2022届高考英语二轮复习：主谓一致 学案（含答案）.doc

主谓一致 第一大类：就近原则（连词：either ...or, neither ...nor, not only...but also..., whether...or...） 就远原则（连词：with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, besides, along with, including, in addition to） 第二大类：易错点 动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式. 例如：What she said is very important for us all. (2)And的考点：由连接词and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词一般用复数。但以下两点要注意用单数： ①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时. 例如：Our teacher and friend is Mr. Li. 李老师既是我们的老师又是我们的朋友. ②由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有 no, each, every, 或more than a(an)/one, many a (an)修饰时. 例如：Many a worker and engineer has succeeded in the experiment. (3)集体名词的用法 ①family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience：指集体，单数形式；指集体的成员，复数形式。 例如：Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 四班的同学就班长人选未达成一致。 Class 4 is on the third floor. 四班在三楼. ②people, police, cattle, militia, poultry等名词都多用作复数。 例如：The police are looking for the lost child. 一些短语的用法 ① 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a (large) quantity of, the rest of+名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 例如:Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面的34是由水覆盖。 50 percent of the students in our class are girls. 我班50%的学生是女孩。 ②“one and a half ”后边接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 例如:One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果。 ③there be句型中，be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 例如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 逻辑意义一致原则 ①“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式. 例如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. ②若主语是书名、影片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 例如： The United States is smaller than China. ③一些以 -ics结尾的学科名词如mathematics, politics, physics 等, 它们作主语时,其谓语动词常用单数形式。 I don’t think physics is easy to study. ④“定冠词the +形容词或过去分词”,表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，谓语动词用单数。 例如:The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. (6)定从中的主谓一致问题.一般情况下，在定语从句中谓语动词的单复数由先行词的单复数决定. 例如: There are three books on the shelf which are very interesting. My mother is a teacher who is liked by her students. 但有两点要注意： ①在”one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句“，从句的的单复数由先行词决定。 例如:This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire. ②在”the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句“，从句的的谓语动词用单数。 例如:Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band. 课堂练习 一、单项选择★★★ 1.【2015·湖南】27. It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve. A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take 2.【2014·湖南卷】32. All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A. are B. was C. is D. were 3.【2013·湖南卷】 The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them. A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is 4. 【2013·江苏】21. Generally，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．【2013·福建卷】 23. The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 二、语法填空 ★★ 1. Mr. Smith and Mrs. Smith _______ (be) teachers. 2. Both coffee and beer _______ (be) on sale in the shop. 3. Either the students or the teacher _______ (be) to blame. 4. Not only the students but also their teacher _______ (don’t) know about it. 5. Mr. Green besides his sons ______ (like) sports. 6. More than 30 percent of the surface _______ (be) covered by water. 7. A new type of machine _______ (be) on show now. 8. She is one of the _______ (teacher) who have been to America. 9. She is the only one of the teachers who _______ (have) been to America. 10. Four hours _______ (be) enough to do the work. 三、单句改错★★★ 1. Now Tom with his classmates are playing football on the playground. 2. Thirty dollars are too expensive. 3. Nothing but one desk and six chairs are in the room. 4. Between the two building stand a monument. 5. You as well as I am right. 6. Where to get the materials and how to get use of them has not been discussed at the meeting. 7. Three-fourths of the bread were eaten by Bob, and the rest of the bread was left on the table. 8. Bread and butter are their daily food. 9. This pair of glasses belong to my grandmother. 10. Many a student are busy with their lessons. 课后练习 语法填空★★★ 1. The questions raised by the boy _______ (be) very important. 2. The teacher and writer _______ (be) her friend. 3. Tom, together with Mary and Alice, _______ (be) going to swim this afternoon. 4. Neither of these words _______ (be) correct. 5. About 70 percent of the students _______ (be) from the south, and the rest of them are from the north and foreign countries. 6. Machines of this new type _______ (be) made in Wuhan. 7. The windows which _______ (face) south are all broken. 8. She is the only one of the students who _______ (have) been invited to the party. 9. When and where to hold the sports meet ______ (be) not decided yet. 10. The number of people invited _______(be) fifty, but a number of them _______ (be) absent for different reasons. 二、单句改错★★★ 1. You must have your tooth brushed before you go to bed. 2. Many woman doctors have been invited. 3. If he work hard, you will be successful