动词和动词词组
【考点诠释】
对表示状态变化的系动词的考查
英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有 get , turn , turn out (结果是……), go , come (成为), fall , become 等。
【考例】 The number of giant pandas is getting ______ because their living areas are becoming farmlands. (年江苏盐城)
A. less and less B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. fewer and fewer
【解析】 答案为C。句意为“大熊猫的数量越来越少因为他们的生存空间正逐渐变成农场”。本题中四个选项都是“比较级+ and + 比较级”的结构,表示“越来越……”。主语为number,只能和large或small搭配。
--I am getting ___each month. I can't put on my jeans.
--I'm afraid you have to take exercise every day. [河南省]
A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest
[答案]B。[解析]本题考查形容词的比较级。根据句意要用比较级而heavy的比较级是heavier,故选B。
【考例】The food in that restaurant ____delicious,but it tastes bad. [沈阳市]
A. looks B.feels C becomes D.gets
[答案]A。[解析]从下句but it tastes bad,“但尝起来很差”,可推知选A:那家餐馆的食物看起来不错。
【考例】一What do you think of the music,Fred?一It ________wonderful.[台州市]
A.smells B. looks. C.tastes D.sounds
[答案]D。 [解析]系动词的用法常见的系动词有四个“起来”(smell,look,taste,sound),四个“变得”(turn,grow,become,get)以及feel,be等。音乐应该是“听起来”,其余三项不合句意。
—It is said that no one bought that kind of fruit.一That's true.It tasted_________.[浙江]
A.good B.terrible C.well D.terribly
答案:B解析:根据第一个人说“据说没人买那种水果”可知,它尝起来不好吃。taste是连系动词,其后接形容词。
一Do you know the final of men's singles will be played between Wang Liqin and Ma Lin?
——Yes.I felt ____when I heard the ________news. [黄冈]
A.exciting;excited B.excited;exciting C.exciting;exciting D.excited;excited
答案:B解析:当主语是人时,要用excited来修饰;用来修饰物时,要用exciting,故选B。
Hi,mum.Have you cooked fish for dinner? I can ____it.[ 河南]
A.taste B. smell C.feel D.touch
55.答案:B解析:由句意“妈妈,你做好鱼了吗?”故“我能闻到昧了”,应选B。
【考例】.Hi, mum. Have you cooked fish for dinner? I can _________it. [河南省]
A. taste B. smell C. feel D. touch
[答案]B。[解析]本题考查词义辨析。因为是问妈妈是否做了鱼,如果看到、尝到鱼了,就不会这么怀疑了。 smell是闻到的意思。
二、对表示状态存在的系动词的考查
常见的有 be, seem, appear, look, feel, smell, sound, keep, taste, remain, prove, stay, lie (处于某种状态), stand (处于某种状态)等。
【考例】Carl felt _______because he won the first prize in the school singing competition. [安徽省]
A. interested B. proud C. angry D. worried
[答案]B 。[解析]考查形容词词义。根据句意“获奖是值得高兴、自豪的事情”,应选proud。
三、对动词的考查
【考例】After they passed their exams, they __by having a party.[沈阳市]
A. succeeded B.celebrated C.prepared D.received
[答案]B 。[解析]由于通过了考试,所以他们通过聚会的方式来庆祝,celebrate庆祝。
I am sure that he is________ a lie. [广东省]
A. saying B. talking C. speaking D. telling
[答案]D。[解析]本题考查四个“说”动词的区别say强调说话的内容;talk为不及物动词,意为“交谈”;speak后接某种语言时为及物动词,作“说话,发言”讲时为不及物动词;tell为及物动词,当“告诉,讲,说” 等,经常和story,lie等连用,构成“讲故事”、“说谎”等短语,故本题选D。
How long does it __________ you to wash all the dishes? [成都市]
A. take B. use C. spend
[答案]A。[解析]本题考查词义辨析。“干某事用了某人多少时间” 用spend或take。而spend主语必须是人根据it takes sb some time to do sth结构可知应选A。
I visited many places including the History Museum last Saturday; When I_________ at the hotel, it was very late. [太原市]
A. got B. reached C. arrived
[答案]C。[解析]本题考查三个“到达”的用法。get后接地点名词时要加介词to;reach是及物动词,其后可以直接跟地点名词;arrive是不及物动词,后接地点是“小地方”时可与 at连用;后接地点是“大地方”时可与介词in连用。此题空格后有介词at,故应该选C。
I am greatly interested in this painting. Something in it ______the painter's deep love for nature. [河南省]
A. expresses B. discusses C. expects D. imagines
[答案]A。[解析]本题考查词义辨析。 express有“表达”的意思,符合本题的要求。
In the 49 world Table Tennis Championship(锦标赛),Wang Liqin________ Ma Linand ________the champion(冠军)of the Men's Singles.[芜湖市]
A.beat; beat B. won;won C beat; won D.won; beat
[答案]C。[解析]考查易混词的辨析 动词beat后跟人或球队等,而win后则跟比赛、奖项等。
9.一why do Chinese people like red?
——Because they think it can __________them good luck.[浙江省]
A.carry B. bring C. make D.take
[答案]B。[解析]考查carry,take与bring的区别carry搬,携带;bring带来;make制作,使;take带走,由句意“因为他们认为它能给他们带来幸运”,故选bring。
对动词词组的考查
动词短语是高考考查的一个热点,几乎每套题中都要设置2-3个考查动词短语的。从题设上看,主要有以下几种形式:
1.不同的动词,后面加上相同的小品词
使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go,get,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over,等。
1)动词+away构成的短语有:
throw away扔掉;put away把……收拾好;give away捐赠,分发;carry away运走;run
away,潜逃;跑开;go away走开等。
【考例】
2)动词+for构成的短语有:
answer for负责;provide for供养;call for提倡,要求;plan for打算,为……计划;hope for希望,期待;ask for请求,寻找;需要;send for派人去请;go for努力获取;pay for偿还,
赔偿;wait for等待;look for寻找等。
【考例】
3)动词+on构成的短语有:
Try on试穿,试验;put on穿上,上演;have on穿着,戴着;pull on穿,戴;hold on不
挂断,停止;carry on继续开展,坚持;keep on继续;go on继续;get on上(车、船);come on赶快等。
【考例】
4)动词+over构成的短语有:
come over过来;hand over移交;go over仔细检查,复习;get over克服,恢复;look over检查;think over仔细考虑;take over接受,接管;turn over翻转等。
【考例】
5)动词+up构成的短语有:
bring up抚育,培养;call up召唤,打电话给;come up走进,上来;cut up切碎:fix up. 修理;give up放弃;go up上升,增长;grow up长大;look up尊敬;向上看;查寻;make up虚构;弥补,组成;put up举起,搭建;pick up捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到;set up建立,创(纪录);send up发射;show up揭露,露面;turn up出现,把……调高一点;’take up占据,开始从事等。
【考例】She has to _______some of her hobbies because she has no time to spend on them. [太原市]
A. give up B. look up C. pick up
[答案]A 。[解析]本题主要考查动词短语的用法。A项是“放弃”,B项是“抬头看;查询”,C项是“捡起”。根据后句意思:她没有时间花费在他们身上。推知空格处应选择“放弃”。
[临沂]
More and more foreigners want to ________their companies in China.
A.open up B.look up C.clean up D.pick up
52.答案:A解析:open up意为“成立”,look up意为“查找;cleanup意为“打扫于净";pick up意为“捡起”。用open up 最合适。故选A。
6)动词+out构成的短语有:
go out出去,熄灭;look out留神,当心;walk out走出;set out出发,开始:put out扑灭,生产;give out发出,发表;hand out分发;pick out挑选:find out找出,发现;speak
out大声地说出;turn out生产,打扫;get out出去,离开;work out计算出,解决,锻炼;
carry out实现,执行;bring out出版,start out出发,动身等。
2.同一个动词。后面加上不同的小品词(即介词或副词):
常见的这些动词有:break,die,call,cut,come,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。
1)break+介词/副词的短语有:
break down击败,摧毁;发生故障,(身体)垮掉;break out爆发;break through突破,突围;break off中断,突然停止;break up打碎;分解;驱散;break in打断;break into破门而人;break away突然离开;逃脱;脱离等。
2)bring+介词的短语有:
bring about使发生;bring back拿回来,使恢复;bring down打倒,降低;bring in引进;bring out出版,生产;bring up培养,养育;bring over使相信,征服等。
3)call+介词/副词的短语有:
call after以……的名字命名;call back叫回,召回,使回忆起;call up征召入伍,给某人打电话,使想起;call on号召,拜访某人.call in召集;call off取消等。
4)come+介词/副词的短语有:
come in进来;come from;来自于……;come about产生;come over过来:come out出来,出现;come by从旁经过;come up上来,走进;come across偶遇;come along发生,进步;come after跟着……来;come back回来;come around恢复知觉;回来;come down下来,倒塌等。
【考例】
5)cut+介词的短语有:
cut in插嘴,插入;cut across抄近路;cut back减少;cut o