八年级上册英语语法知识点总结.docx

八年级上册英语语法知识点总结 （一）一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 练一练 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon. 4. We’ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。 Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。 学习向别人提建议的几种句式： （1）I think you should… （2）Well, you could… （3）Maybe you should … （4）Why don’t you…? （5）What about doing sth.? （6）You’d better do sth. 练一练 用should或shouldn’t填空 1. I can’t sleep the night before exams. You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends ______ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some. 4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day. 答案：1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. Should （三）过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如： I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night. at 9 o’clock last night是时间点 They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是时间段 2. 过去进行时的标志词 at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。） 练一练 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books. 2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party. 3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook. 4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday. 答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called （四）间接引语 形成步骤： （1）不要逗号，冒号，引号 （2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的） （3）要考虑时态的变化 （4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。 1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律 直接引语  间接引语   一般现在时  一般过去时   一般将来时  过去将来时   现在进行时  过去进行时   2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律 直接引语 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has 4. will 5. can 6. may  间接引语 1. was 2. were 3. had 4. would 5. could 6. might   练一练 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. She said I _____（be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then. 答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 请转述他人说的话： 1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom） 2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy） 3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike） 4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. （she） （五）if引导的条件状语从句 结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时 含义：如果……，将要…… 例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。 If need be, we’ll work all night. 如果需要，我们就干个通宵。 练一练 根据中文提示，完成句子。 1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。 If you ________ the party, you __________. 2. 如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。 If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________. 3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。 If you often ________, you _________________. 答案： 1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic 3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English 二. 完形填空特点及解题思路 （一）题型分类与特点 完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。 1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150－200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。 2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。 （A） Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短语）“have a day off”. He 2 , then he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he aske