2015年考研英语一真题解析:翻译
Directions:Part CRead the following text carefully and then translate theunderlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should bewritten neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth andearly eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-sweptfrom Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built anation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an unchartedcontinent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peopleswith their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country whichmodified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlanticcame successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen,Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the newworld. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the variednational groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in manyways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United Statescrossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations ofNorth America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, theWest Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifullyovercrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough foodallotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, andinfants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, andoften calm brou