报名序号: 400
河北省高等教育自学考试
毕业论文
专 业: 会 计
地 市:
工作单位:
论文题目:化工企业成本费用核算及控制研究
作 者:
指导教师:
完成日期: 年 月 日
目录
摘 要·····································································1
关键词 ···································································1
1成本控制与核算在化工企业中的作用 ·······································1
1.1是企业增加盈利的根本途径,直接服务于企业的目的 ······················1
1.2是抵抗内外压力、求得生存得主要保障 ··································2
1.3有助于企业生产管理水平的提高,是企业发展的基础 ······················2
2成本控制与核算存在的业务风险点 ·········································2
2.1战略风险·····························································2
2.2经营风险·····························································2
2.3财务风险·····························································2
3加强成本费用管理的基础工作 ·············································2
3.1加强预算管理 ························································3
3.2健全原始记录 ························································3
3.3严格计量、检验工作 ··················································3
3.4健全物资的收发、保管、领退和清查盘点制度 ····························3
3.5实行统一的成本结算期 ················································3
4成本控制与核算的业务流程步骤 ·········································3
4.1成本费用预测 ························································3
4.2成本费用计划的编制···················································4
4.3成本费用控制与监督···················································4
4.4成本费用核算 ························································5
4.4.1成本费用核算对象··················································5
4.4.2焦化成本核算的方法················································5
4.4.3配合煤成本计算 ···················································5
4.4.4炼焦阶段产品成本计算分两个步骤进行 ·······························5
4.5成本费用分析 ························································6
4.6要加强成本费用完成情况的考核·········································6
5结语····································································7
化工企业成本费用核算及控制研究
摘要:由于多次遭遇经济危机,化工企业面临的竞争更加激烈,要提高企业的经济效益,化工企业必须开拓思路、扩大信息、调整战略、突出优势,把控制成本摆放在最突出的位置上。根据《会计法》、《企业会计准则》和国家有关规定,结合炼焦行业生产特点和炼焦化学工业企业成本核算规程,对成本费用实施全过程、全方位、全员化控制,合理归集、分配、摊提生产成本费用,优化生产流程,充分利用各种资源,在保证生产优质产品的前提下,降低生产成本,最大限度的提高企业竞争力,为企业及社会创造更大的价值。
关键词:化工企业;核算;控制
化工企业属于连续性生产的流程型企业,在实际生产管理过程中,保证生产线稳定、满负荷生产是企业安全生产、环境得以保护的需要,也是降低产品消耗、降低成本的前提和关键。在激烈的市场竞争中,很多产品供大于求,产品价格下降,使得企业不仅要降低成本、提高价格竞争力,更要适时调整产品结构、多生产阶段性厚利产品,提高企业经济效益。 面临严峻的形式和挑战,化工企业应严格成本控制。
1成本控制与核算在化工企业中的作用
产品成本是企业生产经营活动的一项综合性经济指标,成本的高低是反映企业生产技术和经营管理水平的重要标志。成本核算是推行全面预算管理的重要组成部分,通过核算揭示出来的节约或浪费,是衡量企业各级、各部门预算落实情况和经营管理工作成果的重要依据。
1.1是企业增加盈利的根本途径,直接服务于企业的目的
成本控制与核算是以企业内部为单位的,本着“干什么、管什么、算什么”的原则,对生产中的消耗和成果、投入与产出、企业的经济效益和员工的劳动成果进行考核计算,合理组织生产,………
1.2是抵抗内外压力、求得生存得主要保障
化工企业外有同业竞争、政府课税和经济环境逆转等不利因素,内有职工改善待遇和股东要求分红等……..
有助于企业生产管理水平的提高,是企业发展的基础
成本核算虽然讲的是核算,但它实际上是一项综合性的价值管理工作,包括了产量、消耗、能耗各项指标……..
2成本控制与核算存在的业务风险点
2.1战略风险
成本费用预测、规划不合理,成本费用控制不得力,造成产品生产高耗低效,企业效益低下,社会资源浪费,影响企业竞争力,危害企业生存、发展。
2.2经营风险
成本核算不合理,将会造成盲目生产,生产消耗及损失加大,增加成本支出,影响成本控制效果。
2.3财务风险
不能合理归集、分配、摊提成本费用,未按要求结转成本,致使财务报表不能真实反映生产成本。
3加强成本费用管理的基础工作
3.1加强预算管理
公司按年制定原材料、燃料、动力、工具、人工、费用开支等各项消耗预算和费用预算,实行全面的预算管理。预算不合理的,及时进行修订,不完整的应该加以补充完善。预算核定后,在年度内一般不作变动。
3.2健全原始记录
公司的各项原材料、燃料、备件、工具的领退消耗、工时、动力的耗费,在产品、半成品的交接转…….
3.3严格计量、检验工作
企业的原材料、燃料、备件等物资进厂和产成品等出厂,厂内倒运,一切物资的收发、耗用和内部调拨………
3.4健全物资的收发、保管、领退和清查盘点制度
有消耗预算的,应实行预算发料;没有消耗预算的,应实行金额控制或按计划发料。要采取积极措施防止账外物资的发生,做到帐物相符、帐帐相符,堵塞损失浪费漏洞。
3.5实行统一的成本结算期
在月份成本计算中,凡随产量增减而变动的材料费用,如原料及主要材料、