小学六年级英语知识点总结.docx

  小学六年级英语知识点总结 一 学生易错词汇 1. a, an的选择 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a. 2. am , is , are的选择 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的选择 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用 have . 4. there is, there are 的选择 表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are. 5. some, any 的选择 肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any. 6. 疑问词的选择 what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱) 二 形容词比较级详解 当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是 什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如 I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.) 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是 ① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer , ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier ④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter 注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西. 典型错误 My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.) 比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性. 应该改为 My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair. 比较级专项练习 一,从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River (2) How is Mr Green He's 175cm. (3) How are your feet I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish It's 2kg. 三 动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有 A,规则动词 ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed 如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d 如 lived , danced , used ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式 sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt 四 动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则 ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有 running , swimming , sitting , getting 五 人称代词与物主代词 一、人称代词 人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you 第三人称 he him they them she her it it 二、物主代词           数         人称 类别 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二人称 第三 人称 形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的 六 句型专项归类 1.肯定句 是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如 I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12 00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2,否定句 含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如 I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12 00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意 小结 否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" . 3,一般疑问句 是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答. 如 Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not. Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.) Will he eat lunch at 12 00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't). Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. 注意 小结 一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上, ①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可. ②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可. 这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的. 4,特殊疑问句 以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答.如 What is this It's a computer. What does he do He's a doctor. Where are you going I'm going to Beijing. Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike. Which season do you like best Summer. When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6 30. Whose skirt is this It's Amy's. Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees. How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy. How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train. 其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如 how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重) 例句 How many pencils do you have I have three pencils. How many girls can you see I can see four girls. How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51. 小结 how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配, How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少…… How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少…… How many + 名词复数 + are there… 有多少…… 七 完全,缩略形式 I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not 总结 通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can't=can not) 八 小学英语词汇不完全归类表 学习用品(school things) pen钢笔pencil铅笔 pencil-case铅笔盒 ruler尺子 book书 bag包 comic book漫画书 post card明信片 newspaper报纸 schoolbag书包 eraser橡皮 crayon蜡笔 story-book故事书 notebook笔记本 Chinese book语文书 English book英语书 人体(body) foot(feet)脚 head头 face脸 hair头发 nose鼻子 mouth嘴 eye眼睛 ear耳朵 arm手臂 hand手 finger手指 leg腿 tail尾巴 颜色(colours) red红 blue蓝 yellow黄 green绿 white白 black黑 pink粉红 purple紫orange橙brown棕 动物(animals) cat猫 dog狗 pig猪 duck鸭 rabbit兔 horse马 elephant大象 ant蚂蚁 fish鱼 bird鸟snake蛇 mouse老鼠 kangaroo袋鼠 monkey猴 panda熊猫 bear熊 lion狮子 tiger老虎 fox狐狸 zebra斑马 deer鹿 giraffe长颈鹿lamb小羊 sheep绵羊 goat山羊 cow奶牛 donkey驴 人物(people) friend朋友 boy男孩 girl女孩 mother母亲 father父亲 sister姐妹 brother兄弟 uncle叔叔;舅舅 man男人 woman女人 Mr.先生 Miss小姐 mom妈妈 dad爸爸 parents父母 grandparents祖父母 grandma/grandmother(外)祖母 grandpa/grandfather(外)祖父 aunt姑姑 cousin堂(表)兄弟;堂(表)姐妹 son儿子 daughter女儿 baby婴儿children儿童 classmate同学 queen女王 student大学生 people人物 职业(jobs) teacher教师 student学生 doctor医生 nurse护士 driver司机 farmer农民 singer歌唱家 writer作家 actor男演员 actress女演员 artist画家 TV reporter电视台记者 policeman(男)警察 cleaner清洁工 police警察 食品,饮料(food & drink) rice米饭 bread面包 beef牛肉 milk牛奶 water水 egg蛋 fish鱼 cake蛋糕 hot dog热狗 hamburger汉堡包 French fries炸薯条 cookie曲奇 饼干 jam果酱 noodles面条 meat肉 chicken鸡肉 meat 肉 mutton羊肉 vegetable蔬菜 soup汤 ice冰 ice-cream冰淇淋 Coke可乐 juice果汁 tea茶 coffee咖啡 breakfast早餐 lunch午餐 dinner/supper晚餐 水果,蔬菜(fruit & vegetables) apple苹果 banana香蕉 pear梨 orange橙 watermelon西瓜 grape葡萄 eggplant茄子 green beans青豆 tomato西红柿 potato土豆 peach桃 strawberry草莓 onion洋葱 carrot胡萝卜 cabbage卷心菜 衣服(clothes) jacket夹克衫 shirt衬衫 T-shirt丅恤衫 skirt短裙子 dress连衣裙 jeans牛仔裤 pants长裤 socks袜子 shoes鞋子 sweater毛衣 coat上衣 raincoat雨衣 shorts短裤 slippers拖鞋 sandals凉鞋 boots靴子 hat(有沿的)帽子 cap便帽 sunglasses太阳镜 scarf围巾gloves手套 交通工具(vehicles) bike自行车 bus公共汽车 train火车 boat小船 ship轮船 car小汽车 taxi出租车 jeep吉普车 truck卡车 plane/airplane飞机 杂物(other things) window窗户 door门 desk课桌 chair椅子 bed床 computer计算机 board写字板 light灯 teacher's desk讲台 picture图画;照片 photo照片 wall墙壁 floor地板 closet壁橱 end table床头柜 football/soccer足球 walkman随身听 lamp台灯 （on the） phone电话 table桌子 TV电视 key钥匙 lock锁chart图表 plate盘子 knife刀 spoon勺子 chopsticks筷子gift礼物 toy玩具 doll洋娃娃 ball球 balloon气球 kite风筝 box盒子 umbrella伞 violin小提琴 yo-yo溜溜球 hole洞 tube管子 toothbrush牙刷 e-mail电子邮件 traffic light交通灯 money钱 地点(locations) home家 room房间 bedroom卧室 bathroom卫生间 living room起居室 kitchen厨房 classroom教室 school学校 park公园 library图书馆 post office邮局 police office警察局 hospital医院 bookstore书店 farm农场 zoo动物园 garden花园 study书房 playground操场 teacher's office教师办公室 library图书馆 gym体育馆 washroom卫生间 computer room计算机教室 music room音乐教室 TV room电视机房 the Great Wa