语.);也可以直接单独使用,不加成分 ③ 实义动词(行为动词)可以由副词adv.修饰 3. 助动词 do、does、did 情态动词 can、should、may、shall、must... 用法:情态动词后用动词原形 动词常考用法:1. What does he/she look like?=How does she/he look? 2. He looks happily at me. 他很开心的看着我。 3. He looks so happy. 他看起来很开心。 第一句look为行为动词,表示“看”这个动作,且是不及物动词,因为其后有介词at,修饰行为动词用副词,所以将形容词happy变为副词happily。 第二句look翻译为“看起来”,是感官系动词,所以由形容词happy修饰即可。 二、一般现在时 一般现在时定义:表示经常性、习惯性的动作或者状态、特征或客观真理。 用法类型: 1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作,经常与频率副词连用。频率副词(从大到小):always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never(用法:位于行为动词前、be动词和助动词后) eg. He often plays basketball. 2. 客观事实、普遍真理 eg. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 3. 名言警句 eg. Bad news travels fast. 4. 预定时刻(飞机/火车等时刻、课程安排时间、电影开演时间...) eg. The train leaves at 7.pm. 5. 主将从现 (主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时) 常考:if/as soon as/before/after eg. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go fishing together. 6. Here/there 引导的倒装句 eg. Here comes the bus. 句子结构: be动词 肯定句 主语 am/is/are 其他. 否定句 主语 am/is/are not 其他. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are 主语 其他? 回答 Yes/No 主语+am/is/are not. 助动词 肯定句 主语 v./v.(-s/-es) 其他. 否定句 主语 do/does not+v.原形 其他. 一般疑问句 Do/Does 主语+v.原形 其他? 回答 Yes/No, 主语+does/do/don’t/doesn’t. Tips: 其他常见的分为三种:形容词adj. eg. I am good. 名词n. eg. I am a good student. 介词短语 eg. I am in the classroom. 动词第三人称单数变化规则: ① 一般在词尾加-s。eg. plays ② 以辅音加y结尾,变y为i,加-es。eg. study-studies ③ 以x、s、ch、sh结尾,加-es。eg. watch-watches ④ 以辅音加o结尾,加-es。eg. go-goes 特例:have-has 否定句和疑问句的改写原则:有be提be;有情提情;无情无be请求助。 三、现在进行时 定义:表示现在正在做的事或是这个阶段正在进行或从事的动作。 eg. We are having lessons now. The teacher is teaching us English these days. 动词现在分词变化形式: ①直:一般情况下,直接在词尾加-ing。eg. working ②去:去掉词尾不发音的e,再加-ing。 eg. riding ③双:词尾重读闭音节,双写辅音字母再加-ing。 eg.shopping ④改:以ie结尾的重读闭音节,改ie为y加-ing。 eg.die-dying lie-lying 用法类型: 1. 现在正在做的事(一般带有时间标志词) eg. now、 at the moment、listen、look、at present、at this time...... 2. 现阶段正在做的事情,但是此时此刻不一定正在做(these days、recently) eg. I am doing exercise these days. I am reading books recently. ★下列动词一般不能用现在进行时: ①感官系动词:look sound smell feel taste ②表喜欢或厌恶的词:like love hate dislike ③表希望的动词:want would like ④表状态的动词:be ⑤表归属或需要的动词:have own need ⑥表思维、知识或理解能力的动词:know think forget 四、一般将来时 定义:表示将来某一时段的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 句子结构: be动词 行为动词 肯定 主语+will be; 主语+is/am/are going to be 主语+will+V原; 主语+is/am/are going to+V原 否定 主语+will not(won’t) be; 主语+isn’t/am not/aren’t going to be 主语+will not(won’t)+V原; 主语+isn’t/am not/aren’t going to+V原 疑问 will+主语+be; is/am/are+主语+gong to be will+主语+V原; is/am/are+主语+gong to+V原 Shall we/I +V原 用法类型: 1. be going to do,will do,shall do的区别: will的用法: ①表示将要发生的动作或状态 eg. We hope the doctors and nurses in Health center will help the people in need. Millie will be free this afternoon. ②表示客观上势必发生的事情 eg. Amanda's brother will be four years old next year. be going to的用法: ①表示长期的计划、打算 eg.He is going to be a postman when he grows up. ②表示根据客观迹象推测将要发生的事 eg.Look! There are many clouds in the sky. Itis going to rain soon. shall的用法: shall do用于第一人称,表示包含听话人在内。 eg. Shall we meet at 7:00 tomorrow? (注:这样的情况下只能用shall,因为这个we包含听话人在内) 2.与反义疑问句相结合: eg. There is going to be a sports meeting next Wednesday, isnt there? 【注意】there be句型的将来时:there will be和there is/are going to be 3.主将从现 eg. If the weather is fine tomorrow, we will go fishing together. If we work hard, our dreams can come true. If it rains this afternoon, please take your umbrella with me. if引导条件状语从句时,时态上遵循“主将从/祈/情现”的原则。 ①(If you)think hard, and you will find a way out. ②(If you)don’t think hard, and you will not find a way out. 条件句的转换:含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句可用“祈使句, and/or…”结构改为并列句,and +好结果,or+坏结果。 4.现进表将来:come, go, arrive, leave, start/begin,die eg. Christmas is coming. Mr. Smith is leaving for Beijing this evening. 5.一般现在时表将来:预定时刻(飞机/火车时刻、课程安排时间、电影开演时间...) eg. The train leaves at 7.pm. 五、一般过去时 定义:表示过去某时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 用法类型: 1.表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状。 eg.we visited a park last Sunday. 2.表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。(常考used to do sth.过去常常做某事 ) When I was a student,I used to play football with my classmates. 补: get/be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 eg. I used to go to school by bus,but I am/get used to going by bike. be used to do sth.被用来做某事 eg.Pumpkin is used to make pumpkin lantern. 3.与一般过去时连用的过去时间状语 at that time, then, at that moment… yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…) last night (week, month, year…) 一段时间+ago (several/two days ago, a week ago, three years ago , long long ago…) in +过去的年份 (in 1997…) just now, the other day(前几天) 六、过去进行时 定义:过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作. eg.I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 用法类型: 1.过去进行时表示过去某一段时间或某一时刻正在进行的动作。 常与之连用的时间状语有: at that time/moment, (at) this time yesterday (last night/Sunday/week…), at+点钟+yesterday (last night / Sunday…),when sb. did sth等时间状语从句 eg. What were you doing at 7p.m. yesterday? I first met Mary three years ago. She was working at a book shop at that time.    I was cooking when she knocked at the door. 2.when/while/as用法(引导时间状语从句) when可接长动作,也可接短动作。 while只可以接长动作。 ①在某事进行的过程中突然发生某事(主短从长,既可以用when,也可用while): eg. The earthquake happened when/while I was sleeping. The telephone rang when/while I was sweeping the floor. ②在某事发生的时候,某人正在做某事。(主长从短,只用when) eg. I was sleeping when the earthquake happened. He was putting in a light when I entered the room. ③两个人各干各的事情,互不相干。(主长从长,只用while) eg. My mother was cooking while my father was watching TV. as用法: ①表示“一边...,一边...” eg.The students took notes as they listened. ②表示“随着...发生” eg.As time went on / by, she became more and more beautiful. ③表示两个短暂行为或事情几乎同时发生 eg.I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. ④接名词表示某一个年龄段时 eg.As a little boy (When he was a little boy), he began to learn to play the piano. 3.the next ...表示过去时态(next...表示将来时态) eg.His dream came true the next year. 4.一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较及区别: ① 一般过去时表示“在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态” ② 过去进行时则表示“在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作”。 eg. Tom wrote a letter to his friend last night. (信写完了)   Tom was writing a letter to his friend last night. (信不一定写完) 七、现在完成时 定义:过去的动作或状态持续到现在,或对现在造成的影响,可能持续发生下去。 句子结构:   be动词 行为动词 肯定 主语+have/has been 主语+have/has+过去分词 否定 主语+haven't/hasn't been 主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词 疑问 have/has+主语+been have/has+主语+过去分词 过去分词规则变化: 1.一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”。 eg. work---worked---worked visit---visited---visited 2.以“e”结尾的动词,在词尾加“d”。 eg. live---lived 3.以“
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