2021备考中考冲刺语法教案第十六讲
语法专题16:词汇辨析
【中考精选---课前小测】
( )1.Don't____________what should be done today till tomorrow.
A. put off B. cut off C. take off D. turn off
( )2. Don't____________our hopes. As long as we pull together,we’ll make it.
A. give up B. give out C. give back D. give away
( )3.—I don't know how to_________the old clothes.
—You can give them away to the charity.
A. hand in B. deal with C. take up D. clean up
( )4. Please remember to__________the electricity and water before you leave the laboratory.
A. take off B. shut off C.go off D. put off
( )5. By the end of 2025,garbage- sorting systems(垃圾分类系统) will be______
in Dongying.
A. set up B. given up C. shut off D. brought out
( )6. My brother has a healthy living habit. He_________ stays up late, and he is an early bird.
A. usual B. hardly C. often D. always
( )7. The English Speech Competition________ the best in her. As a result, she is more active now.
A. checked out B. tried out C. left out D. brought out
( )8. —It's cold outside, Jimmy! You should________your sweater.
—Thanks,mom.
A. take off B. take in C. put on D. put up
( )9. If you want to join the Music Club,_______ the form,please.
A. go out B. fill out C. get up D. warm up
( )10. With the help of the Internet, information can_________every corner of the world quickly.
A.get B.raise C.reach D.turn
( )11. —Do you think it is popular to________ red envelops(红包) on Wechat during festivals?
—Yes. But I prefer giving gifts to family members.
A. give out B. give away C.give back D.give up
( )12. —I can’t find my English textbook.
— Is it possible that you________it at home?
A.lost B.saw C.left D.gave
( )13.—Is dinner ready?—Not__________.
A. already B.just C.yet D.ever
考题点评:近几年的词汇辨析一般集中在动词短语和代词的辨析。遇到这样的近义词多留意对比,积累一定的词汇。
考点小结
常用短语及其用法
1.
not only... but also…
不但…而且…
连接两个主语时,谓语根据第二主语连接两个主语时,谓语根据第二主语变化,即“就近原则”
neither.. nor...
既不…也不…(两者都不)
either...or....
或者…或者…;要么…要么…(两者选其一)
not… but…
不是…而是…
as well as
除……之外;还;也
连接两个主语时,谓语根据第一主语变化,即“就远原则”
both…and…
…和…(两者都)
连接两个主语时,谓语用复数形式
none of
全部都不,一个也不(三者或三者以上全部都不)
谓语单复数均可
2.
It takes sb some time to do sth
做某事花费某人多少时间
sb. spend(s) some time/ some money/in) doing sth./ on sth
某人花费多少时间/金钱做某事
某人花费多少时间/金钱在某事上
sb pay(s) some money for sth
某人花费多少金钱买某物
sth cost(s) sb. some money
某物花费某人多少金钱
3.
at the end of+地点/时间
在……的尽头;
在……结束的时候
后接时间时表示一个时间点,常用于般过去时和一般将来时
by the end of+时间
到……末
后接时间时表示一个时间段,常用于过去完成时和一般将来时
in the end
最后;终于
常用于一般过去时
4.
be made of+原材料
由...制成(看得出材料)
be made from+原材料
由...制成(看不出材料)
be made up of+组成部分
由…组成
be made by+动作执行者
由(某人)…制造
be made in/at+地方
在……制造
5.
used to do sth
过去常常做某事
get used to doing sth =be used to doing sth
习惯于做某事
be used to do sth
被用来做某事(被动语态)
be used for doing sth
被用来做某事(被动语态)
6.
do with
处理;对付(与what连用) what to do with sth.
deal with
处理;对付(与how连用) how to deal with sth.
7.
how often
多长时间做一次(提问频率)
how soon
多久后(提问in+一段时间)
how long
多长时间(提问for+一段时间或 since引导的时间状语)
how many times
多少次(提问次数)
how many
多少(提问可数名词的数量)
how much
多少(提问不可数名词的数量)
how far
多远(提问距离)
how heavy
多重(提问重量)
8.
in a way= to some extent
在某种程度上
in a+adj.+ way
以…方式,如: in a clever way用聪明的方式
in this that way
用这种/那种方式
in the way
挡路
move out of one’s way
不挡某人的道
on one’s way(o)+地点
在(回)去…的路上,如: on my way home/oho在回家去学校路上
by the way
顺便问问
9.
too
也
用于肯定句
放在句可用号和前面的句子隔开,也可不用
also
也
用于肯定句
放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前
as well
也;还
用于肯定句
放在句末,前面一般不用逗号
either
也
用于否定句
放在句末,前面一般用逗号隔开
10.
knock at= knock on
敲(门);打
knock down
撞倒
knock out
打昏
knock into sb.
撞到某人身上
11.
point out
指出
point at
指着(表示指向近处)
point to
指着/指向(表示指向远处)
12.
much too
太
后接形容词或副词
too much
太多
后接不可数名词,或放在动词之后
too many
太多
后接复数名词
13.
arrive at+小地点
到达
arrive in+大地点
get to = reach
14.
would rather do sth than do sth.
宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事;比起做某事,更喜欢做某事
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth
prefer doing sth to doing sth
like doing sth better than doing sth
15.
turn on
关闭(电器、水源等)
turn off
打开(电器、水源等)
turn up
开大;调高(音量、热量等)
turn down
关小;调低(音量、热量等)
16.
have gone to+地点
去了某地(未回)
不可与for或 since连用
have been to+地点
曾经去过某地(已回)
不可与for或 since连用
have been in+地点
侍在某地
表示持续性,可与for或 since连用
17.
bring
带来
从别处带到说话者的地方来
take
带走
强调从说话者处带走
fetch
去拿来
指去拿回来,是一个往返的过程
carry
携带搬;抬;运;抱
不强调动作的方向
18.
miss
错过;怀念
lose
丢失;输了
forget
忘记(忘记了带东西时,一般后面不能接地点)
leave
遗忘;丢下(忘了带东西,遗留在某地时,一般后面接地点)
19.
try on+衣物
试穿(强调动作)
put on+衣物
穿上(强调动作)
wear+衣物
穿着(强调状态)
dress+人,不加衣物
给……穿衣
dress in+颜色/衣物
穿着
20.
borrow sth. from sb.
向某人借某物(借入)
borrow是瞬间动词,不能与for或 since连用
lend sth. to sb
把某物借给某人(借出)
lend是瞬间动词,不能与for或 since连用
keep
保管
keep是持续性动词,可以与for或 since连用
21.
noise
噪音;嘈杂声
指对身体有害的声音
voice
嗓音
指人的声音,有时可指鸟的声音
sound
声音;声响
泛指所有听得见的声音
22.
alone
独自的/地;单独的/地
强调一个人
lonely
狐独的;寂寞的;偏僻的;人迹罕至的
多用于形容人的心情和地方
23.
say
说
强调说的内容
say sorry /goodbye/ hello/ thank you to sb.;say it in English
speak
讲;讲话;
演讲;发言
强调说的能力(说话的能力;讲某种语言;演讲;发言)
speak at the meeting, speak English
talk
谈话交谈;谈论
强调相互间的交谈
talk to sb., talk with sb. talk about sth,give a talk
tell
告诉;讲述;命令
把知道的东西告诉别人;叫某人做某事
tell a story, tell a lie,
tell the truth, tell sth to sb.;
tell sb to do sth
24.
win
贏得
赢得比赛、战争,获得奖品、奖学金、名誉、财产等
beat
打败
打败比赛、竞争中的对手或战争中的敌人
25.
some time
一段时间
用 how long提问,常与for连用,常用一般将来时或现在完成时
sometime
某时
常用一般将来时
sometimes
有时
用 how often提问,常用于一般现在时
some times
几次;几倍