GET和CET6作文辅导

CET-6和GET作文复习纲要 第一部分 篇章 学生习作中常见问题是内容不充实，分段不科学，篇章结构不清楚，缺乏条理，容易跑题。所以应根据文章要求，仔细审题、构思，同时掌握各种过渡词，做到层次分明，连贯性好。 为了使文章思想连贯，即从一个思想顺利、自然过渡到另一个思想，写作中常需要使用某个衔接性的词语，能起这种作用的连词、副词或词组统称为过渡词。常见过渡词如下： 表示时间过渡词 afterward, at present, at the same time, currently, in the meantime, lately, meanwhile, recently, since, then, soon, soon after, today At present/ Currently/ Today/ Recently/ Lately, more and more people are realizing the importance of protecting our environment. Meanwhile/ In the meantime/ At the same time, students should have more free time for reading. 表示顺序的过渡词 first/ first of all,… second,…lastly,…; Firstly,… secondly,…, lastly,… ; to begin with/ in the first place,… next,… finally,… 这组过渡词既可表叙事顺序，也可表论述层次。这里的first和second是副词，不是序数词，前面不能加定冠词。first表论述层次也不能用at first（起先，开始）。实际使用过程可灵活掌握，主要结合补充过渡词用。 表补充的过渡词 besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition, what is more, most important of all, last but least The house is too small, and furthermore, it's too far from the city./ The house is too small; furthermore, it's too far from the city. Obviously computers are becoming more and more popular. There are several reasons for this. First, computers facilitate us in many aspects of life. Second/Also/In addition, the fast development of the Internet enlarges our demands for using computers. We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. Besides/Lastly, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them. 表原因、理由和结果的过渡词 because (conj.), because of (prep.), due to (prep.), accordingly, as a result, consequently, so, therefore, thus Because of/ Due to/ Owing to/ science, we now live safer, more comfortable and convenient. The supply exceeds the demand. As a result, the price is declining. It is important to have good plans if we want to be successful. In this way/ For this reason/ Consequently, it is most important to have a good beginning whenever we want to accomplish something. 表转折或对照 尽管despite, in spite of(+n.);但是 however, nevertheless; 而，然而while, whereas; on the contrary, in contrast, conversely; on the one hand,…on the other hand,…; for one thing,…for another,… Despite/ In spite of all the difficulties, a college education is till our best passport to success. However/nevertheless, television can also be harmful to our health. Some people like it, while (whereas) others hate it. 表示例证 for example, for instance, that is(to say), namely, such as, from...to... Many countries, for example, Mexico and Japan, have a lot of earthquakes. Take our university for instance/example. His spelling is terrible. For example, look at this word. （不能用such as） I visited several cities such as New York, Chicago, and Boston. such as 与for example/for instance的区别用法。such as 用于列举（例如...,象这种的），后面接名词，名词后不能接etc.。如以下错误： His spelling is terrible. such as, look at this word. I have such hobbies as dancing, singing, etc. 表示部分 some people…, and other people; some…, others,…, and still others,… Some people like to play football, and others are fond of basketball. 表示总结 In a word, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in my opinion, to sum up, generally speaking To sum up, we've achieved a lot, but we still need to work harder. 第二部分 段落 段落是写作的重要部分。学生写作中段落问题主要表现为主题不明显，内容杂乱、单薄，跑题等。阅卷员主要通过主题句及扩展方式形成总体印象，所以掌握段落主题句、发展句写作方法至关重要。 主题句和发展句 段落主要特点为：一个段落只有一个主题，包含一个支配思想；主题句一般在句首，有时在句尾；所有发展句必须服务于主题句；如有必要，以结论句重述段落主题。段落写作的基本方法是扩张（演绎）和收缩（归纳）。如扩张法先总后分： In our daily life, there are many occasions on which we should not hesitate to refuse when asked for help. For one thing, when it is beyond our ability, we should give a direct reply “no”. For another, when the thing we are asked for is unreasonable or even illegal, we should say “no” without hesitation. 本段中第一句为主题句，many occasions是支配思想， for one thing,… for another,…是发展句，结论句省略。 归纳法是先分后总，如： An early morning walk can help one to keep fit and work efficiently. It can change one’s mood and make one’s life happier. I think that everyone, young or old, female or male, should get up early and take morning walks. Taking early morning walks makes a man healthy and wise. 主题句是最后一句，围绕其支配思想…makes a man healthy and wise，前面用了两个发展句。 主题句、发展句写作常用句式 段落围绕主题句展开方式有很多种，取决于写作的文体及作者的风格。以下着重介绍适用于议论文、说明文和记叙文三种文体的主题句及其段落展开法（即举例法、描述法、因果法、定义法、比较法和分类法）常用句式。（黑体字部分为主题句，斜体词引导部分为发展句） 1. 提出现象 ... has become a hot topic among people recently. As we all know, the general public has been debating whether… is a blessing or a curse. There is a heated debate over...(sth.). With the explosion of knowledge came public concern over the effects of new discoveries and technologies随着 ……，公众对……产生关注 The cloning of an animal in 1997 raised concerns that humanity might be moving toward a “brave new world” of genetically engineered people. ……引起关注 ...has/have caused much controversy. ……引起争议 2. 表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this. 2）The reasons for this are as follows. 3）The reasons why teaching English is not linguistic imperialism are stated in the following. 4）The reason for this is that... Another reason for sth. (why 从句）is that... 5）The question is a significant one, not just because you will encounter it, in some form, as part of a job interview, along with other “open-ended” queries designed to uncover your understanding of the position and of the suitability of your qualifications. 表示重要性 常用词：important, significant, urgent, essential, crucial, critical, etc. an important cross-cutting issue贯穿各领域的重要问题 recognizes the importance (of sth. for sth.)承认(……对……)的重要性 It is critical that we...我们必须…… pose a significant challenge to 带来重大挑战 be integral to sth./ doing sth. 对……必不可少 be a vital part of...是必不可少的一部分 1）College education is a must for professional growth and for good quality of life. (be a must for sth.) 2）… plays an important role/is of great importance in all aspects of social life. (play an important role in…起重要作用) 3）… is critical to the success of your business. (be critical/crucial/essential to sth.对……至关重要) 4) The question is a significant （重要的）one, not just because you will encounter it as part of a job interview... The question is also important to consider in preparing your resume and application letter--documents crucial to creating possible interviews. 5) The new findings highlight the urgent need for（迫切需要） strong policy action which will help existing smokers to quit, and ensure that others never start. 6) In Washington, the Obama administration welcomed the new report, with the president's science adviser, John P. Holdren, calling it "yet another wake-up call （警钟）to the global community that we must act together swiftly and aggressively（立即采取强有力行动） in order to stem climate change and avoid its worst impacts." 7) The new report comes just a month before international delegates convene in Lima, Peru, in an effort to devise a new global treaty or other agreement to limit emissions, and it makes clear the urgency of their task（任务的紧迫性）. 8) Appearing at a news conference in Copenhagen Sunday morning to unveil the report, the United Nations secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, issued an urgent appeal for strong action （对采取强有力的行动发出紧急呼吁）in Lima. 4. 表示影响 The anti-Vietnam protests of the sixties and early seventies brought forth (引起) quite another kind of song. Recordings have impact/effect on （影响）our perceptions. Whatever the direct