牛津译林版(2020)必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance 单元单词学案（无答案）.doc

必修三 第一单元单词学案 1.harm n.&vt. 伤害，损害 do sb./sth. harm = do harm to... 对……有害 do sb./sth. good = do good to... 对……有好处 do sb./sth. wrong = do wrong to... 冤枉某人 Excessive drinking will do you a lot of harm. 饮酒过度非常不利于健康。 What he did ____________________________. 他的所作所为损害了他的形象 harm one's reputation/image 损害某人的声誉/形象 What he did __________________________. 他的所作所为损害了他的形象。 be harmful to... 对……有害 be harmless to... 对……无害 __________ can _______________ the health of your children. 你吸烟对你的孩子们的健康有害 .单句语法填空 (1). Staring at the screen of the computer for a long time will do harm ________ your eyes. (2). Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are ___________ (harm)to ocean animals. (3). The treatment did him more_________ than good, though the doctor insisted it was __________ .(harm) 2.soil n. 土壤;国土,领土,土地 3.ecosystem n. 生态系统 4.overseas adj. / adv. 海外的,国外的 overseas students/markets 海外留学生/市场 overseas Chinese 海外华人 live overseas/go overseas 在国外生活/出国 He has returned to South Africa __________________________. 他结束了漫长的海外旅行回到南非。 If you're staying for more than three months or ___________________, a full 10-year passport is required. 在国外工作或居留3个月以上，需要持10年期的护照。 5.region n. 地区,区域;行政区 in the region of （表示不确切的数字等）大约，差不多 同义词： approximately We divide into pairs and each pair takes a region  我们分成两人一组，每一组负责一个区域。 He earns somewhere ________________________$50000. 他每年大约赚5万美元。 6.continent n. 大陆，陆地，洲 continental adj.大陆的，洲的 the South American continent 南美大陆 7.million n. 一百万;许多,大量 It is reported that several million people are starving in the world because of the shortage of food. millions of 数百万 6 million 六百万 one in a million 万里挑一的人/物；不同寻常的人/物 学法点拨： (1).当hundred, thousand, million, billion 以及dozen, score等以复数形式存在时，表示泛指的数量，其后要加of，但前面不能用表示具体数量的词修饰。 (2).当hundred, thousand, million, billion以及dozen, score等以单数形式存在时，其前常用表示具体数量的词或several, some, many, a few等修饰。 巩固练习 ①. The local government brought in ________________ (五百万) dollars last year to develop the economy. ②. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that _______________(数百万人) pour in every year. ③. The ______________(三百) workers on strike were surprised to see that __________________ (数千)people were on the street to support them. 8.length n. 长,长度;时间的长短;篇幅,（电影）片长 We have already discussed this matter at length. 。 “You owe me an explanation,” he said at length. at length 详尽地；=in detail; 充分地；最后；终于 in length 在长度上 go to great lengths (to do sth.) 尽一切可能/不遗余力(做某事) for a length of time 相当长的一段时间 two meters in _______________________ = two meters long/wide/high/deep 两米长/宽/高/深 Each class is _________________________. 每一节课为45分钟。 单句语法填空 ①. The fish can grow to_________ length of four feet. ②. The___________ (long) of your talk must be at least 10 minutes. ③. Can you help me ___________(length) this skirt? 完成句子: ④. The broad river is 300 miles ___________(在长度上). ⑤. He told us how he had worked out the budget ____________(最后). ⑥. We will_________________ (尽一切可能)to help you out of trouble. 9. biodiversity n. 生物多样性 10.species n. （pl. species）种,物种 11.nut n. 坚果 12.lily n. 百合花 13.variety n. 不同种类;变化,多样性;变种,变体 a great/wide/large variety of 各种各样的 varieties of 各种各样的 This tool can be used ___________________. 这个工具有多种用途。 ________________________ are used, each for a different kind of fish. 各种各样的鱼钩被使用，每种对应不同种类的鱼。 学法点拨： (1). a variety of 中的variety 可用 great, large, huge, wide等词修饰。a variety of = varieties of,后可跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。 (2). “a variety of +复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；“the variety of+复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 拓展归纳 vary vi.变化；改变 vary with 随着……而变化 vary in 在……方面变化/不同 vary from..to..…从……到……变化 vary between… and.…在……和……之间变化 various adj.各种各样的；各种不同的 variously adv.各种各样地 单句语法填空 (1). Rooms vary ___________ size and some are equipped with televisions and telephones. (2). The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss ________(vary) issues. (3). The island offers such a wide __________(vary) of scenery and wildlife. (4). Every solid object will reflect a sound, _____________(vary) according to the size and nature of the object. 14.beneath prep. 在……下面,在……下放;配不上 ①.在那幅画的下方 _____________ the painting ②.被白雪覆盖的大地 the earth lying beneath a blanket of snow ③.他们认为__________ They thought she had married beneath her. 15.mass n. / adj. 大量;团,块,堆;一大群 / 大批的,广泛的 (1). adj.大批的，广泛的 a mass marketing campaign ________________ weapons of mass destruction ________________ Their latest product is ______________________________. 他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。 (2). n. 大量；团，块，堆；一大群 a mass of / masses of 大量,许多 the mass of.………中的大多数 the masses 群众 a huge mass of data 大量资料 the mass market 大众市场 the mass media 大众传媒 __________________ books were sent to Project Hope. 大量的书籍被送往了希望工程。 The sky was full of dark masses of clouds. The reforms are supported by the mass of the population. 完成句子 ①. He was popular with the rich but failed to win the support of _______________________（民众）. ②. The reforms are unpopular with___________________________(大多数教师). ③. Now that you have______________（一大堆的工作) to do, you don't have to help me with the housework. ④. Some countries are faced with ____________(大批人失业的问题) 单句语法填空 ⑤. Masses of evidence _____________(show)that the major cause of the accident is his carelessness, and a mass of citizens (be) _____ in favor of this idea. 16.towering adj. 高大的,高耸的;出色的 高大的古老阔叶林 towering _______________ 出色的表演 _______________________ tower vi. tower over/ above 高于；超过；胜过；远远超过 He towered over all his classmates. 他的个儿比班里其他同学都要高。 17.hardwood n. 阔叶树;硬材（阔叶树的木材） 18.living n. / adj. 生计,谋生;生活方式 / 活着的,活的;在使用的 (1). adj.活着的；活的；在使用的 living organisms 活的机体 all living things 所有生物 (2). n.生计，谋生；生活方式 earn/make a living 谋生 earn one's living 谋生 living conditions/standards 生活条件/水准 辨析比较 live, alive, living 与 lively live: 意为“活着的；健在的”，一般指物；还可表示“现场直播的”，做定语或表语 alive : 意为“活着”，既可指人也可指物，多做表语、后置定语或宾补 living: 意为“活的；活着的”。the living 活着的人 lively: 意为“活泼的，生气勃勃的；(思想)活跃的；(描写等)生动有趣的”。 a lively boy 一个活泼的男孩 people alive 活着的人 a lively discussion 热烈的讨论 live animals 活动物 live music 现场演奏的音乐 选词填空：living/alive/live/lively (1). He was buried __________in the earthquake. (2). The cat was playing with a___________ mouse. (3). The _____________are more important to us than the dead. (4). All the soldiers were killed in the battle. He was the only man ________________. (5). It will be the biggest _______________ concert that we have ever seen. (6). The lessons given by Miss Li are always _______________ and interesting. 19.mammal n. 哺乳动物 20.jaguar n. 美洲豹,美洲虎 21.survive (1). vi.生存；存活 survive on … 依靠……生存 survive from 从……中存活下来 I can't imagine how he could ____________________________. 我无法想象他是如何靠他那微薄的薪水维持生活的。 (2). vt. 幸存；幸免于难；比...活的时间长 常见搭配：survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来 A survive(s) B by... A 比B多活…… He was the only person to ____________ _. 他是这次事故的唯一幸存者。 She _________________ ten years. 她比她的丈夫多活了10年。 After he survived the earthquake, the old man became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy. 单句语法填空 (1). Mastering some basic skills greatly increases your chances of _______________(survive). (2). Last week, thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in__________(survive) the terrible flood and they were the only two ______________ (survive). (3). My grandma passed away last year and she survived my grandpa ______________ ten years. 22.frog n. 青蛙 23.in turn 相应地，转而，反过来；轮流; 依次 Theory is based on practice and ____________serves practice. 理论是建立在实践的基础上，反过来为实践服务。 The children called out their names _______________. 孩子们依次自报姓名。 归纳拓展: in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 take turns to do sth./ (at) doing sth. 轮流做某事 It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。 It will be in Tom's turn to be on duty tomorrow. 明天轮到汤姆值日。 We take turns making/to make dinner. 我们轮流做饭。 It's your turn to clean the blackboard. 轮到你擦黑板了。 学法点拨: by turns是“交替；轮流”的意思，多指两个人或两个行为之间的交替进行；如果表示“按顺序”则应该用in turn。 单句语法填空 ①. We clean the classroom every week _______ turn. ②. ____________ is my turn to clean the room. ③. They took turns _____________ (look) after their parents. ④. It's my turn ___________(deliver) a speech in public. ⑤. They took care of their sick father _________________ turns. 完成句子 ⑥. Thus they have, ____________________________(接着)，become the most important animals on the planet. ⑦. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this ________________(反过来) creates more problems. 24.insect n. 昆虫 25.microorganism n. 微生物 26.break down 使分解；使变化；(机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉；(情感等)失控；(谈判等)失败；破坏，消除 （1). (使)分解 Enzymes in the stomach break our food down into useful substances. (2). (机器或车辆)出故障，坏掉 Our car broke down all of a sudden on the road. （3). (身体）垮掉，被搞垮 If Tim carries on working like this, he'll break down sooner or later. (4). (讨论、谈判等)失败；破裂 She was unwilling to stay in America after her marriage broke down. (5). 消除，驱除(人与人之间的隔阂等) It takes a long time to break down prejudices. break away (from) 脱离，背叛 break out 爆发 break in 打断(谈话) ; 插嘴，打断；破门而入 break through 突破；克服 break into 破门而入 break up 解散；结束; 分手 写出句中 break down的含义 ①. Martin Luther King tried to break down racial discrimination. _________ ②. Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. ______ ③. Men are left idle when machines break down. ________ ④. You will break down if you take on more work than you can. ________ ⑤. Peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached. _______ 单句语法填空 ⑥. Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break_____________ in disasters. ⑦. As she was talking, he suddenly broke _____________, saying, “That's a lie!” ⑧. They had escaped to America before the war broke ______________ ⑨. At last the moon broke ________________ the clouds and they could see their way. 27.nutrient n. 营养素,营养物 28.breathe life into 给……带来起色,注入活力 come to life 苏醒过来；变得更有趣 give one's life to do sth./for sth. 为(做)某事献出生命 devote one's life to (doing) sth. 致力于(做)某事 lead/live a(n) ..life 过着…日子/生活 The doctor told her to breathe in deeply and then breathe out. He gave his life for the cause of peace. We need some new people to breathe life into this project. ①. 神话就是靠想象来赋予生命的。 Myths are made for the imagination to __________________________ them. ②. 他为拯救藏羚羊献出了生命。 He had _______________________________ to save the Tibetan antelope. ③. 过了很长时间，伤员才苏醒过来。 The injured _________________________________ after a long time. ④. 他致力于教育生活在山区的孩子们。 He__________________________________ the children who lived in the mountainous areas. 29.carbon n. 碳 30.oxygen n. 氧气 31.thus adv. 因此,从此;这样 The universities have expanded, thus _____________(allow) many more people the chance of higher education. We do not own the building. Thus, we can't sell it. He hurt his leg and thus failed to get there on time. 32.disappear vi. 不复存在,灭绝,消亡;消失,失踪 从视线中消失 disappear from view/sight 消失在远处 disappear in the distance disappear behind/into 消失在……后/中 disappear gradually 逐渐消失 The plane disappeared behind clouds. 飞机消失在云层后。 David watched the train until _____________________________. 戴维一直看着火车从视线中消失。 单句语法填空 ①. They watched the bus until it ____________(disappear) in the distance. 完成句子 ②. 那个陌生人消失在黑暗中。That stranger______________________ the dark. 33.due to 由于,因为 due to=because of=as a result of=on account of= owing to Our sports meeting had to be put off due to the heavy rain. 归纳拓展: (be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人 be due to do sth. 预定做某事 I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。 The next train is due to arrive in five minutes. 下一趟火车预计五分钟之后到达。 (be) due to sb. 应支付/给予/归于某人 be due to do sth. 预定做某事 I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. The next train is due to arrive in five minutes. 单句语法填空 (1). Her failure in the speech was largely due_________ her nervousness. (2). Mistakes due to __________ (careless) may cause serious problems. (3) .The sports meeting, originally due to ____________(hold) last Friday, was finally called off because of the bad weather. 34.agriculture n. 农业,农学 35.cattle n. 牛 36.impact n. / vi. & vt. 影响,作用;撞击,冲撞 / 有影响;冲击 (1). n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 have an impact/effect/influence on... 对...有着影响 have/ make a great/deep impact on 对……有重大/深远影响 the impact of..……的影响 The teacher's words always have a deep impact on the future of the students. We become to realize the environmental impact of tourism. (2). vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 impact on/upon 对……产生影响 Her father's death impacted greatly on/upon her childhood years. 单句语法填空 ①. Every teardown has ____________ impact on the look and feel of a community. ②. Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact _____________ the recession. ③. One of the most basic core values is honesty. It _____________ (impact) our entire life: our jobs, our relationships, our own feelings about ourselves and the actions we take. 37.extinction n. 灭绝,绝种 38.damage vt. / n. 损坏,破坏;损害,伤害 (1). n.[U]损坏，破坏；损害，伤害 do/cause damage to 对……造成损害 The thunderstorm didn't do much damage. The terrifying earthquake ________________________ a lot of buildings. 可怕的地震对许多建筑物造成了严重破坏。 (2). vt.损坏，破坏；损害，伤害 damage sb.'s career/reputation 损害某人的事业/名誉 Smoking ________________ his health. 吸烟严重地损害了他的健康。 Several buildings were damaged by the earthquake. 几幢建筑物受到地震破坏。 词语辨析: damage ,destroy 与ruin damage: 指损害人或物而使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观，但这种破坏具有可修复性。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词。 destroy：常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的破坏、毁坏，程度较深；也可以指希望、计划等打破。只能用作动词，名词为 destruction。 ruin： 指以自然力或人为力量破坏，使其“荒废，毁坏”以致无法恢复原状，强调该物的使用价值发生了问题。可以作名词，也可以作动词。常用短语是in ruins,表示“毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪” 单句语法填空 ①. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _____________(damage) seriously. ②. When a volcano is active, it sometimes explodes and does/causes great damage ___ the nearby towns. ③. Damage _____________(cause) by the earthquake disaster can't be ignored. 完成句子 ④. The accident __________________________(对……造成了一些损坏) my car, but it was nothing serious. ⑤. He won't do anything that may___________________________ (损害他的名誉). 辨析填空: (ruin/damage/destroy) ⑥. The school was completely ______________________by fire. ⑦. The boys skirted (绕开，避开) the field so as not to__________________ the crops. ⑧. It rained for several weeks, completely ___________________________our holiday. 39.climate n. 气候;倾向,风气 40.build up 逐渐增加,扩大 语块积累 build on在...的基础上发展 make up 弥补；构成；编造 take up 占据；开始从事 wake up 醒来 pick up 捡起；学会；搭载 set up建立，创立 bring up 抚养 clear up 打扫；放晴 come up 上升；被提及；出现 put up 举起；张贴；留宿；建立 stay up 深夜不睡；熬夜 写出句中 build up的含义 ①. It takes time and lots of effort to build up trust. But we manage it in the end. _________________ ②. Taking exercise helps us build up our bodies and keep a clear mind. _________________ 单句语法填空 ③. Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build _______ one's strength, but also develop one's character. 完成句子 ④. These chemicals in the food supply______________ (堆积，增加) in people's bodies over time. ⑤. He does weight training to_____________(增加)his physical strength. 41.global adj. 全球的;全面的 42.greenhouse n. 温室,暖房 43.gas n. 气体;煤气;汽油 44.drought n. 旱灾,久旱 45.come up with 想出,想到 46.call for （公开）要求,需要 47.application n. 应用,运用;申请 job application 求职申请 an application form 申请表 归纳拓展: (1). apply (applied; applied) v.申请；应用；使用；勤奋工作；努力学习 make an application (to ...) for ... (向……)申请…… apply (to...)for... (向……)申请…… apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply sth. to… 把某物应用于……；把某物涂到…… apply oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于/专心于(做)某事 (2). applicant n.申请人 单句语法填空 (1). Now researchers are applying scientific methods ___________ the study of the art. (2). John and hundreds of young people like him are applying ____________the post of the typist. (3). Now a lot of new technologies can be applied to____________ (solve) problems in industry. (4). The new technology, if _________(apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output. (5).To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of (apply) to attend the opening ceremony. 48.brochure n. 小册子 49.organization n. 组织,团体;组织工作;安排;条理 50.absolutely adv. 绝对地,完全地;及其 51.belt n. 地带,地区;腰带;传送带 52.medal n. 奖章,勋章 53.image n. 图像;形象;意象 54.spring to mind 突然记起（或想起） bear/keep...in mind 记住… lose one's mind 失去理智 bring to mind 使想起 come to mind 突然想起 change one's mind 改变主意 make up one's mind 打定主意；下定决心 concentrate one's mind on / upon.. 集中注意力于… 专注于… Please bear/keep in mind that time will change everything. We have made up our minds to take a trip to Australia or Thailand. 单句语法填空 If you ________________ “Hawaii”, a vision of pretty beaches and blue seas may spring to mind. 如果你提到“夏威夷”，美丽海滩和蓝色海洋的景象可能就会立刻浮现在脑海