八上英语期末复习学案（10单元知识点整理）.doc

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 短语： go on vacation stay at home go to the mountains go to the beach visit museums go to summer camp quite a few study for go out most of the time taste good have a good time of course feel like go shopping in the past walk around too many because of one bowl of find out go on take photos something important up and down come up 语法： Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City. Did you go out with anyone? No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father. How was the food? Everything tasted really good. Did everyone have a good time? Oh，yes. Everything was excellent. 惯用法： 1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来…… 3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于…… 16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事 18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 词语辨析： anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。 anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can’t find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 2. seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum. decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave. 4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin . x k b 1. c o m 创办，开办： He started a new shop last month. 机器开动： I can’t start my car. 出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning. 5. over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old. 在…之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard. 超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world. 6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much. much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast. 分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。 7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。 He can’t take a walk because of the rain. because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。 I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. Unit 2 How often do you exercise? 短语： help with housework go shopping on weekends how often hardly ever once a week twice a month go to the movies every day use the Internet be free have dance and piano lessons swing dance play tennis stay up late at least go to bed early play sports be good for go camping in one’s free time not….at all the most popular such as go to the dentistmore than old habits the hard less than 语法要点： What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise. What do they do on weekends? They often help with housework. What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping. How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month. How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV. Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping. 惯用法：www .Xkb 1.coM 1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事 2. How about…? ….怎么样？/ ….好不好？ 3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 ….有多少….. 5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 …发现… 6. It’s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的 7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事 9. by doing sth. 通过做某事 10. What’s your favorite…..? 你最喜欢的……是什么？ 11 start doing sth. 开始做某事 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 词语辨析： 1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。 How often do you play sports? Three times a week. how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。 How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler? how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time. I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。 The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。 How
come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party? stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night. go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty. find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years. 9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。 I’m afraid we can’t come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。 Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of asking question. I’m afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： I’m afraid I have to go now. 10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别： sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。 Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up? sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when. I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week? some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times. I have read the story some times. -------How many times have y
ou read the story? some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long. I ‘ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here? Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister 句型： Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. That’s Tara, isn’t it? Are you as friendly as your sister? I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. 短语归纳： 1. more outgoing 2. as...as... 3. the singing competition 4. the most important 5. be talented in music 6. the same as 7. care about 8. be different from 9. be like a mirror 10. as long as 11. bring out 12. get better grade 13. reach for 14. touch one’s heart 15. in fact 16. make friends 17. be good at 18. the other 19. be similar to 20. be good with 短语用法： 1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 2. want to do sth. 想要做某事 3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与…一样… 4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 5. make sb. Do sth. 让某人做某事 6. It’s+ 形容词 + for sb. To do sth.. 对某人来说，做某事是……的 . You must:: ．be a middle school student ．have good grades in English ．be good with children ．be outgoing Call the English Study Center at 442-5667 for more information. A: So who do you think should get the job, Jenny or Jill? B: Well,Jenny is smarter. I think she should get the job. A: Jenny is smarter, but I think Jill is more outgoing. 词语辨析： laugh v. & n. 笑 We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。 We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。 He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。 （与at连用）嘲笑 Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。 People have often laughed at stories told by seamen. 人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。 Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。 笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。 though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = although Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。 Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。 注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如： Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误） though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。 Jim said that he would come, he didn’t , though. 语法讲解： 形容词与副词的比较级 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1．规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法  原级  比较级  最高级   一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est  tall（高的） great（巨大的）  taller greater  tallest greatest   以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节 词只加-r，-st  nice（好的） large（大的）  nicer larger  nicest largest   以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅 音字母，再加-er，-est  big（大的） hot（热的）  bigger hotter  biggest hottest   “以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er， -est  easy（容易的） busy（忙的）  easier busier  easiest busiest   少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est  clever（聪明的） narrow（窄的）  cleverer narrower  cleverest narrowest   其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级  important（重要的） easily（容易地）  more important more easily  most important most easily   2．不规则变化 原级  比较级  最高级   good（好的）well（健康的）  better  best   bad（坏的）ill（有病的）  worse  worst   old（老的）  older/elder  oldest/eldest   much/many（多的）  more  most   little（少的）  less  least   far（远的）  farther/further  farthest/furthest   根据句意填入单词的正确形式： 1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me. 2. Tom is as ________(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Mary’s hair is as __________(long) as Lucy’s. 7.Ben ______ (jump) ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 8.______ Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _____. 9.Fangfang is not as _________ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are __________(big) than ________ (she).. 11.Which is __________(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _________(early),Tim or Tom? 13._____the girls get up_______(early) than the boys?No,they______. 14. Jim runs _____(slow). But Ben runs _____(slow). 15.The child doesn’t______(write) as ____(fast) as the students. Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater 句型： It has the biggest screens. The DJs choose songs the most carefuuly. How do you like it so far? 到目前为止，你认为它怎么样？ Thanks forget telling me. Can I ask you some questions? 短语： so far 到目前为止，迄今为止 no problem 没什么，别客气 have….in common 有相同特征（想法、兴趣等方面）相同 be up to 是….的职责 all kinds of ….. 各种各样的…… play a role 发挥作用，有影响 make up 编造（故事、谎言等） for example 例如 take …..seriously 认真对待 not everybody 并不是每个人 close to 离….近 more and more 越来越…… 常用法： Can I ask you some……. How do you like……. 你认为……怎么样 Thanks for doing sth. What do you think of …….. much + 形容词或副词比较级 …….得多 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事 play a role in doing sth. 发挥做某事的作用 one of +可数名词复数 …. . 之一 …… 语法： What’s the best movie theater to go to ? Town Cinema. It’s the closest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there? Which is the worst clothes store in town? Dream Clothes. It’s worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service. What do you think of 970 AM? I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst music. Unite 5 Do you want to a game show? 短语： find out be ready to dress up take sb. place do a good job think of game show learn from talk show soap opera go on watch a movie one of….. watch a movie try one’s best a pair of as famous as look like around the world have a discussion about one day such as a symbol of something enjoyable interesting information 句型： ---- What do you think of talk shows ? ---- I don’t mind them. I hope to be a TV reporter one day. How about you? 常用法： let sb. do sth. plan to do sth. hope to do sth. happen to do sth. expect to do sth. How about doing…… be ready to do sth. try one’s best to do sth. 语法： Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I don’t. What can you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of Our Past. What do you expect to learn from sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes. Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out what’s going on around the world. What do you think of talk shows? I don’t mind them./ I can’t stand them!/ I love watching them! 1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析 the other 表示特指两个或者两部份中的另一个或另一部分，可直接单数名词或复数名词。表示两个中的一个……另一个……时，常用one …the other…。例： He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor. There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys. the others 特指某一范围内的其他的（人或物），是the other的复数形式，相当于the other+复数名词。the other + 复数名词 = any other + 名词单数。例： You two stay here, the others go with me. I’m different from Jeff because I’m louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class. other 作代词或形容词，可修饰可数名词单数或复数。例： We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects. others 作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例： Some students are doing homework,others are talking loudly. another 泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。例：I don’t like this one. Please show me another one. 3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing. 4. go on 发生，与 take place 同义 I wonder what was going on. 翻译：隔壁发生了什么？ happen v.发生，一般指偶然发生，主语为事，不能为人。 Sth. + happens to sb. A traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday. Sth. + happens + 地点/时间，意为：某地 / 某时发生了某事 An accident happened on Park Street. happen v，表示“碰巧”，主语可以是人，后常跟动词不定式to,表示“碰巧……”. Sb. + happens to do sth. I happened to see my uncle on the street. * take place 意为“发生，举行，举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例： Great changes have taken place in China. The meeting will take place next Friday. expect v. 期待，盼望，预期，后常接四种结构： 1)expect + 名词/代词，期待某事/某人，预计……可能发生。 I’m expecting Li Lin’s letter. 2)expect to do sth. 预计做某事 Lily expects to come back next week. 3)expect sb. to do sth. I expect my mother to come back early. 4)expect + 从句 预计…… I expected that I’ll come back next Monday. 7. serious a. 严肃的，认真的。 He is a serious man. be serious about sb/sth. 对某人/某事当真 Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her. be serious about doing sth. 对某事当真 ____He’s serious about selling his house. Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science 短语： grow up every day be sure about make sure send…to… be able to the meaning of different kinds of the meaning of in common at the beginning of write down have to do with take up hardly ever too…to… 短语用法： want to do sth. be going to + 动词原形 practice doing sth. keep on doing sth. learn to do sth. finish doing sth promise to do sth. help sb. to do sth. remember to do sth. agree to do sth. love to do sth. be going to 的用法 be going to + 动词原形——表示将来的打算、计划或安排。常与表示将来的tomorrow, next year等时间状语或when 引导的时间状语从句连用。各种句式变换都借助be 动词完成，be随主语有am, is, are 的变换，going to 后接动词原形。 肯定句： 主语 + be going to + 动词原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there. 否定句： 主语 + be not going to + 动词原形 + 其他 I’m not going to see my frien
ds this weekend. 一般疑问句： Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他 肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + be. 否定回答： No, 主语 + be not. Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am. / No, I’m not. 特殊疑问句： 疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 其他？ What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends? 2) 如果表示计划去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地点 We are going to Beijing for a holiday. 3) 表示位置移动的动词，如go , come, leave 等常用进行时表示将来。 The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing next week. 4) be going to 与 will 的区别： ① 对未来事情的预测用“ will + 动词原形”表达，will 没有人称和数的变化，变否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者缩略式won’t, 变一般疑问句将will 提至 句首。 Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they won’t. ②will 常表示说话人相信或希望要发生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定发生，常表示事情很快就要发生。 I believe Lucy will be a great doctor. ③ 陈述将来的某个事实用will. I will ten years old next year. ④表示现在巨大将来要做的事情用 will. I’m tired I will go to bed. ⑤ 表示意愿用will. I’ll tell you the truth. ⑥ 表示计划、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will. I’m going to buy a computer this month. ---Let’s discuss the plan, shall we? ----Not now. I ______ to an interview. A. go B. went C. am going D. was going ------Jack is busy packing luggage. ---Yes. He _________for America on vacation. A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been away 1. promise vt. 保证，许诺。有三种结构： 1) promise to do sth. _____My mother promised to buy a piano for me. 2) promise sb. sth. _____ My aunt promised me a bike. 3) promise + that 从句_____ Tom promises that he can return on time. promise n. 允诺， 诺言 Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise. 2.when 与 while 的区别： when 表示“当…时候”，既指时间点，又指一段时间，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性的也可以是延续性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talking. When she arrives, I’ll call you. while 表示“当…时候”，仅指一段时间，从句中的动作必须是延续性的，一般强调主从句的动作同时发生， while 还可以作并列连词，意为“ 而、却”，表示对比关系。 Lisa was singing while her mother was playing piano. Tom is strong while his younger brother is week. 3. practice vt. 练习， 后接名词，代词或v-ing 作宾语。 Your elder sister is practicing the guitar in the room. 常跟v-ing 作宾语的动词有： 考虑建议盼原谅：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon. 承认推迟没得想： admit, delay / put off, fancy. 避免错过继续练：avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice. 否认完成能欣赏： deny, finish, enjoy, appreciate. 不禁介意与逃亡： can’t help , mind, escape. wwW .x kB 1.c Om 不准冒险凭想象： forbid, risk, imagine. 4. everyday 与 every day 区别 everyday adj. 每天的 在句中作定语，位于名词前。 This is our everyday homework. every day 副词短语， 在句中作状语，位于句首或句末。 He reads books every day. Unit 7 Will people have robots? 短语： on computers on paper live to be 200 years old free time in danger on the earth play a part in sth space station look for computer programmer in the future huandreds of the same…as over and over again get bored wake up look like fall down 用法： will + 动词原形 将要做 fewer / more + 可数名词复数 更少/更多… less/more + 不可数名词 更少/更多 try to do sth. 尽力做某事 have to do sth 不得不做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 suc
h + 名词（词组） 如此 play a part in doing sth 参与做某事 make sb do sth 让某人做某事 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事 There will be + 主语 + 其他 将会有…. There is/are + sb. + doing sth 有…正在做… It is + 形容词 + for sb + to do sth 做某事对某人来说…的 用more, less,fewer 填空。 1. In the future, there will be ________fresh water because there will be _______pollution in the sea. 2. In 100 years, there will be ______cars because there will be _______people in the cities. 3. There w