南师大真题

（1）最近把以前自己用过的03-06年的英语语言学的所有试题打了出来，再加上自己考过的07年的英语语言学试题的回忆版本，都贴在上面。 （2）另外，在我的BLOG里有个语言学版块。里面还有一些关于戴炜栋编写的那本语言学的第1---8章的相应的考试题目，大家可以根据需要，自己下载。因为很多题型很相似，相信会有帮助。 2003年南师大英语语言学考试题目---初试 一、单选题。 1.The scholars who put forward interaction hypothesis hold ________. A) language acquisition is a process of “stimulus-response”. B) humans are predisposed to acquire a language. C) human’s linguistic potentiality must be combined with the environment. D) human’s linguistic environment can be ignored as long as humans have language acquisition device. 2.American Black English is _______. A) a social variety B) a regional variety C) a combination of social and regional dialect. D) a temporal dialect 3.According to Basil Bernstein, elaborated code is extensively used by _________. A) middle class people and their children. B) working-class people and their children. C) both middle class and working class people D) parents of children without any distinction of social background. 4. Read the following two sentences and decide what kind of error the learner commits in the second sentence: He practiced English a lot last month. (1) *She comed back home early yesterday. (2) The error in the second sentence belongs to the category of ___________. A) mother tongue interference B) overgeneralization C) cross-association D) performance error 5.In the Semantic Triangle advanced by Ogden and Richards, “thought or reference” is ______. A) word, sentence B) the object C) concept D) symbol 6.The word “laze” is an example of _______ in word formation. A) acronym B) blending C) functional shift D) back formation 7. Pragmatics is a study of ________. A) language learning B) language acquisition C) language planning D) language in use 8. A linguist is interested in _________. A) what is said B) what is right both in syntax and in semantics C) what is grammatical D) what ought to be said 9. In English elements in construction are generally _______. A) linear B) continuous C) discontinuous D) endocentric 10. __________ is a sound produced by bringing the tip of the tongue into contact with the upper teeth to create the obstruction. A) An alveolar B) A bilabial C) A palatal D) A dental 二、名词解释 1.linguistic universals 2.language acquisition device: 3.cultural diffusion 4.suggestopedia: 5.polysemy 6.utterance meaning: 7.coinage 8.articulatory phonetics: 9.endocentric construction 10.structural change: 三、判断 1.According to Chomsky, the word “competence” is not limited to the ability of an ideal native speaker to construct and recognize grammatical sentences in his language. 2.Eskimos have countless words for snow because snow is so common in their culture that they regard it far less important. 3.Plato and Aristotle argued that the categories of thought determined the categories of language. 4.Audiolingualism, contrary to American structuralism and behaviorist psychology, emphasizes the importance of regular patterns. 5.People in the west tend to verbalize their gratitude and compliments less than Chinese speakers. 6.It is unlikely that there is a prelinguistic stage when babies just babble. 7.When varieties are classified in terms of use, they are called registers. 8.From sociological view we can derive meaning from context. 9.The relationship between “alligator” and “reptile” is homonymy. 10.Denotation id the additional meaning than an expression carries while often shows people’s attitudes or emotions towards the subjects being talked about. 11.Speech act theory was proposed by Austin and has been developed by Grice. 12.A language is weakened when it borrows large numbers of words from other languages. 13.Searle suggests 5 basic categories of illocutionary acts as follows: assertives, commissives, expressives, informatives and declarations. 14.There is a single cause of language change. 15.Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed. 16.Spoken utterances share some common linguistic features with written utterances. 17.A small set of rules can generate an infinite number of sentences, all of which are idiomatic. 18.IC analysis shows linear relationship, so it helps to account for the ambiguity of certain constructions. 19.Linguists are interested in the sounds that convey meaning in human linguistic communication. 20.Simply speaking, a morpheme can be defined as a minimal unit of meaning. 四、问答 1.Of all the theories you have learned on language acquisition, which one seems to you most reasonable? Why? 2.Point out the marked differences between sociolinguistic study and traditional linguistic studies. 3.How does the following exchange of conversation illustrate the Politeness Principle? A: We’ll miss Bill and Agatha, won’t you? B: Well, we’ll miss BILL. 4.What is the distinction between sense and reference? 5.How do you tell compounds from the noncompounded word sequence? 6.What are the two criteria suggested by Chomsky for judging grammar? 2003年南师大英语语言学考试题目---复试 一、判断 Passage one: The study of how we do things with sentence is the study of speech acts. In studying speech acts, we are acutely aware of the importance of the context of utterance. In some circumstances There is a sheepdog in the closet is a warning, but the same sentence may be a promise or even a mere statement of fact, depending on circumstances. We call this purpose----a warning, a promise, a threat, or whatever----the illocutionary force of a speech act. Speech act theory aims to tell us when we appear to ask questions but are really giving orders, or when we say one thing with special (sarcastic) intonation and mean the opposite. Thus, at a dinner table, the question Can you pass the salt? means the order Pass the salt! It is not a request for information, and yes is an inappropriate response. 1.Illocutionary acts are special case of speech acts, referring to the speaker’s intention in uttering something. 2.Because the illocutionary force of a speech act depends on the context of the utterance, speech act theory is a part of pragmatics. 3.In most cases, the illocutionary force of “Look out!” is a suggestion. 4.The speech act theory originated with the British philosophy John Austin in the late 70’s. 5.Billy and Joe were long-time pals. One time Billy was in desperate need of money. His car had broken down and he needed $300 to fix it. So, he asked Joe for a load. Joe said he could lend Billy the money. This made Billy happy and he said to Joe; (a) “You are a terrible friend.” It is non-sarcastic answer. (b) “You are a fine friend.” It is a sarcastic one. Passage two Inflectional is a term used in Morphology to refer to one of the two main categories or processes of sword formation, the other being derivational. These terms also apply to the two types of affix involved in word formation. Inflectional affixes signal grammatical relationships, such as plural, past tense and possession, and do not change the grammatical class of the stems t which they are attached; that is, the words constitute a single paradigm, e.g. walk, walks, walked. A word is said to “inflect for” past tense, plural, etc. In traditional (pre-linguistic) grammatical studies, the term “accidence” was used in this sense. In the phrase inflecting language (“inflectional” or “inflected” language), the term refers to a type of language established by comparative linguistics using structural (as opposed to diachronic) criteria, and focusing on the characteristics of the word. In this kind of language, words display grammatical relationships morphologically: they typically contain more than one morpheme but, unlike agglutinative languages, there is no one-to-one correspondence between these morphemes and the linear sequence of morphs. In languages such as Latin, Greek, Arabic etc. the inflectional forms of words may represent several morphological oppositions, e.g. in Latin amo(I love), the form simultaneously represents present tense, active, first person singular, indicative. This “fusing” of properties has led to such languages being called fusional and had motivated the word-and-a model of analysis. As always in such classifications, the categories are not clear-cut: different languages will display the characteristic of inflection to a greater or lesser degree. 1.A language in which nouns have inflectional properties is an inflectional language. 2.The affix “un-” or “dis-” is an inflectional affix. 3.The agglutinative language is a language that typically expresses concepts in complex words consisting of many elements, rather than by inflection or by using isolated elements. 4.Many English adjectives have inflectional properties. 5.The Chinese language is an agglutinative language. Passage three Each tongue draws a circle about the people whom it belongs, and it is possible to leave this circle only by simultaneously entering that of another people. Learning a foreign language ought hence to be the conquest of a new standpoint in the previously prevailing cosmic attitude of the individual. In fact, it is so to a certain extent, inasmuch as every language contains the entire fabric of concepts and the conceptual approach of a portion of humanity. But this achievement is not complete, because one always carries over into a foreign tongue to a greater or lesser degree one’s own cosmic viewpoint—indeed one’s personal linguistic pattern. (von Humboldt [1836]1971:39-40) 1.This passage mainly discusses the relationship between one’s personal linguistic pattern and a foreign language. 2.According to the author of this passage, language is a powerful instrument that allows us to make sense of the world. 3.This passage reveals the fact that one’s own cosmic viewpoint determines linguistic orientation. 4.The author of this passage seems to believe that language and the world outlook are two sides of the coin. 5.The author of this passage seems to advocate that one’s language presupposes one’s way of thinking. 二、问答 1.Give examples to illustrate several different approaches to meaning. 2.Why do we need two principles of conversation, i.e. the cooperative principle and the politeness principle? 3.What does it mean that a linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said? 4.What is the advantage of IC analysis? Take “Drive the car near the station” as an example. 5.Describe briefly the social differences in the use of language among speakers of the Chinese language. 三、评论 State clearly the interrelationship between language and cognition, giving theoretical analysis as well as empirical illustration. 2004年南师大英语语言学考试题目---复试 一、单选题。 1.The study of the way listeners perceive the sounds is called ______. A) acoustic phonetics B) auditory phonetics C) articulatory phonetics D) phonology 2.The word “FAQ” is an example of ________ in word formatio