人教版（2019）英语必修第一册Welcome Unit 句子的基本成分和结构学案（无答案）.doc

高中英语语法句子的基本成分和结构句子是写作的基本单位只有写好句子才有可能写好文章英语的句子成分有八种主语谓语动词表语宾语定语状语主语补足语和宾语补足语学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律掌握了句子的基本句型常见句式和词语的习惯搭配就能写出完整正确的句子英语的句子成分一主语WallshaveearsHewilltakeyoutothehospitalThreeplusfourequalssevenToseeistobelieveSmokingisnotallowedinpublicplacesWhetherornottheywillcomedependsontheweather二谓语动词由担任助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词ActionspeakslouderthanwordsThechancemaynevercomeagainMaryhasbeenworkingatthedressshopsince1994三表语它的位置在之后是用来说明主语的的MyfatherisaprofessorWhosthatItsmeEverythinghereisexpensiveThematchbecameveryexcitingThestoryofmylifemaybeofhelptoothersThreetimesfiveisfifteenHisplanistoseekworkinthecityMyfirstideawasthatyoushouldhideyourfeelings四宾语表示动作的对象是动作的承受者宾语一般放在之后词后也会跟宾语ShecoveredherfacewithherhandsWehaventseenherforalongtimeDoyoumindopeningthewindowGivemefourpleaseHewantstodreamanicedreamWeneedtoknowwhatothersaredoingWeshouldcaremoreaboutourfriends五定语是修饰词单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之TheyarewomanworkersTomsfatherdidntwritehomeuntilyesterdayMaryisabeautifulgirlTheplayhasthreeactsThisisherfirsttriptoEuropeChinaisadevelopingcountryIhavenothingtoeatThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere六状语状语表示地点时间原因目的结果条件伴随情况等ThebestfishswimnearthebottomIleftthevillagefiveyearsagoIarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjamWellsendacartofetchyouThefishcaneatapersonintwominutesleavingonlybonesThestudentscameintotheclassroomsinginganddancingIfhegoessowillIThoughheisachildheknowsalot七宾语补足语英语有些及物动词除了要有宾语之外还要加上宾语补足语才能使句子的意义完整宾语和宾语补足语一起构成TheyelectedmecaptainoftheteamWetrytomakeourcountrystrongWefoundeverythingingoodorderthereIshouldadviseyoutogetthechanceIsawhimgoingupstairs八主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态原宾语成为主语原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语IwaselectedcaptainoftheteamOurcountrywillbemadestrong二简单句的五种基本句型1主语系动词表语1Ourcityisatthecrossingofsomeimportantrailways主语系动词表语2Thecitywillbecomerich主语系动词表语在这类结构中最常用的系动词是变化类感官类持续类其他似乎证明是你的故事听起来很有趣把鱼放在冰箱里否则它会变坏的这种炎热的天气将会保持几天这个计划证明是可行的2主语谓语1Buildinghasstarted主语谓语2Thetrainleavesat740主语谓语搭配TheteacherteacheswellThechildwalksveryslowly搭配ThegirllookedatthepictureThechildrenrantotheforest我每天起的很早走到小花园坐在凳子上小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏我玩得也高兴3主语谓语宾语1Thebossemployedfivemoreworkers主语谓语宾语2Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden3Fewstudentsliketakingexams4Heforgottoclosethedoor5IhopeIcanspeakEnglishfluently他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则他拿出一瓶啤酒很快将其喝光他许诺给我一个礼物4主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语1Hehasfetchedussomenewtextbooks主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语2Grandmacookedusanicemeal主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语3Themantoldthegirlthathewantstotestherthesubject4TheboyaskedmeifIcouldspeakChinese可接双宾语的常见动词有askanswergiveoffersendbringpasstellshowteachpromise顺便问一下她把钱付给你了吗下学期谁教你们生物MrWhite告诉我为什么他要出国5主语谓语宾语宾语补足语1Thevillagersdidntallowthemtodothis主语谓语宾语宾语补足语2Iwillkeeptheboxintheshade3Wefoundhimaverygoodpupil4Sheletmestayinthecompany5Wekepttheroomclean6Weheardthegirlsingingthesong7Hegadhishaircutshort该句型中的宾语宾语补足语又叫做他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净我建议他多读点书他修了机器我们选他当班长