2023届高考英语人教版词汇短语句型精选素材.doc

1 compete vi.比赛；竞争 (1)compete in　　参加……比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 compete with/against...for... 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 (2)competition n. 比赛 competitive adj. 有竞争力的 competitor n. 竞争者；对手 ①Athletes from many countries competed with each other for the first gold medal in the Olympic Games. 来自许多国家的运动员为获得奥运会的第一枚金牌而彼此竞争。 ②Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive(compete) world. 没有人能够完全远离这个充满竞争的社会。 2 “nor/neither＋情态动词/助动词/系动词be＋主语”构成倒装句型，意为“……也不这样”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(否定情况)。 (1)so＋情态动词/助动词/系动词be＋主语，意为“……也是如此”，表示某人或某物也有前面说过的情况(肯定情况)。 (2)so＋主语＋情态动词/助动词/系动词be，表示说话人同意对方的观点或对前文内容加以强调或肯定，意为“……的确如此”。 (3)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is/was with...或It is/was the same with...。 ①—His boss is not satisfied with the disappointing result. —Nor/Neither is Tom. ——他的老板对这个令人失望的结果不满意。 ——汤姆也不满意。 ②Tom can speak French and so can his brother. 汤姆会说法语，他弟弟也会。 ③—Jack is very crazy about Chinese culture and folk music. —So he is and so are you. ——杰克对中国文化和民族音乐非常痴迷。 ——他的确如此，你也是。 ④He is very clever but he doesn't work hard; it is the same with his sister/so it is with his sister. 他很聪明，但不努力，他姐姐也是这样。 3 take part in参加；参与 take an active part in　　积极参加 participate in 参加，参与 play a part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色 ①A lively and caring girl，Anna，takes an active part in social activities. 安娜是一个活泼又有爱心的女孩，她积极参与社会活动。 ②We encourage students to participate fully in the running of the college. 我们鼓励学生全面参与学院的运作。 ③China is playing a more important part in the international affairs. 中国在国际事务中正起着越来越重要的作用。 [名师指津]　(1)take part in是固定短语， part前一般不用冠词，但是当part前有形容词修饰时，形容词前要用不定冠词；(2)在使用take part in时，若其后无宾语，则不加介词in。 ④When I watched the game he encouraged me to take part. 当我观看比赛时他鼓励我参加。 4 admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳；容纳 (1)admit doing/having done/that... 　　　　　　　　承认…… admit sb./sth.to be 承认某人/某物…… (2)be admitted to 被接纳进入；被录取到…… (3)admission n. 准许进入；入场费；承认 ①You should have the courage to admit your mistakes. ＝You should have the courage to admit your making(make) mistakes. ＝You should have the courage to admit that you made mistakes. 你应当有勇气承认错误。 ②The young man had to admit driving/having driven(drive) without a driving permit. 这个年轻人不得不承认无证驾驶。 ③The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted (admit) to my favorite university will come true. 考试结果可能会像预料的那样，我被我最喜爱的大学录取的梦想将会成为现实。 [熟词生义]　写出加黑单词在语境中的含义 ④The dining hall to be completed next month can admit 1,000 students.容纳 5 as well也；又；还(常放在句子末尾，作为副词短语使用) (1)as well　 　也，置于肯定句句末 (2)as well as 既……又……，用来连接两个并列成分 (3)as well as... 同……一样好 (4)may/might as well do sth. 倒不如做某事；不妨做某事 ①Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I had danced as well as her. 埃伦是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。 ②Today we can talk，text，e­mail，chat and blog，not only from our computers，but from our mobile phones as well. 现在我们不仅能够从电脑上进行交谈、发短信、发电子邮件、聊天和写博客，而且从手机上也能完成这些(内容)。 ③The weather is so bad that we might as well stay(stay)at home. 天气太糟了，我们倒不如待在家里。 [名师指津]　当“A as well as B”结构作主语时，谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致。 ④The famous musician，as well as his students，was invited (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the meeting. 那位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在那次会议的开幕式上演出。 6 as...as...像……一样；正如 (1)结构特点：第一个as为副词，修饰形容词或副词的原级。第二个as为连词，引导状语从句；也可是介词，其后加名词或代词。 (2)否定式：not as/so...as...不如……。 (3)表达倍数关系句型时则表达为：倍数＋as...as...。 (4)当as...as中间有名词时，应采用如下格式：as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as或as＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋as。 (5)as...as one can/could＝as...as possible尽可能……。 ①Obviously，the boy doesn't work as hard as many of his classmates. 显然，这个男孩学习不像他的许多同学那么刻苦。 ②The geography teacher tells us that China has almost the same size as the USA but its population is six times as large as that of the USA. 地理老师告诉我们，中国在面积上与美国几乎一样大，但是人口却是美国的六倍。 [名师指津]　在as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as结构中形容词放在不定冠词a/an之前，同样的结构还有：so/too/how＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋... 7 replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处 replace sth.with/by sth.　　用……替换…… take the place of＝take one's place 代替 in place of 代替 ①It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced by/with computers in class. 人们普遍认为，在课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。 ②John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him. →John is ill and I want to know who is going to take the place of him/take his place. 约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。 8 charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电 n．费用；主管 (1)charge sb.for sth.　　　为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb.with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 (2)take charge of 掌管/负责…… in charge of 控制/管理…… in the charge of 受……的管理 (3)free of charge 免费 ①As long as you've paid in advance，we won't charge you for delivery. 只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费。 ②The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs. 曾经掌管这家公司的那个人被指控吸毒。 ③The company is in the charge of Tom while the boss is away. ＝Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is away. ＝Tom takes charge of the company while the boss is away. 汤姆在老板不在时负责这家公司。 [名师指津]　in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”； in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人主管”。类似的还有：in control of“控制”，in the control of“由……控制”；in possession of“拥有”，in the possession of“被……拥有”。 9 deservevt.& vi.值得；应得；应受(报答或惩罚) deserve to do　　　　应该做……；值得做…… deserve to be done＝deserve doing ……值得被做 ①These patients deserve a chance at a normal，happy future. 这些病人应该有一个正常而幸福的未来。 ②It's true that she made a mistake but she hardly deserves to lose (lose) her job. 她的确犯了错，但她不应该被解雇。 ③It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to be respected/respect. 正是那些甘愿奉献而不索取的人才应受到尊敬。 10 as意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。 ①You will grow wiser as you grow older. 你会随着年龄的增长而越来越聪明。 ②As our life improves，we find little time to gather with our friends. 随着生活水平的提高，我们和朋友的聚会变少了。 [名师指津]　as是连词，意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句；with是介词，意为“随着”，后接名词或代词等，构成with短语或with复合结构。 ③As time went (go) by/With time going(go) by, I gradually adapted myself to the school life. 随着时间的流逝，我逐渐适应了学校生活。 11 as a result 结果 as a result of　　　由于；作为……的结果 result from 由……引起 result in 导致；结果 ①Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result of doing too much shopping. 詹妮因为购物太多差点错过了航班。 ②It's generally believed that he suffe