岩土工程专业英语单词表.doc

专 业 外 语 一。综合类 geotechnical engineering岩土工程 foundation engineering基础工程 soil, earth土 soil mechanics土力学 cyclic loading周期荷载 unloading卸载 reloading再加载 viscoelastic found粘弹性地基 viscous damping粘滞阻尼 shear modulus剪切模量 soil dynamics土动力学 stress path应力路径 土的分类 residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位 groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位 clay minerals粘土矿物 secondary minerals次生矿物 landslides滑坡 bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图 engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察 boulder漂石 cobble卵石 gravel砂石 gravelly sand砾砂 coarse sand粗砂 medium sand中砂 fine sand细砂 silty sand粉土 clayey soil粘性土 clay粘土 silty clay粉质粘土 silt粉土 sandy silt砂质粉土 clayey silt粘质粉土 saturated soil饱和土 unsaturated soil非饱和土 fill (soil)填土 土的基本物理力学性质 cc Compression index cu undrained shear strength cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0 (cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively cvane cohesive strength from vane test e0 natural void ratio Ip plasticity index K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ2 K0’ do main for effective stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’ K0n K0 for normally consolidated state K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively N blow count ,standard penetration test OCR over-consolidation ratio pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test p0 effective overburden pressure p s specific cone penetration resistance ,from static cone test qu unconfined compressive strength U,Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen u ,ub ,um pore pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1 ‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal stresses 渗透性和渗流 Darcy’s law 　达西定律 piping管涌 flowing soil流土 sand boiling砂沸 flow net流网 seepage渗透（流） leakage渗流 seepage (force) pressure渗透压力 permeability渗透性 hydraulic gradient水力梯度 coefficient of permeability渗透系数 五．地基应力和变形 soft soil软土 (negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力 effective stress有效应力total stress总应力 field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度 low activity低活性 sensitivity灵敏度 triaxial test三轴试验 foundation design基础设计 recompaction再压缩 bearing capacity承载力 soil mass土体 contact pressure接触应力 concentrated load集中荷载 a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体 homogeneous均质 isotropic各向同性 strip footing条基 square spread footing方形独立基础 underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土） dead load =sustained load恒载 持续荷载 live load活载 short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载 long-term transient load长期荷载 reduced load折算荷载 settlement沉降deformation变形 casing套管 dike=dyke堤（防） clay fraction粘粒粒组 physical properties物理性质 subgrade路基 well-graded soil级配良好土 poorly-graded soil级配不良土 sieve筛子 Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件 FEM=finite element method有限元法 limit equilibrium method极限平衡法 pore water pressure孔隙水压力 preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力 modulus of compressibility压缩模量 coefficent of compressibility压缩系数 compression index压缩指数 swelling index回弹指数 geostatic stress自重应力 additional stress附加应力 total stress总应力 final settlement最终沉降 slip line滑动线 六．基坑开挖与降水 excavation开挖（挖方） dewatering（基坑）降水 failure of foundation基坑失稳 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起 retaining wall挡土墙 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布 dewatering method降低地下水位法 well point system井点系统（轻型） deep well point深井点 vacuum well point真空井点 braced cuts支撑围护 braced excavation支撑开挖 braced sheeting支撑挡板 七．深基础　deep foundation pile foundation桩基础 cast –in-place灌注桩  diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 bored pile钻孔桩 special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩 piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩 rammed bulb pile夯扩桩 belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础  drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩 under-reamed bored pier precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩 steel pile钢桩 steel pipe pile钢管桩 　　steel sheet pile钢板桩 prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩 prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩 caisson foundation沉井（箱） diaphragm wall地下连续墙　截水墙 friction pile摩擦桩 end-bearing pile端承桩 (pile)shaft桩身 wave equation analysis波动方程分析 pile caps承台（桩帽） bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力 lateral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验 ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力 static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验 vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力 low pile cap低桩承台 high-rise pile cap高桩承台 vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力 silent piling静力压桩 uplift pile抗拔桩 anti-slide pile抗滑桩 pile groups群桩 efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η） efficiency of pile groups群桩效应 dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术 final set最后贯入度 dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验 pile integrity test桩的完整性试验 pile head=butt桩头 pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头） pile spacing桩距 pile plan桩位布置图 arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置 group action群桩作用 end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻 skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻 pile cushion桩垫 pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动） pile pulling test拔桩试验 pile shoe桩靴 pile noise打桩噪音 pile rig打桩机 八．地基处理（ground treatment） technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范 cushion垫层法 preloading预压法 dynamic compaction强夯法 dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法 vibroflotation method振冲法 sand-gravel pile砂石桩 pile-stone column砂石桩 cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩 cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩 cement column水泥桩 lime pile (lime column)石灰桩 jet grouting高压喷射注浆法 rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法 lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩 lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩 lime soil pile灰土挤密桩 chemical stabilization化学加固法 surface compaction 　表层压实法 surcharge preloading超载预压法 vacuum preloading真空预压法 sand wick袋装砂井 geofabric ,geotextile土工织物 composite foundation复合地基 reinforcement method加筋法 dewatering method降低地下水固结法 freezing and h