人教新目标版英语八年级下Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet？课本单词短语知识点学案（1课时）.doc

教师 学生 时间和时段 2022年 月 日 学科 英语 年级 八下 教材名称 人教版 英语 授课题目 Unit8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? 课 次 第（ ）次课 授课目标 掌握课文重点词汇和句型，能够进行简单的话题表述 教学重难点 掌握现在完成时用法 一、重点单词 财富；珠宝n._______________ 岛n.______________ 匆忙；赶快 v._____ 船 n._______________ 工具n._____________ 成功n. ____________ 朝；向；对着prep.___________ 陆地n. 小说n. ____________ 科技 n._______________ 法语；n. 永远adv. ___________ 在国外；到国外 adv.__________ 真实地adv.__________ 南方的adj. _________ 现代的；当代的adj.___________ 属于；归属v.________ 行；排 n. __________ 唱片；记录v. &n. 一百万 迹象；记号；分数v. &n.____ 二． 词形变化 French n. 法语→n. 法国 introduce v.介绍；引见→n. southern adj.南方的→n. 南方 laughter n．笑；笑声→v. 笑 technology n．科技；工艺→adj. 工艺的；技术的 beauty n._____________ → adj. 漂亮的→adv. 漂亮地 success n．成功→v. 成功 →adj. 成功的 →adv. 成功地 三．重点短语 长大；成熟；成长_______________ 放下；记下 ______________ 至少 _________;至多.___________ 赶快 _____________ 自从 ______________ 属于 ______________ 带回；归还 ______________ 科幻小说(或影片等) 迫不及待地做某事 过去常常做某事 ________________ 因为……而争辩_________________ ……的发源地 __________________ 例如，诸如 __________ 互相 _________ 把某人介绍给某人 在沙滩上 学习做某事 喜欢做某事 在……的中间 留下；遗留； 四. 重要语法 （一）.现在完成时的构成 助动词 have/has +动词的过去分词 说明：主语为第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称用have。 (二). 句型结构： (1).肯定句：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 (+ 其他)(2). 否定句：主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词(+ 其他)(3). 一般疑问句：have/ has + 主语 + 过去分词(+ 其他)(4). 特殊疑问句： ① 特殊疑问词(不是句子主语)+ have / has + 主语+过去分词(+其他) ② 特殊疑问词(是句子主语)+have / has+过去分词(+其他) （三）、用法1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just（刚刚）,already（已经），yet（曾经），never（从不），ever（曾经），before（以前），so far （到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 特别提醒：already 和yet 的用法：already 用于肯定句，可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末。yet 用在疑问句中意为“已经”，用在否定句中表示“还” ，常放在句末。 already和yet都可以作为现在完成时的标志词，但它们的用法不同。 e.g. –Have you had your lunch yet?      –Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. (现在我不饿了。) I’ve already read the book.我已经读过这本书了。（了解了书的内容） 2. 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去，常和for或 since 引导的时间状语连用。  e.g.I’ve known Bob since three years ago.       I’ve been at this school for over two years.  注意：此时的动词必须是延续性动词。 （1）.现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如： Eg.①他的爷爷已过世九年了。 Wrong:His grandfather has died for seven years. Right:His grandfather has been dead for seven years. ②电影已经开始十分钟了。 Wrong:The film has been started for ten minutes. Right:The film has been on for ten minutes. 不过，在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。 Eg.The machine hasn’t stopped working for 24 hours. 这部机器已经24小时没停下过工作了。 （2）.非延续性动词与一段时间连用可采取下述三种方法： ①将非延续动词转化为延续性动词。 非延续动词 延续性动词 非延续动词 延续性动词 buy catch a cold borrow put on open get up close wake up begin/start fall asleep come lose go/leave join finish leave died arrive/reach 3.动词过去分词的变化规则 动词的过去式的变化和过去分词的变化并不完全相同。我们对它们作了一个大致的分类。 (注：例子中单词的变化顺序为：动词原形 → 动词的过去式  → 动词的过去分词)（1）规则变化： ①一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick → → ; wish → → ; stay → → ②. 以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like → → ; hope → → ; phone → → ③. 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。 如：study → → ; hurry → → ; reply → → ④. 词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如： stop → → ; clap → → （2）不规则变化：①. 以不变应万变。如：let → → ; put → → ; read → → ②. 若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel → → ; keep → → ; sleep → → ③. 结尾的字母d变t。如：lend → → ; build → → ; send → → ④. 变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如： buy → → ; bring → → ; catch → → ; teach → → 练习： （ ）1.— The storybook is very interesting. — I agree with you. I   it twice already. A. read B.will read C.am reading D.have read （ ）2.— Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair? — Because I       all my money on an MP5. spend B.have spent C. am spending D.was spending （ ）3.Wow! Mum dinner! Let’s eat now. A.cook B.are cooking C.has cooked D. have cooked （ ）4. — you your homework yet? —Yes, I finished it a moment ago. A.Did;finish B.Do;finish C. Have;finished D.Will;finish 五.重点知识精讲 1.Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes ou to sea and finds an island full of treasures. 【解析】full of…此处是形容词短语，“满是…的” Robinson stared at the footprint, full of fear.(状语) (be) full of=be filled with 充满，满是 fill....with.....用…将…填满，装满 例题:The islands treasures.=The islands treasures. It was really good, so I couldn’t put it down. 【解析】put down,此处意为“放下”，还有“写下，记下”的意思= write down 和take down。 代词放中间 put it down 例题:____________ your name on the paper and you can get a magazine. cut down B.look down C.turn down D.put down. I’m only on page 25. 【解析】page 用作可数名词，意为“(书刊或纸张)页，面，张”.表示在多少页用介词on，“page+基数词”表示“第几页”。 Please turn to page 60.请翻到第60页。 Who else is om my island? 【解析】else 用作副词，意为“其他；另外”，常放在who,what等疑问词之后。 例:Who else was at the party? 【拓展】else 还可用于-one,-body,-thing结尾的复合不定代词之后。 例:He has nothing else to do today. 例题:What would you like? 你还想要什么？ One of them died but the other ran towards my house. 【解析】one...the other...为固定搭配，用于两者之间，意为“一个...另一个...” He has two sons,one is a doctor and the other is a student. 【拓展】some...the others...用于三者或三者以上，意为“一些...其余的...” Boys are on the playground.Some are playing basketball and the others are playing football. 男孩们在操场上，一些正在打篮球，其余的正在踢足球。 例题:Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and is noisy. A.another B. the other C. other D. others [辨析]for， to与towards for 常用在leave， start后，表示运动的方向或目的地。 They'll leave for Xi'an to travel. to 置于go， come， return， move等词后，表示目的地。 When will you come to our school？ towards 意为“朝；向”，只说明运动方向，无“到达”之意。 She was walking towards the town. 例题: In a basketball match， players move _________（朝，向） one end of the court while throwing the ball to each other. When Sarah was a teenager. She used to fight over almost everything with her family. 【解析】fight over 打架；战斗，相当于 fight about,意为“因为......而争论；争论......”, 其中fight （fought，fought）用作不及物动词。 eg.The two dogs were fighting over a bone. Don’t fight about small things. 【拓展】fight with sb. 和某人吵架have a fight with sb. 或get into a fight with sb, 例题: Please don’t others. 请不要和别人争吵。 Country is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America. 【解析】a kind of “一种”，“many/all/different kinds of+名词 ”很多事/各种各样/不同种类的... kind of “稍微。有点”，相当于 a little/ a bit/ a little bit 例题: 1.There are fishes in the sea. 海里有各种各样的鱼 In fact, that boy is lovely. 事实上，那个男孩有点可爱。 such as 与 for example 辨析 such as 常用来列举整体之中的部分同类的人或事物 such as 之前一般用逗号和句子隔开，之后没有逗号，直接加名词或名词性短语。 China has many big cities,such as Beijing,Shanghai and Shenzhen. for example 常用来列举整体中的一个 在句中多用作插入语，位置可以在句首、句中或句末，用逗号与句子隔开，之后也有逗号。 Noise,for example,is a kind of pollution as well. 【解析】belong v. 属于；归属（无进行，无被动） belong to 属于，后接名词或人称代词的宾格形式，但不能接名词性物主代词或名词所有格。 eg.That book belongs to me. 例题: This dictionary is Tom’s.= This dictionary Tom. Sarah hasn’t been to Nashville yet, but it is her dream to go there one day. 【解析】“have /has been to + 地点名词”意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在不在那里了，后可接表示次数的词语。 Once，twice，three times等，也可跟 just,never,ever等。 eg. —Have you been to Shanghai? —I have never been to Shanghai. 【拓展】Have/has gone to someplace. 意为“去了某地”，还没回来。 —Where is Mr.Brown？ —He has gone to Jinan. 【解析】one of + the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式，意为“最...的...之一”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 练习：1. One of the oldest students_____ English in his class. 2. Beijing ______ one of the biggest cities in the world. 3.—Do you think Peng Mama is one of ______first ladies in the world? —Yes,she is ________ more attractive than any other first lady. A.the most fascinating;a few B.the fascinating;a lot C.the most fascinating;even D.more fascinating;many 12. hope 和wish 辨析 hope hope to do sth.希望做某事 We hope to see you again. hope+that从句，表示可以实现或能达到 的“希望” We hope that we can see you again. 我们希望能再次见到你 wish wish to do sth.希望做某事 I wish to place an order right now. wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事 I wish him to make progress. wish+that从句，表示某种强烈而又难以 实现的“愿望” I wish that I could fly like a bird. 表示良好的“祝愿”，后接“宾语+宾补 （形容词或名词）” I wish you happy. I wish you a pleasant journey. 13. the number of和a number of辨析 the number of …的数量 其后接复数可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 a number of “许多” 相当于many, 其后接复数可数名词，做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 例题: 1.The number of the students 50. 2.A number of students on the playground. 六．重点句型 1. ？ 你读过《小妇人》（Little Women） 吗？ 2 . 是的，我读过。/不，没有。 3. . 他们当中一个死了，但是另一个跑向我的房子。 4. . 这使萨拉想到了远在美国的家人和朋友。 5. . 她逐渐意识到事实上她是多么想念他们所有人。 6. . 你应该快点儿。读书报告两周后必须交。 7. . 她开始意识到，事实上她是多么想念他们所有人。 8. . 他已经售出了超过1.2亿张的唱片 9. ！ 我希望有一天看到他在现场演唱！ 10. . 从那以后，她成了美国乡村音乐的一个狂热爱好者 当堂练习题： 一、单项选择 1.——The storybook is very interesting. ——I agree with you.I ________ it twice already. A.read B.will read C.am reading D.have read 2.------Your shoes are so old.Why don’t you buy a new pair? -------Because I _________ all my money on an MP5. spend B.have spent C.am spending D.was spending 3.-----_________you ever_______the new Minyuan Stadium? ----No,I haven’t. Do;visit B.Have;visited C.Did;visit D.Are;visiting 4.-----________you_______your homework yet? -----Yes,I finished it a moment ago. A.Did;finish B.Do;finish C.Have;finished D.will;finish 5.----Mike,why are you watching TV again? ----I _______my homework. A.finish B.finished C.have finished D.had finished 6.—Where is my sister, mum? —She ___ to the library. She will be back soon.  A. has been                    B. is going   C. has gone                    D. will go 7.I think we should trust ________. A.each another B.one another C.one other D.each others 8.He found a bag__________money. A.be full of B.full with C.full of D.filled of 9.At night,we can see ________starts in the sky. A.two millions B.million of C.two million of D.millions of 10.They are twins.It’s sometimes hard to tell one from __________. A.another B.some other C.other D.the other 11.-----Look!A book is on the floor.Whose is it? ----It________be Tom’s.It has his name on it. A.mustn’t B.can’t C.must D.need 12.The man was walking ________ an old house when I met him. A.across B.towards C.on D.at 13.If you want to finish the work today,you’ll have to _________ A.hurry up B.come up C.catch up D.put up 完形填空 I have just returned to France after a short trip to England to spend a few days with my family． __1__was at home，I was lucky enough to have time to visit one of my favourite cities，Cambridge．Cambridge is a beautiful old city 2 great sandstone buildings．The River Cam that runs through the centre is the perfect place to go for a picnic in summer．Punting(划艇)is one of the famous activities that you can do in Cambridge．It is a small 3 that takes you up and down the river．The punt seats 4～8 people and is moved by a large wooden stick that you 4 in the water to direct the boat．The UK has many famous and excellent 5 ，such as the University of Oxford，University of St Andrews and King’s College London． The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities 6 in1209 in the UK and it's a very important university that many students 7 studying here．It is very 8 to gain a place there and you have to work very hard if you are a student there．The University of Cambridge is a very 9 university and an important part of British history． I study at Royal Holloway，University of London which is very 10 the University of Cambridge．It is a university campus which means all the buildings are in the same place．In Cambridge they are spread out across the city，lots of people ride bikes to get around．I always love visiting Cambridge as it feels like stepping back in time． （ ）1．A．Where B．Why C．Which D．While （ ）2．A．by B．with C．over D．through （ ）3．A．car B．bus C．boat D．p1ane （ ）4．A．pull B．push C．develop D．pass （ ）5．A．towers B．stations C．universities D．banks （ ）6．A．started B．changed