新东方英语六级阅读考前复习.doc

英语六级阅读第页共页六级与四级的区别一词词汇量5500二句出题考长句子三段所有句子都认识但不知道整段的意思ButYetHowever转折连词后面是重点常考点四选项有迷惑选项不像四级那么清晰原文重现原文告诉你选什么你就应该选什么不能凭感觉和想象尽量少读六级更多的对点出题而不是对面出题六级题型1主旨题SumUpTitle45看文章每段第一句24WhichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassageAAdvantagesanddisadvantagesofautomationBLabourandtheeffectsofautomationCUnemploymentbenefitplansandautomationDSocialbenefitsofautomation注文章三段第一句都出现automation两段出现labour因此这两个词是重点必然在选项中出现Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperation英语六级阅读第页共页ofproductivemachineryItreducesthehumanfactorsmentalandphysicalinproductionandisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkersThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledtheSecondIndustrialRevolution注refersto下定义LaboursconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemploymentandfearsofmajorchangesinjobsInthemainlabourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitfulEventuallytheresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemploymentsinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturingmaintainingandrepairingautomationequipmentTheinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolvedAlsounionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwagesmoreleisureandimprovedlivingstandards注labour雇员ToprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomationunionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpoliciesOneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemploymenthewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossible英语六级阅读第页共页problemsinjobsandjobassignmentsSomeunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreementsrequiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofserviceAnotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactorwhichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivityItispossiblehoweverthatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation注union工会和雇员有关2词汇题找词所在句子关系转折关系例如六级很难但是找转折连词ButYetHowever并列关系例如AandB问A就把B内容填进去解释关系用because和从句inwhich等联系例如30AnidentifyingfigureLine2Para5referstoapersonAwhoservesasamodelforothersBwhoisalwayssuccessfulCwhocanbedependeduponDwhohasbeenrewardedforhissuccess文章前四段省略AdmirationofonequalityoftenleadsustoadmireapersonasawholeandhebecomesanidentifyingfigureWeusesomepeopleasmodelsoverawiderangeof英语六级阅读第页共页situationsimitatingmuchthattheydoWelearnthattheyaredependableandrewardingmodelsbecauseimitatingthemleadstosuccess注把握and前后是并列关系3细节题45直接细节因果推理暗示例如31ItisimpliedthatfiftyyearsagoAeightypercentofAmericanworkingpeoplewereemployedinfactoriesBtwentypercentofAmericanintellectualswereemployeesCthepercentageofintellectualsinthetotalworkforcewasalmostthesameasthatofindustrialworkersDthepercentageofintellectualsworkingasemployeeswasnotsolargeasthatofindustrialworkers34AccordingtothewriterprofessionalknowledgeorskillisAlessimportantthanawarenessofbeingagoodemployeeBasimportantastheabilitytodealwithpublicrelationsCmoreimportantthanemployeremployeerelationsDasimportantastheabilitytocooperatewithothersintheorganizationOurshasbecomeasocietyofemployeesAhundredyearsorsoagoonlyoneoutofeveryfiveAmericansatworkwasemployedieworkedforsomebodyelseTodayonlyoneoutoffiveisnotemployedbutworkingforhimselfAndwhenfiftyyearsagobeingemployedmeantworkingasafactorylabourerorasafarmhand英语六级阅读第页共页theemployeeoftodayisincreasinglyamiddleclasspersonwithasubstantialformaleducationholdingaprofessionalormanagementjobrequiringintellectualandtechnicalskillsIndeedtwothingshavecharacterizedAmericansocietyduringtheselastfiftyyearsmiddleclassandupperclassemployeeshavebeenthefastestgrowinggroupsinourworkingpopulationgrowingsofastthattheindustrialworkerthatoldestchildoftheIndustrialRevolutionhasbeenlosinginnumericalimportancedespitetheexpansionofindustrialproductionYetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployeeYoucanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotionYoucanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfieldwhetheritbethemechaniststradeorbookkeeping簿记EveryoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskillssetsdifferentstandardsandrequiresadifferentpreparationYettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommonAndincreasinglyespeciallyinthelargebusinessoringovernmentemployeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthespecialprofessionalknowledgeorskillCertainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtradethehigheryouclimbtheladderthemoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutiveworkthegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge4作者态度题attitude正负态度凡是文章探讨新事物正态度英语六级阅读第页共页凡是文章探讨老事物负态度例外中立题25ThewritersattitudetowardstheuseofthetelephoneisAaffectionateBdisapprovingCapprovingDneutral例子例子必出题文章有论点论据论证例子是论证用来支持论点所以简而言之例子本身不重要但前后论点极其重要例子开始的标志forexample后面跟着大写时间年代依然是举例内容例子含义的标志showtellprovedemonstratefindclearlyPage72IntheUnitedStatestheneedtoprotectplantandanimalspecieshasbecomeahighlycontroversialandsharplypoliticalissuesincethepassageoftheEndangeredSpeciesActin1973TheactdesignedtoprotectspecieslivingareasandpoliciesthatpreservelandandforestscompetewitheconomicinterestsInthe1990sforexamplethewoodcuttersintheWesternUnitedStateswerechallengedlegallyintheirattempttocuttreesfortimberintheCascadeMountainsThechallengewasmountedtoprotecttheendangeredspottedowl猫头鹰whose英语六级阅读第页共页remainingpopulationoccupiestheseforestsandrequirestheintactancientforestforsurvivalTheproblematicsituationsettheinterestsofenvironmentalistsagainstthoseofcorporationsandofindividualswhostoodtolosejobsAftermonthsofdebateandlegalbattlesthefateofthewoodcuttersandtheowlswasstillundecidedinmid1992注1controversial的意思是受争议的同sharplypoliticalissuecontro表示反2forexample前句子是重点3problematic悬而未决的SimilartensionsexistbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingnationsManypeopleinindustrializednationsforexamplebelievethatdevelopingnationsintropicalregionsshoulddomoretoprotecttheirrainforestsandothernaturalareasButthedevelopingcountriesmaybeimpoverished使穷困withpopulationsgrowingsorapidlythatusingthelandisameanstotemporarilyavoidworseningpovertyandstarvation注1tension张力冲突2看到similar就说明第二段说的和第一段一样3But转折是重点ManyofthechangestoEarththatconcernscientistshavethepotentialtorobtheplanetofitsbiologicalrichnessThedestructionofEarthsozonelayer臭氧层forexamplecouldcontributetothegeneralprocessofimpoverishmentbyallowing英语六级阅读第页共页ultravioletraystoharmplantsandanimalsAndglobalwarmingcouldwipeoutspeciesunabletoquicklyadapttochangingclimatesClearlyprotectingwillcomeonlythroughcoordinatedinternationaleffortstocontrolhumanpopulationstabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereandpreserveintactEarthscomplexweblife36WhydoestheauthorsaythattheprotectionofendangeredspeciesisahighlycontroversialissueABecausepeoplecantagreeastowhatspeciestoprotectBBecauseitisdifficulttofindaneffectivewaytoprotectsuchspeciesCBecauseitaffectstheinterestsofcertaingroupsofpeopleDBecauseitisamajorprobleminvolvingaseriesoflegalprocedures注细节题第一段economicinterests表示绝对的词45出现在文章中是非常重要的出题点如果出现在选项中很可能是不对的全无nonnothingneverseldomabsolutelyhardlylittlefewpreventexcludeneithernor全有alleveryfulleither唯一onlyexactlybestmost37AccordingtothepassagethepreservationofrainforestsAmayhamperadevelopingcountryinitsfightagainstpoverty英语六级阅读第页共页BbenefitsdevelopedcountriesratherthandevelopingcountriesCshouldtakepriorityoverthecontrolofhumanpopulationDwillhelpimprovethelivingconditionsindevelopingcountries注细节题对应文章第二段举例前那句话更重要只要表达出和经济利益冲突就对了38AccordingtothepassagecuttingtresstogrowmorefoodAwillwidenthegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountriesBisbutashorttermrelieftothefoodproblemCcanhardlyalleviatetheshortageoffoodDprovestobeaneffectivewayoutforimpoverishednations注对应文章第二段Shortterm对应temporarilyrelief对应avoid39AmonghumanityscurrentproblemsLine6Para3thechiefconcernofthescientistsisAtheimpoverishmentofdevelopingcountriesBtheexplosionofthehumanpopulationCthereductionofbiologicaldiversityDtheeffectofglobalwarming注第三段C选项中reduction对应robdiversity对应richness40TheauthorspurposeinwritingthispassageisAtodescribethedifficultiesinsolvinghumanityscurrentproblems英语六级阅读第页共页BtopresentthedifferentviewsonhumanityscurrentproblemsCtoanalyzethecontradictionbetweencountriesindealingwithhumanityscurrentproblemsDtopointoutthathumanityscurrentproblemscanonlybesolvedthroughthecooperationofnations注看最后一句话cooperationofnations对应coordinatedinternationaleffortsPage80WesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxietybutstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstooInoneexperimentforexamplebehavioralimmunologist免疫学家MarkLaudenslgerattheUniversityofDenvergavemildelectricshocksto24ratsHalftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosurewhiletheotherhalfcouldmotTheratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshockLaudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricityWhathehasdemonstratedhebelievesisthatlackofcontroloveraneventnottheexperienceitselfiswhatweakenstheimmunesystem注1vulnerable易受伤害的2immunedefense免疫系统3found之后是试验告诉我们的观点4depress压抑de往下英语六级阅读第页共页OtherresearchersagreeJayWeissapsychologistatDukeUniversitySchoolofMedicinehasshownthatanimalswhoareallowedtocontrolunpleasantstimulidontdevelopsleepdisturbancesorchangesinbrainchemistrytypicalofstressedratsButiftheanimalsareconfrontedwithsituationstheyhavenocontrolovertheylaterbehavepassivelywhenfacedwithexperiencestheycancontrolSuchfindingsreinforcepsychologistssuspicionsthattheexperienceorperceptionofhelplessnessisoneofthemostharmfulfactorsindepression注1看第一句三个单词就知道本段内容和上一段相同2passive被动的21LaudenslagersexperimentshowedthattheimmunesystemofthoseratswhocouldturnofftheelectricityAwasstrengthenedBwasnotaffectedCwasalteredDwasweakened注定位文章第一段found之后22AccordingtothepassagetheexperienceofhelplessnesscausesratstoAtrytocontrolunpleasantstimuliBturnofftheelectricity英语六级阅读第页共页CbecomeabnormallysuspiciousDbehavepassivelyincontrollablesituations注定位第二段But之后那句话23ThereasonwhythemiceinAdersexperimentavoidedsaccharinwasthatAtheydislikeditstasteBitaffectedtheirimmunesystemsCitledtostomachpainsDtheyassociateditwithstomachaches22ThefirstparagraphismainlyaboutAtheteenagerscriticismoftheirparentsBmisunderstandingsbetweenteenagersandtheirparentsCthedominanceoftheparentsovertheirchildrenDtheteenagersabilitytodealwithcrises注段落主旨B和C只说了一部分ItisnaturalforyoungpeopletobecriticaloftheirparentsattimesandtoblamethemformostofthemisunderstandingsbetweenthemTheyhavealwayscomplainedmoreorlessjustlythattheirparentsareoutoftouchwithmodernwaysthattheyarepossessiveanddominantthattheydonottrusttheirchildrentodealwithcrisesthattheytalktoomuchaboutcertainproblemsandthattheyhavenosenseofhumouratleastinparentchildrelationshipsIthinkitistruethatparents英语六级阅读第页共页oftenunderestimatetheirteenagechildrenandalsoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhenyoungYoungpeopleoftenirritatetheirparentswiththeirchoicesinclothesandhairstylesinentertainersandmusicThisisnottheirmotiveTheyfeelcutofffromtheadultworldintowhichtheyhavenotyetbeenacceptedSotheycreateacultureandsocietyoftheirownThenifitturnsoutthattheirmusicorentertainersorvocabularyorclothesorhairstylesirritatetheirparentsthisgivesthemadditionalenjoymentTheyfeeltheyaresuperioratleastinasmallwayandthattheyareleadersinstyleandtaste注1critical吹毛求疵的很重要的40ThemainideaofthispassageisthatAattentionmustbedirectedtotheimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesBbetteruseofgreenspacefacilitiesshouldbemadesoastoimprovethequalityofourlifeCtheurbanenvironmentisprovidingmorerecreationactivitiesthanitdidmanyyearsagoDprioritymustbegiventothedevelopmentofobligatoryactivitiesGreenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironmentFortunatelyitisnolongernecessarythateverylectureoreverybookaboutthissubjecthastostartwiththeproofofthisideaAtpresentitisgenerallyacceptedalthoughmoreasaselfevidentstatementthanonthebaseofacloselyreasonedscientificproofTherecognitionoftheimportanceofgreenspaces英语六级阅读第页共页intheurbanenvironmentisafirststepontherightwaythisdoesnotmeanhoweverthatsufficientdetailsareknownaboutthefunctionsofgreenspaceintownsandaboutthewayinwhichtheinhabitantsareusingthesespacesAstothisrathercomplexsubjectIshallwithinthescopeofthislectureenterintooneaspectonlynamelytherecreativefunctionofgreenspacefacilities注GF对城乡环境有重要的贡献ThetheoreticalseparationoflivingworkingtrafficandrecreationwhichformanyyearshasbeenusedintownandcountryplanninghasinmyopinionresultedindisproportionateattentionforformsofrecreationfarfromhomewhereastherewasrelativelylittleattentionforimprovementofrecreativepossibilitiesinthedirectneighbourhoodofthehomeWehavecometotheconclusionthatthisisnotrightbecauseanimportantpartofthetimewhichwedonotpassinsleepingorworkingisusedforactivitiesatandaroundhomeSoitisobviousthatrecreationintheopenairhastobeginatthestreetdoorofthehouseTheurbanenvironmenthastoofferasmanyrecreationactivitiesaspossibleandthedesignofthesehastobesuchthatmoreobligatoryactivitiescanalsohavearecreativeaspectTheverybeststandardoflivingisnothingifitisnotpossibletotakeapleasantwalkinthedistrictifthechildrencannotbeallowedtoplayinthestreetsbecausetherisksoftrafficaretoogreatifduringshoppingyoucannowherefindaspotforenjoyingforamomenttheniceweatherinshortifyouonlyfeelyourselfathomeafterthestreetdoorofyourhouseisclosedafteryou英语六级阅读第页共页23ThepassagemainlydealswithAthelifespanoftheMojaveshrimpsBthesurvivalofdesertshrimpsCtheimportanceofwatertolifeDlifeintheMojaveDesert注三段出现shrimp说明本文主要讲shrimp排除C和DA选项lifespan没出现过TherearedesertplantswhichsurvivethedryseasonintheformofinactiveseedsTherearealsodesertinsectswhichsurviveasinactivelarvae幼虫Inadditiondifficultasitistobelievetherearedesertfishwhichcansurvivethroughyearsofdrought干旱intheformofinactiveeggsThesearetheshrimps小虾thatliveintheMojaveDesertanintenselydryregioninthesouthwestoftheUnitedStateswhereshadetemperaturesofover50CareoftenrecordedTheeggsoftheMojaveshrimpsarethesizeandhavetheappearanceofgrainsofsandWhensufficientspringrainfallstoformalakeonceeverytwotofiveyearstheseeggshatch孵化ThenthewaterissoonfilledwithmillionsoftinyshrimpsaboutamillimetrelongwhichfeedontinyplantandanimalorganismswhichalsogrowinthetemporarydesertlakeWithinaweektheshrimpsgrowfromtheiroriginal1millimetretoalengthofabout15centimetresThroughoutthetimethattheshrimpsarerapidlymaturingthewaterinthelakeequallyrapidlyevaporatesThereforefortheshrimpsitisaraceagainsttimeBythetwelfthdayhoweverwhentheyareabout3centimetrelonghundredsoftiny英语六级阅读第页共页eggsformontheunderbodiesofthefemalesUsuallybythistimeallthatremainsofthelakeisalargemuddypatchofwetsoilOnthethirteenthdayandthenextduringthefinalhoursoftheirbrieflivestheshrimpslaytheireggsinthemudThenhavingensuredthattheirspecieswillsurvivetheshrimpsdieasthelastofthewaterevaporatesIfsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlaketheeggshatchandonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowthadulthoodegglayinganddeathSomeyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalakeinthiscasetheeggswillremaindormantforanotheryearsorevenlongerifnecessaryVeryveryoccasionallyperhapstwiceinahundredyearssufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormoreInthiscasethespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowthegglayinganddeathThusonsuchoccasionsthespeciesmultipliesconsiderablywhichfurtherensuresitssurvival40ThemostappropriatetitleforthepassagewouldbeAThewellbeingofCareerWomenBSourcesofMasteryandPleasureCTwoAspectsofWomensWellBeingDFreedomRolesWomeninSociety注A选项career缩小了范围B选项没出现woman扩大了选项Inourculturethesourcesofwhatwecallasenseofmastery4545feelingimportantandworthwhileandthesourcesofwhatwecallasensepleasure英语六级阅读第页共页findinglifeenjoyablearenotalwaysidenticalWomenoftenaretoldYoucanthaveitallSometimeswhatthespeakerreallyissayingisYouchoseacareersoyoucantexpecttohavecloserrelationshipsorahappyfamilylifeorYouhaveawonderfulhusbandandchildren45WhatsallthisaboutwantingacareerButwomenneedtounderstandanddevelopbothaspectsofwellbeingiftheyaretofeelgoodaboutthemselvesOurstudyshowsthatforwomenwellbeinghastwodimensionsOneismasterywhichincludesselfesteem自尊asenseofcontroloveryourlifeandlowlevelsofanxietyanddepressionMasteryiscloselyrelatedtothedoingsideoflifetoworkandactivityPleasureistheotherdimensionsanditiscomposedofhappinesssatisfactionandoptimism乐观ItistiedmorecloselytothefeelingsideoflifeThetwoareindependentofeachotherAwomancouldbehighinmasteryandlowinpleasureandviceversaForexampleawomanwhohasagoodjobbutwhosemotherhasjustdiedmightbefeelingverygoodaboutherselfandincontrolofherworklifebutthepleasuresidecouldbedamagedforatimeTheconceptsofmasteryandpleasurecanhelpusidentifythesourcesofwellbeingforwomenandremedypastmistakesInthepastwomenwereencouragedtolookonlyatthefeelingsideoflifeasthesourceofallwellbeingButweknowthatbothmasteryandpleasurearecriticalAndmasteryseemstobeachievedlargelythroughworkInourstudyallthegroupsofemployedwomenratedsignificantlyhigherinmasterythandidwomenwhowerenotemployed英语六级阅读第页共页Awomanswellbeingisenhanced增进whenshetakesonmultiplerolesAtleastbymiddleadulthoodthewomenwhowereinvolvedinacombinationofrolesmarriagesmotherhoodandemploymentwerethehighestinwellbeingdespitewarningsaboutstressandstrain30ThebesttittleforthepassagewouldbeAApplesEffortssoStayAheadofIBMBApplesNewComputerTechnologyCApplesNewpersonalComputersDApplesResearchActivitiesThecompetitionamongproducersofpersonalcomputersisessentiallyaracetogetthebestmostinnovativeproductstothemarketplaceMarketersinthisenvironmentfrequentlyhavetomakeajudgementastotheircompetitorsrolewhenmakingmarketingstrategydecisionsIfmajorcompetitorsarechangingtheirproductsthenamarketermaywanttofollowsuittoremaincompetitiveAppleComputerInchasintroducedtwonewfasterpersoncomputerstheMacintoshIIandMacintoshSEinanticipationoftheintroductionofanewPCbyIBMoneofApplesmajorcompetitorsApplesnewcomputersaremuchfasterandmorepowerfulthanitsearliermodelsTheimprovedMacintoshisabletorunprogramsthatpreviouslywereimpossibletorunonanApplePCincludingIBMcompatibleprogramsThiscompatibilityfeatureillustratescomputermanufacturersnewattitudeofgiving英语六级阅读第页共页customersthefeaturestheywantMaltingApplecomputerscapableofrunningIBMsoftwareisAppleseffortatmakingtheMackintoshcompatiblewithIBMcomputersandthusmorepopularintheofficewhereApplehopestoincreasesalesUsersofthenewApplecanalsoaddaccessoriestomaketheirmachinesspecializeinspecificusessuchasengineeringandwritingThenewcomputersrepresentabigimprovementoverpastmodelsbuttheyalsocostmuchmoreCompanyofficialsdonotthinkthehigherpricewillslowdownbuyerswhowanttostepuptoamorepowerfulcomputerApplewantstostayinthehighpriceendofthepersonalcomputermarkertofinanceresearchforevenfastermoresophisticatedcomputersEventhoughAppleandIBMaremajorcompetitorsbothcompaniesrealizethattheircompetitorscomputershavecertainfeaturesthattheirownmodelsdonotTheApplelinehasalwaysbeenpopularforitssophisticatedcolorgraphicswhereastheIBMmachineshavealwaysbeenfavoredinofficesInthefuturetherewillprobablybemorecompatibilitybetweenthetwocompaniesproductswhichnodoubtwillrequirethatbothAppleandIBMchangemarketingstrategies25WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageAComputersandtheKnowledgeSocietyBServiceindustriesinModernSocietyCFeaturesandImplicationsoftheNewEraDRapidAdvancementofinformationTechnology英语六级阅读第页共页注一个选项能概括每一段的内容或者大多数段的内容即看每段首句主旨题的迷惑选项末段内容细节内容加词缩小范围减词扩大范围AneweraisuponusCallitwhatyouwilltheserviceeconomytheinformationagetheknowledgesocietyItalltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewayweworkAlreadywerepartlythereThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorldTodaythemajorityofjobsinAmericaEuropeandJapantwothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountriesareintheserviceindustryandthenumberisontheriseMorewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbeforeTherearemoreparttimejobsMorepeopleareselfemployedButthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcantbemeasuredbynumbersalonebecauseitalsoisgivingrisetoaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitselfLongheldnotionsaboutjobsandcareerstheskillsneededtosucceedeventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployersallthesearebeingchallengedWehaveonlytolookbehindtogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieaheadNoonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseenthewaysinwhichasingleinventionthechipwouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputersdigitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobotsTomorrowsachievementsinbiotechnologyartificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwaveofdramaticchangesButonethingiscertaininformationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevitalandthepeoplewhopossessitwhetherthey英语六级阅读第页共页workinmanufacturingorserviceswillhavetheadvantageandproducethewealthComputerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwriteTheabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelseIfyoucastyourmindahead10yearsinformationserviceswillbepredominantItwillbethewayyoudoyourjob25WhichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthemainideaofthepassageAMusicalinstrumentsdevelopedthroughtheyearswillsoonerlaterbereplacedbycomputersBcannotbepassedontofuturegenerationunlessitisrecordedCFolksongscannotspreadfarunlesstheyareprintedonmusicsheetsDThedevelopmentofmusiccultureishighlydependentoritsmaterialaspectMaterialculturereferstothetouchablematerialthingsphysicalobjectsthatcanbeseenheldfeltusedthatacultureproducesExaminingaculturestoolsandtechnologycantellusaboutthegroupshistoryandwayoflifeSimilarlyresearchintothematerialcultureofmusiccanhelpustounderstandthemusiccultureThemostvividbodyofthingsinitofcoursearemusicalinstrumentsWecannothearforourselvestheactualsoundofanymusicalperformancebeforethe1870swhenthephonographwasinventedsowerelyoninstrumentsforimportantinformationaboutmusicculturesittheremotepastandtheirdevelopmentHerewehavetwokindsofevidenceinstrumentswellpreservedandinstrumentspicturesinartThroughthestudyofinstrumentsaswellpreservedPaintingswrittendocumentsandsoonwecanexplorethemovementofmusicfromtheNeatEast英语六级阅读第页共页toChinaoverathousandyearsagoorwecanoutlinethespreadofNeareasterninfluencetoEuropethatresultsinthedevelopmentofmostoftheinstrumentsonthesymphonyorchestraSheetmusicorprintedmusictooismaterialcultureScholarsoncedefinedfolkmusicculturesasthoseinwithpeoplelearnandsingmusicbyearratherthanfromprintbutresearchshowmutualinfluenceamongoralandwrittensourcesduringthepastfewcenturiesinEuropeBritainandAmericaprintedversionslimitvarietybecausetheytendtostandardizeanysongyettheystimulatepeopletocreatenewanddifferentsongsBesidestheabilitytoreadmusicnotationhasafarreachingeffectonmusiciansandwhenitbecomeswidespreadonthemusiccultureasawholeOnemoreimportantpartofmusicsmaterialcultureshouldbesingledouttheinfluenceoftheelectronicmediaradiorecordplayertaperecordertelevisionandvideocassettewiththefuturepromisingtalkingandsingingcomputersandotherdevelopmentsThisallpartoftheinformationrevolutionatwentiethcenturyphenomenonasimportantastheindustrialrevolutionwasinthenineteenthTheseelectronicmediaarenotjustlimitedtomodemnationstheyhaveaffectedmusicculturesallovertheglobe25WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutAdifferentwaysoftreatingsocioculturalelementsinthethreenewEnglishdictionariesBAcomparisonofpeoplesopinionsontheculturalcontentinthethreenewEnglish英语六级阅读第页共页dictionariesCTheadvantagesoftheBBCdictionaryoverOxfordandLongmanDTheuserfriendlinessofthethreenewEnglishdictionariesThreeEnglishdictionariespublishedrecentlyalllayclaimtopossessinganewfeatureTheBBCEnglishDictionarycontainsbackgroundinformationonl000peopleandplacesprominentinthenewssince1988theOxfordAdvancedLearnersDictionaryEncyclopedicEditionistheOALDplusencyclopedicentriestheLongmanDictionaryofEnglishLanguageandCultureistheLMEplusculturalinformationThekeyfactisthatallthreedictionariescanbeseentohaveadistinctlyculturalaswellaslanguagelearningcontentThatbeingsaidthewayinwhichtheyapproachtheculturalelementisnotidenticalmakingdirectcomparisonsbetweenthethreedifficultWhilethereissomecommongroundbetweentheencyclopedicandculturalentriesfortheOxfordandLongmandictionariesthereisacleardifferenceOxfordlaysclaimtobeingencyclopediconcontentwhereasLongmandistinctlyconcentratesonthelanguageandcultureoftheEnglishspeakingworldTheOxforddictionarycanthereforestandmorevigorousscrutinyforculturalbiasthantheLongmanpublicationbecausethelatterdoesnothesitateaboutviewingtherestoftheworldfromtheculturalperspectivesoftheEnglishspeakingworldTheculturalobjectivesoftheBBCdictionaryareinturnmoredistinctstillBasedonananalysisofover70millionwordsrecordedfromtheBBCWorldServiceandNationalPublic英语六级阅读第页共页RadioofWashingtonoveraperiodoffouryearstheir1000briefencyclopedicentriesarebasedonpeopleandplacesthathavefeaturedinthenewsrecentlyTheintendedusertheyhaveinmindisaregularlistenertotheWorldServicewhowillhaveareasonablestandardofEnglishandadevelopedskillinlisteningcomprehensionInrealitythoughtheBBCdictionarywillbepurchasedbyafarwiderrangeoflanguagelearnersaswilltheothertwodictionariesWewillbefacedwithasituationwheremanyoftheusersofthesedictionarieswillattheveryleasthavedistinctsocioculturalperspectivesandmayhaveworldviewswhicharetotallyopposedandevenhostiletothoseoftheWestAdvancedlearnersfromthiskindofbackgroundwillnotonlyevaluateadictionaryonhowuserfriendlyitisbutwillalsohavedefiniteviewsaboutthescopeandappropriatenessofthevarioussocioculturalentries35WhatisthepassagemainlyaboutADressingforeffectBHowtodressappropriatelyCManagerialpositionsandclothingDDressingfortheoccasionClothesplayacriticalpartintheconclusionswereachbyprovidingcluestowhopeoplearewhotheyarenotandwhotheywouldliketobeTheytellusagooddealaboutthewearersbackgroundpersonalitystatusmoodandsocialoutlook注critical重要的英语六级阅读第页共页SinceclothesaresuchanimportantsourceofsocialinformationwecanusethemtomanipulatepeoplesimpressionofusOurappearanceassumesparticularsignificanceintheinitialphasesofinteractionthatislikelytooccurAnelderlymiddleclassmanorwomanmaybealienated疏远byayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmannerregardlessofthepersonseducationbackgroundorinterests注manipulate控制操纵PeopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmeanAdolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits套装includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrinkNewscastersortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTVareconsideredtobemoreconvincinghonestandcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservativelyAndcollagestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfullyMoreovermanyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweactedPerhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituationsuchasajobintervieworacourtappearanceIntheworkplacemenhavelonghadwelldefinedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccessIthasbeenotherwiseforwomenAgoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureofmasculineand英语六级阅读第页共页feminineattributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothingThevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformenMaleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplaylessfemininegrooming打扮shorterhairmoderateuseofmakeupandplaintailoredclothingAsonemaleadministratorconfessedAnattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterviewbutshewontgetajob方法例外40ThebesttitleforthispassagewouldbeARoleofWomenandMinoritiesinManagementBTheImportanceofBeingVisibleCJobPerformanceandAdvancementDSexandCareerSuccess注关键句在concludesthat那句本题也可通过文中汉语解释蒙出来怎么蒙看给出的解释45重要词汇才给出解释看前面细节题45把提干关键词加起来ThemorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagementthemoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaidThenewcomersalsotendtoseeofficematterswithafresheyeintheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysesoftheforcesthatshapeeveryonesexperienceintheorganizationConsiderthenovelviewsofHarveyColemanofAtlantaonthesubjectofgetting英语六级阅读第页共页aheadColemanisblackHespent11yearswithIBMhalfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopmentandnowservesasaconsultanttothelikesofATampTCocaColaPrudentialandMerchColemansaysthatbasedonwhathesseenatbigcompaniesheweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlongtermcareersuccessasfollowsperformancecountsamere10image30andexposureafull60ColemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthesedaysthatwhiledoingyourworkwellmaywinyoupayincreasesitwontsecureyouthebigpromotionHefindsthatadvancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourworkandhowhighuptheyareRidiculousbeliefsNottomanypeopleespeciallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraceswholikeColemanfeelthatthescales障眼物havedroppedfromtheireyesWomenandblacksinorganizationsworkunderfalsebeliefssaysKaleelJamisonaNewYorkbasedmanagementconsultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeseissuesTheythinkthatifyouworkhardyoullgetaheadthatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotionSheaddsMostwomenandblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinktheyvegottenaheadbecauseoftheirsexorcolorthattheyplaydown使不突出theirvisibilityHeradvicetothosefolkslearnthewaysthatwhitemaleshavetraditionallyusedtofindtheirwayintothespotlight25TheauthoriscriticalmainlyofAinferiorpackaging英语六级阅读第页共页BdishonestpackagingCthechangesinpackagesizeDexaggeratedillustrationsonpackagesItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptive欺骗性的packagingrumpus喧嚣startedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedbyhimMrsHartandtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrowerwithadeclineofnetweightfrom12to105ounceswithoutanyreductioninpriceTherewerestilltwelvebiscuitsbuttheyhadbeenreducedinsizeLatertheSenatorrightlycomplainedofastoreboughtpieinahandsomelyillustratedboxthatpicturedinasingleslicealmostasmanycherriesastherewereinthewholepie文章中出现的语言现象对比关系极端对比一般对比转折例子绝对IntheworldofentertainmentTVtalkshowshaveundoubtedlyfloodedeveryinchofspaceondaytimetelevisionAndanyonewhowatchesthemregularlyknowsthateachonevariesinstyleandformatButnotwoshowsaremoreprofoundlyoppositeincontentwhileatthesametimestandingoutabovetherestthantheJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyshows注点名文章讲的脱口秀而且是JS和OW脱口秀JerrySpringercouldeasilybeconsideredthekingoftrashtalk废话ThetopicsonhisshowareasshockingasshockingcanbeForexampletheshowtakestheevercommontalkshowthemesoflovesexcheatingguilthateconflictand英语六级阅读第页共页moralitytoadifferentlevelClearlytheJerrySpringershowisadisplayandexploitationofsocietysmoralcatastrophes灾难yetpeoplearewillingtoeatuptheintriguingpredicaments困境ofotherpeopleslivesLikeJerrySpringerOprahWinfreytakesTVtalkshowtoitsextremebutOprahgoesintheoppositedirectionTheshowfocusesontheimprovementofsocietyandanindividualsqualityoflifeTopicsrangefromteachingyourchildrenresponsibilitymanagingyourworkweeklytogettingtoknowyourneighborsComparedtoOprahtheJerrySpringershowlookslikepoisonouswastebeingdumpedonsocietyJerryendseveryshowwithafinalwordHemakesasmallspeechthatsumsuptheentiremoraloftheshowHopefullythisisthepartwheremostpeoplewilllearnsomethingveryvaluable注dump倾销反倾销antidumpCleanasitistheOprahshowisnotforeveryoneTheshowsmaintargetaudiencearemiddleclassAmericansMostofthesepeoplehavethetimemoneyandstabilitytodealwithlifestougherproblemsJerrySpringerontheotherhandhasmoreofanassociationwiththeyoungadultsofsocietyTheseare18to21yearoldswhosemaintroublesinlifeinvolveloverelationshipsexmoneyandpeersTheyaretheoneswhoseesomevalueandlessonstobelearnedunderneaththeshowsexploitationWhilethetwoshowsareasdifferentasnightanddaybothhaveruledthetalkshowcircuitformanyyearsnowEachonecaterstoadifferentaudiencewhileboth英语六级阅读第页共页haveastrongfollowingfromlargegroupsoffansIronicallybothcouldalsobeconsideredpioneersinthetalkshowworld注1circuit圈子2ironically具有讽刺意味的21ComparedwithotherTVtalkshowsboththeJerrySpringerandtheOprahWinfreyareAmorefamilyorientedBunusuallypopularCmoreprofoundDrelativelyformal注第一段22ThoughthesocialproblemsJerrySpringertalksaboutappeardistastefultheaudienceAremainfascinatedbythemBarereadytofaceuptothemCremainindifferenttothemDarewillingtogetinvolvedinthem注第二段eatupB和D是一回事23WhichofthefollowingislikelytobeatopicoftheOprahWinfreyshowAAnewtypeofrobotBRacisthatred英语六级阅读第页共页CFamilybudgetplanningDStreetviolence注第三段最后举了三个例子24DespitetheirdifferentapproachesthetwotalkshowsarebothAironicalBsensitiveCinstructiveDcynical注instructivein引导struct结构有启发的cynical愤世嫉俗的25WecanlearnfromthepassagethatthetwotalkshowsAhavemonopolizedthetalkshowcircuitBexploittheweaknessesinhumannatureCappearatdifferenttimesofthedayDaretargetedatdifferentaudiences注monopolise垄断D对应倒数第二段TounderstandthemarketingconceptitisonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandsellingNottoomanyyearsagomostindustriesconcentratedprimarilyontheefficientproductionofgoodsandthenreliedonpersuasivesalesmanshiptomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossibleSuchproductionandsellingfocusesontheneedsofthesellertoproducegoodsandthenconvertthemintomoney英语六级阅读第页共页MarketingontheotherhandfocusesonthewantsofconsumersItbeginswithfirstanalyzingthepreferencesanddemandsofconsumersandthenproducinggoodsthatwillsatisfythemThiseyeontheconsumerapproachisknownasthemarketingconceptwhichsimplymeansthatinsteadoftryingtosellwhateveriseasiesttoproduceorbuyforresalethemakersanddealersfirstendeavortofindoutwhattheconsumerwantstobuyandthengoaboutmakingitavailableforpurchase注第一段说selling第二段说marketingThisconceptdoesnotimplythatbusinessisbenevolent慈善的orthatconsumersatisfactionisgivenpriorityoverprofitinacompanyTherearealwaystwosidestoeverybusinesstransactionthefirmandthecustomerandeachmustbesatisfiedbeforetradeoccursSuccessfulmerchantsandproducershoweverrecognizethatthesurestroutetoprofitisthroughunderstandingandcateringtocustomersAstrikingexampleoftheimportanceofcateringtotheconsumerpresenteditselfinmid1985whenCocaColachangedtheflavorofitsdrinkThenonacceptanceofthenewflavorbyasignificantportionofthepublicbroughtaboutapromptrestorationoftheClassicCokewhichwasthenmarketedalongsidethenewKingCustomerruled26ThemarketingconceptdiscussedinthepassageisinessenceAthepracticeofturninggoodsintomoneyBmakinggoodsavailableforpurchase英语六级阅读第页共页CthecustomercentredapproachDaformofpersuasivesalesmanship注原文第三段catertocustomer基于客户的A和B是两者共同特征D对应第一段selling27WhatwasthemainconcernofindustrialistsbeforethemarketingconceptwaswidelyacceptedATheneedsofthemarketBTheefficiencyofproductionCThesatisfactionoftheuserDThepreferencesofthedealer注第一段第二句28AccordingtothepassagetomoveasmuchofthesegoodsaspossibleLines34ParaImeansAtosellthelargestpossibleamountofgoodsBtotransportgoodsasefficientlyaspossibleCtodisposeofthesegoodsinlargequantitiesDtoredesignthesegoodsforlargescaleproduction29WhatdoestherestorationoftheClassicCokebestillustrateATraditionalgoodshaveastrongerappealtothemajorityofpeopleBIttakestimeforanewproducttobeacceptedbythepublicCConsumerswithconservativetastesareoftendifficulttoplease英语六级阅读第页共页DProductsmustbedesignedtosuitthetasteoftheconsumer30IndiscussingthemarketingconcepttheauthorfocusesonAitsmaincharacteristicBitssocialimpactCitspossibleconsequenceDitstheoreticalbasis注写作方法题答题要问What能回答选项是对的本文讲市场营销的特点33TheworddubiousL2Para2mostprobablymeansAvaluableBusefulCdoubtfulDhelpful注烂的没意义的YetyouwillfinelittleifanythingwrittenonwhatitistobeanemployeeYoucanfindagreatdealofverydubiousadviceonhowtogetajoborhowtogetapromotionYoucanalsofindagooddealofworkinachosenfieldwhetheritbethemechaniststradeorbookkeeping簿记EveryoneofthesetradesrequiresdifferentskillssetsdifferentstandardsandrequiresadifferentpreparationYettheyallhaveemployeeshipincommonAndincreasinglyespeciallyinthelargebusinessoringovernmentemployeeshipismoreimportanttosuccessthanthe英语六级阅读第页共页specialprofessionalknowledgeorskillCertainlymorepeoplefailbecausetheydonotknowtherequirementsofbeinganemployeethanbecausetheydonotadequatelypossesstheskillsoftheirtradethehigheryouclimbtheladderthemoreyougetintoadministrativeorexecutiveworkthegreatertheemphasisonabilitytoworkwithintheorganizationratherthanontechnicalabilitiesorprofessionalknowledge24ThewordhasslesinthepassageLine3Para3probablymeansAquarrelsBworriesCdisadvantagesDagreements注不平衡的行为LivingathomesaysKnightonaschoolteachercontinuestogivehersecurityandmoralsupportHermotheragreedItsridiculousforthekidstopayallthatmoneyforrentItmakessenseforkidstostayathomeButsharingthefamilyhomerequiresadjustmentsforallTherearethehasslesoverbathroomstelephonesandprivacy不受干扰的生活SomefamilieshowevermanagethedelicatebalancingactButforothersitprovestoodifficultMichelleDelTurco24hasbeenhomethreetimesandleftthreetimesWhatIconsideredasocialdrinkmydadconsideredanalcoholproblemsheexplainsHeneverlikedanyoneIdated约会soIeitherhadtohideawayormeetthematfriendshouse英语六级阅读第页共页34ThewordsubjectsLine1Para4referstoAtheperformancetestsusedinthestudyofsleepdeficitBspecialbranchesofknowledgethatarebeingstudiedCpeoplewhosebehaviororreactionsarebeingstudiedDthepsychologicalconsequencesofsleepdeficit注做算术题和背文章指人TodeterminetheconsequencesofsleepdeficitresearchershaveputsubjectsthroughasetofpsychologicalandperformancetestsrequiringthemforinstancetoaddcolumnsofnumbersorrecallapassagereadtothemonlyminutesearlierWevefoundthatifyoureinsleepdeficitperformancesufferssaysDrDavidShorttermmemoryisweakenedasareabilitiestomakedecisionsandtoconcentrate37ToliveacompletelysedentarylifestyleLine7Para1inthepassagemeansAtoliveadecentlifeBtoliveaninactivelifeCtolivealifeofviceDtolivealifewithcompletefreedomTheconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantoneAnestimated90percentofallillnessmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledgeWeall英语六级阅读第页共页enjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsocietyThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealthIfwesodesirewecansmokedrinkexcessivelyrefusetowearseatbeltseatwhateverfoodwewantandliveacompletelysedentarylifestylewithoutanyexerciseThefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursocietyalthoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestionedPersonalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficultyAsoneexampleateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo24TheworddormantPara4Line3mostprobablymeansAinactiveBstrongCalertDsoftIfsufficientrainfallsthenextyeartoformanotherlaketheeggshatchandonceagaintheshrimpspassrapidlythroughtheircycleofgrowthadulthoodegglayinganddeathSomeyearsthereisinsufficientraintoformalakeinthiscasetheeggswillremaindormantforanotheryearsorevenlongerifnecessaryVeryveryoccasionallyperhapstwiceinahundredyearssufficientrainfallstoformadeeplakethatlastsamonthormoreInthiscasethespeciespassesthroughtwocyclesofgrowthegglayinganddeathThusonsuchoccasionsthespecies英语六级阅读第页共页multipliesconsiderablywhichfurtherensuresitssurvival33FromthecontexttheworddisconcertingPara3Line2mostprobablymeansAmisleadingBembarrassingCstimulatingagoalwitDupsetting注焦虑anxietyTosomethethoughtofhavingtowriteanassignednumberofpagesoftenmorethaneverproducedbeforeisdisconcertingTootherstheveryideaofhavingtoworkindependentlyisthreateningButthereisnoneedtoapproachtheresearchpaperassignmentwithanxietyandnobodyshouldviewtheresearchpaperasanobstacletoovercomeInsteadconsideritagoaltoaccomplishagoalwithinreachifyouusethehelpthisbookcangiveyou21Thewordpinpointpara1basicallymeansAappreciateBobtainCinterpretDidentifyTheprocessofperceivingotherpeopleisrarelytranslatedtoourselvesorothersintocoldobjectivetermsShewas5feet8inchestallhadhadfairhair英语六级阅读第页共页andworeacoloredskirtMoreoftenwetrytogetinsidetheotherpersontopinpointhisorherattitudesemotionsmotivationsabilitiesideasandcharactersFurthermorewesometimesbehaveasifwecanaccomplishthisdifficultjobveryquicklyperhapswithatwosecondglance31ThewordparadoxPara1meansAimplicationBcontradictionCinterpretationDconfusionItisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesashardthesocialsciencesassoftandthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetweenThisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystemsandtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystemIntermsofourcapacitytosampletherelevantuniverseshoweverandtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrectonesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonableWeareabletosampleearthssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigatedOurknowledgeofmalsystemsthereforewhileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurateisnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveriesEventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearningspendingorganizingmarryingtakingpartinpoliticalactivitiesfightingandsoonisnotverydissimilar英语六级阅读第页共页fromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialscienceseventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience26ThewordliabilityPara1mostprobablymeansAmisfortuneBinstabilityCdisadvantageDburdenBeautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthyAlmosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierandhealthierhavebettermarriagesandhavemorerespectableoccupationsPersonalconsultantsgivethembetteradviceforfindingjobsEvenjudgesaresofteronattractivedefendantsButintheexecutivecirclebeautycanbecomealiability28ThephrasefunctioninthedisserviceofoneanotherPara1mostprobablymeansAbetrayeachotherBharmoneanotherChelptocollaboratewitheachotherDbenefitonanotherThequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworldsgreatwritersBeforeconsideringthisquestionitwillusefultointroducesomerelatedconceptsConflictdefinedasoppositionamongsocial英语六级阅读第页共页entitiesdirectedagainstoneanotherisdistinguishedfromcompetitiondefinedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupplyCompetitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanotherwhilethepartiestoaconflictareConflictandviceofoneanotherOppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperationtheprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanotherThesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresourcesbutconflictisnotConflictneverthelessisverylikelytooccurandisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties33ThewordprecedentLine1Para4probablyreferstoAearlyactsformentofollowasexamplesBparticularplacesformentooccupyespeciallybecauseoftheirimportanceCthingsthatmenshouldagreeuponDmensbeliefsthateverythingintheworldhasalreadybeendecidedIntheworkplacemenhavelonghadwelldefinedprecedentsandrolemodelsforachievingsuccessIthasbeenotherwiseforwomenAgoodmanywomeninthebusinessworldareuncertainabouttheappropriatemixtureofmasculineandfeminineattributestheyshouldconveybytheirprofessionalclothingThevarietyofclothingalternativestowomenhasalsobeengreaterthanthatavailableformenMaleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplaylessfemininegrooming打扮英语六级阅读第页共页shorterhairmoderateuseofmakeupandplaintailoredclothingAsonemaleadministratorconfessedAnattractivewomanisdefinitelygoingtogetalongerinterviewbutshewontgetajob29ThewordcarcassLine2Para3mostprobablymeansAvegetablespreservedforfutureuseBthedeadbodyofananimalreadytobecutintomeatCexpensivefoodthatconsumerscanhardlyaffordDmeatcannedforfutureconsumptionThismeansonehastofeedapproximately94510timesasmuchfoodvaluetotheanimalthanonecanconsumefromthecarcassAsasystemforfeedingthehungrytheeffectscanprovedisastrousAttimesofcrisisgrainisthefoodoflife31ThephraseemanatefrominParagraph1mostprobablymeansAthriveonBaccountforCoriginatefromDdescendfromWeallhaveoffensivebreathatonetimeoranotherInmostcasesoffensivebreathemanatesfrombacteriainthemouthalthoughthereareothermorecausesUntilafewyearsagothemostdoctorscoulddowastocounselpatientswithbadbreathaboutoralcleanlinessNowtheyarefindingnewwaystotreattheusuallycurablecondition英语六级阅读第页共页文章中的并列关系怎样对付阅读的长句小的并列成分并列不容易出题如果出题选项应该概括所有并列成分否则是错误选项大的并列只出一题应该提纲挈领WhathasthetelephonedonetousorforusinthehundredyearsofitsexistenceAfeweffectssuggestthemselvesatonceIthassavedlivesbygettingrapidwordofillnessinjuryorfirefromremoteplacesByjoiningwiththeelevatortomakepossiblethemultistoryresidenceorofficebuildingithasmadepossibleforbetterorworsethemoderncityBybringingaboutagreatleapinthespeedandeasewithwhichinformationmovesfromplacetoplaceithasgreatlyacceleratedtherateofscientificandtechnologicalchangesandgrowthinindustryBeyonddoubtithasseriouslyweakenedifnotkilledtheancientartofletterwritingIthasmadelivingalonepossibleforpersonswithnormalsocialimpulsesbysodoingithasplayedaroleinoneofthegreatestsocialchangesofthiscenturythebreakupofthemultigenerationalhouseholdIthasmadethewarchillinglymoreefficientthanformerlyPerhapsthoughnotprovably可证实ithaspreventedwarsthatmighthavearisenoutofinternationalmisunderstandingcausedbywrittencommunicationOrperhapsagainnotprovablebymagnifyingandextendingirrationalpersonalconflictsbasedonvoicecontactithascausedwarsCertainlyithasextendedthescopeofhuman英语六级阅读第页共页conflictssinceitimpartiallydisseminates传播theusefulknowledgeofscientistsandthenonsenseoftheignoranttheaffectionoftheaffectionateandthemalice恶意ofthemalicious22AccordingtothepassageitisthetelephonethatAhasmadeletterwritinganartBhaspreventedwarsbyavoidingwrittencommunicationChasmadetheworlddifferentfromwhatitwasDhascausedwarsbymagnifyingandextendinghumanconflicts注A应该是削弱ToprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomationunionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpoliciesOneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplansItisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemploymenthewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignmentsSomeunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreementsrequiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoneybasedonlengthofserviceAnotherapproachistheideaoftheimprovementfactorwhichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivityItispossiblehoweverthatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertogainafullshareinthefruitsofautomation32Fromthethirdparagraphofthepassagewecanconcludethatyoungadultst英语六级阅读第页共页endtobelievethatcertaintypesofclothingcanAchangepeoplesconservativeattitudestowardtheirlifestyleBhelpyoungpeoplemakefriendswiththeoppositesexCmakethemcompetitiveinthejobmarketDhelpthemachievesuccessintheirinterpersonalrelationshipsPeopletendtoagreeonwhatcertaintypesofclothesmeanAdolescentgirlscaneasilyagreeonthelifestylesofgirlswhowearcertainoutfits套装includingthenumberofboyfriendstheylikelyhavehadandwhethertheysmokeordrinkNewscastersortheannouncerswhoreadthenewsonTVareconsideredtobemoreconvincinghonestandcompetentwhentheyaredressedconservativelyAndcollagestudentswhoviewthemselvesastakinganactiveroleintheirinterpersonalrelationshipssaytheyareconcernedaboutthecostumestheymustweartoplaytheserolessuccessfullyMoreovermanyofuscanrelateinstancesinwhichtheclothingweworechangedthewaywefeltaboutourselvesandhowweactedPerhapsyouhaveusedclothingtogainconfidencewhenyouanticipatedastressfulsituationsuchasajobintervieworacourtappearancePage71EveryyeartelevisionstationsreceivehundredsofcomplaintsabouttheloudnessofadvertisementsHoweverfederalrulesforbidthepracticeofmakingadslouderthantheprogrammingInadditiontelevisionstationsalwaysoperateatthehighestsoundlevelallowedforreasonsofefficiencyAccordingtooneNBC英语六级阅读第页共页executivenodifferenceexistsinthepeaksoundlevelofadsandprogrammingGiventhisinformationwhydocommercialssoundsoloudThesensationofsoundinvolvesavarietyoffactorsinadditiontoitsspeaklevelAdvertisersareskilfulatcreatingtheimpressionofloudnessthroughtheirexpertuseofsuchfactorsOnemajorcontributortotheperceivedloudnessofcommercialsisthatmushlessvariationinsoundleveloccursduringacommercialInregularprogrammingtheintensityofsoundvariesoveralargerangeHoweversoundlevelsincommercialstendtostayatornearpeaklevelsOthertricksofthetradearealsousedBecauselowfrequencysoundscanmaskhigherfrequencysoundsadvertisersfilteroutanynoisesthatmaydrownouttheprimarymessageInadditionthehumanvoicehasmoreauditory听觉的impactinthemiddlefrequencyrangesAdvertiserselectronicallyvaryvoicesoundssothattheystaywithinsuchafrequencybandAnotherapproachistowritethescriptsothatlotsofconsonants辅音areusedbecausepeoplearemoreawareofconsonantsthanvowel元音soundsFinallyadvertiserstrytobegincommercialswithsoundsthatarehighlydifferentfromthoseoftheprogrammingwithinwhichthecommercialisburiedBecausepeoplebecomeadaptedtothetypeofsoundscomingfromprogrammingadramaticchangeinsoundqualitydrawsvieweranattentionForexamplenoticehowmanycommercialsbeginwithacheerfulsongofsometypeTheattentiongettingpropertyofcommercialscanbeseenbyobservingoneto英语六级阅读第页共页twoyearoldchildrenwhohappentobeplayingaroundatelevisionsetTheymaytotallyignoretheprogrammingHoweverwhenacommercialcomesontheirattentionisimmediatelydrawntoitbecauseofitsdramaticsoundquality31AccordingtothepassagethemaximumintensityofsoundcomingfromcommercialsAdoesnotexceedthatofprogramsBisgreaterthanthatofprogramsCvariesoveralargerangethanthatofprogramsDislessthanthatofprograms注文章第一段nodifference32CommercialscreatethesensationofloudnessbecauseATVstationsalwaysoperateatthehighestsoundlevelsBtheirsoundlevelsarekeptaroundpeaklevelsCtheirsoundlevelsarekeptinthemiddlefrequencyrangesDunlikeregularprogramstheirintensityofsoundvariesoverawiderange注第二点33ManycommercialsbeginwithacheerfulsongofsomekindbecauseApopsongsattractviewerattentionBitcanincreasetheirloudnessCadvertiserswanttomakethemsounddifferentfromregularprogramsDadvertiserswanttomergemusicwithcommercials英语六级阅读第页共页注第四点34OneofthereasonswhycommercialsareabletoattractviewerattentionisthatAthehumanvoicesincommercialshavemoreauditoryimpactBpeoplelikecheerfulsongsthatchangedramaticallyinsoundqualityChighfrequencysoundsareusedtomasksoundsthatdrownouttheprimarymessageDtheypossesssoundqualitiesthatmaketheviewerfeelthatsomethingunusualishappening注第三段BecauseB选项like太主观35InthepassagetheauthoristryingtotellusAhowTVadsvaryvocalsoundstoattractattentionBhowtheloudnessofTVadsisovercomeChowadvertiserscontrolthesoundpropertiesofTVadsDhowtheattentiongettingpropertiesofsoundsaremadeuseofinTVads注文章最后一段UnlikeotherlawbreakerswhomustleavethecountrycommitsuicideorgotojailcomputercriminalssometimesescapepunishmentdemandingnotonlythattheynotbechargedbutthattheybegivengoodrecommendationsandperhapsotherbenefitsTheyhesitateatthethoughtofacriminalboastinginopencourtofhowhe英语六级阅读第页共页juggled耍弄themostconfidentialrecordsrightunderthenosesofthecompanysexecutivesaccountantsandsecuritystaffAnelderlymiddleclassmanorwomanmaybealienated疏远byayoungadultwhoisdressedinanunconventionalmannerregardlessofthepersonseducationbackgroundorinterestsMaleadministratorstendtojudgewomenmorefavorablyformanagerialpositionswhenthewomendisplaylessfemininegrooming打扮shorterhairmoderateuseofmakeupandplaintailoredclothingFeminine女权主义者Masculine男子气概的Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagementthemoretheyseemtowanttotalkaboutthingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid越多的妇女和少数民族越往上爬她们越想说以前最好不说的事情ItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackagingrumpusstartedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedbyhimMrsHartandtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrowerwithadeclineofnetweightfrom12to105ounceswithoutanyreductioninpriceThemanufacturerwhoincreasestheunitpriceofhisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthequantitydeliveredcanwithoutunduehardshipputhisproductintoboxesbagsandtinsthatwillcontaineven4ounce8ounceonepoundtwopoundquantitiesofbreakfastfoodscakemixesetc英语六级阅读第页共页SuchchickenraisingdemandscapitalforbuildingandmachineryextensiveuseofenergyresourcesforautomationandinvolvesfeedingchickenswithpotentialfaminereliefproteinfoodFamine饥荒Bottomretailpricesanywherefrom30to70lowerthanthoseinEuropeandAsiahaveattractedsome47millionvisitorswhoareexpectedtoleavebehind79billionin1994TheelectroniceconomymadepossiblebyinformationtechnologyallowsthehavestoincreasetheircontrolonglobalmarketswithdestructiveimpactonthehavenotsOutofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsaregoodandothersarebadandweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallifefromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept倒装句正常的顺序是asocialfeelingofagreementcomesoutofouremotionalexperiencesThedestructionofournaturalresourcesandcontaminationofourfoodsupplycontinueoccurlargelybecauseoftheextremedifficultyinaffixing把固定legalresponsibilityonthosewhocontinuetotreatourenvironmentwithrecklessabandon放任英语六级阅读第页共页AttemptstopreventpollutionbylegislationeconomicincentivesandfriendlypersuasionhavebeennetbylawsuitspersonalandindustrialdenialandlongdelaysnotonlyinacceptingresponsibilitybutmoreimportantlyindoingsomethingaboutitWhereisindustrysandourrecognitionthatprotectingmankindsgreattreasureisthesinglemostimportantresponsibility36WhichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdevelopedAPerformingphysicalexaminationsBLocatingplaceswhichattractterroristsCDetectingdrugsandwatercontaminationDMonitoringfoodprocessing注从本题定下文章基调人工鼻子是个新东西37ApotentialproblemwhichmightbecausedbytheuseofanartificialnoseisAnegligenceofpublicsafetyBanabuseofpersonalfreedomCahazardtophysicalhealthDathreattoindividualprivacy注推出原文可能有转折38ThewordloggedLine5Para7mostprobablymeansApreset英语六级阅读第页共页BenteredCprocessedDsimulated注词汇题找上下文并列转折解释的线索39ToproduceartificialnosesforpracticaluseitisessentialAtodevelopmicrochipswiththousandsofodorreceptorsBtoinventchipssensitivetovariouschemicalsCtodesignacomputerprogramtosortoutsmellsDtofindchemicalsthatcanaltertheelectricalcurrentpassingthrough40TheauthorsattitudetowardsLarryMyersworksisAapprovingBoverenthusiasticCcautiousDsuspicious注作者态度题应该选正态度怎样先看题再看文章1什么题型回原文应该怎么做2能不能看出作者评价3可能对应文章的语言现象英语六级阅读第页共页同义转换的正确选项一同义词二句式三双重否定错误选项特征一绝对的二长得像的断章取义三跨段四难词杯弓蛇影36WhichofthefollowingiswithinthecapacityoftheartificialnosebeingdevelopedAMonitoringfoodprocessingBPerformingphysicalexaminations跨段CLocatingplaceswhichattractterrorists难词DDetectingdrugsandwatercontamination37ApotentialproblemwhichmightbecausedbytheuseofanartificialnoseisAnegligenceofpublicsafetyBahazardtophysicalhealthCathreattoindividualprivacyDanabuseofpersonalfreedom英语六级阅读第页共页38ThewordloggedLine5Para7mostprobablymeansApresetBsimulatedCenteredDprocessed39ToproduceartificialnosesforpracticaluseitisessentialAtoinventchipssensitivetovariouschemicalsBtodevelopmicrochipswiththousandsofodorreceptorsCtodesignacomputerprogramtosortoutsmellsDtofindchemicalsthatcanaltertheelectricalcurrentpassingthroughTheressimplepremisebehindwhatLarryMyersdoesforalivingIfyoucansmellityoucanfinditMyersisthefounderofAubumUniversitysInstituteforBiologicalDetectionSystemsthemaintaskofwhichistochasetheultimateindetectiondevicesanartificialnoseFornowthesubjectoftheirresearchislittlemorethanastackofgleamingchipstuckedawayinalaboratorydrawerButsoonsuchatoolcouldbehangingfromthebeltsofpolicearson纵火investigatorsandfoodsafetyinspectorsThetechnologythattheyareworkinginwouldsuggestquitereasonablythatwithinthreetofiveyearswellhavesomeworkablesensorsreadytouseSuchdevicesmightfindwideuseinplacesthatattractterroristsPolicecoulddetect英语六级阅读第页共页drugsbodiesandbombshiddenincarswhilefoodinspectorscouldeasilytestfoodandwaterforcontaminationTheimplicationsforrevolutionaryadvancesinpublicsafetyandthefoodindustryareastonishingButsotooarethepossibilitiesforabuseSuchmachinescoulddeterminewhetherawomanisovulating排卵withoutaphysicalexamorevenherknowledgeOneofthetraditionalprotectorsofAmericanlibertyisthatishasbeenimpossibletosearcheveryoneThatsgettingnottobethecaseArtificialbiosensorscreatedatAuburnworktotallydifferentlyfromanythingeverseenbeforeAromaScanforexampleisadesktopmachinebasedonabankofchipssensitivetospecificchemicalsthatevaporateintotheairAsairissuckedintothemachinechemicalspassoverthesensorsurfacesandproducechangesintheelectricalcurrentflowingthroughthemThosecurrentchangesareloggedintoacomputerthatsortsoutodorsbasedontheirelectricalsignaturesMyerssaystheyexpecttoloadasinglefingernailsizechipwiththousandsofodorreceptors感受器enoughtocreateasensorthatsnearlyassensitiveasadogsnose31IntheeyesoftheauthorconventionalopiniononconflictisAwrongBoversimplifiedCmisleading英语六级阅读第页共页Dunclear注文章第一句32ProfessorCharlesRSchwenksresearchshowsAtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconflictBtherealvalueofconflictCthedifficultyindeterminingtheoptimallevelofconflictDthecomplexityofdefiningtherolesofconflict注文章第二段33WecanlearnfromSchwenksresearchthatAapersonsviewofconflictisinfluencedbythepurposeofhisorganizationBconflictisnecessaryformanagersofforprofitorganizationsCdifferentpeopleresolveconflictsindifferentwaysDitisimpossibleforpeopletoavoidconflict注文章第三段34ThepassagesuggeststhatinforprofitorganizationsAthereisnoendofconflictBexpressionofdifferentopinionsisencouragedCdecisionsmustbejustifiableDsuccessliesingeneralagreement注文章第四段justifiable合法化35Peopleworkinginanotforprofitorganization英语六级阅读第页共页AseemtobedifficulttosatisfyBarefreetoexpressdiverseopinionsCarelesseffectiveinmakingdecisionsDfinditeasiertoreachagreement注C和D出现比较级不选ConventionalwisdomaboutconflictseemsprettymuchcutanddriedToolittleconflictbreedsapathy冷漠andstagnation呆滞Toomuchconflictleadstodivisiveness分裂andhostilityModeratelevelsofconflicthowevercansparkcreativityandmotivatepeopleinahealthyandcompetitivewayRecentresearchbyProfessorCharlesRSchwenkhoweversuggeststhattheoptimallevelofconflictmaybemorecomplextodeterminethanthesesimplegeneralizationsHestudiedperceptionsofconflictamongasampleofexecutivesSomeoftheexecutivesworkedforprofitseekingorganizationsandothersfornotforprofitorganizationsSomewhatsurprisinglySchwenkfoundthatopinionsaboutconflictvariedsystematicallyasafunctionofthetypeoforganizationSpecificallymanagersinnotforprofitorganizationsstronglybelievedthatconflictwasbeneficialtotheirorganizationsandthatitpromotedhigherqualitydecisionmakingthanmightbeachievedintheabsenceofconflictManagersofforprofitorganizationssawadifferentpictureTheybelievedthatconflictgenerallywasdamagingandusuallyledtopoorqualitydecision英语六级阅读第页共页makingintheirorganizationsSchwenkinterpretedtheseresultsintermsofthecriteriaforeffectivedecisionmakingsuggestedbytheexecutivesIntheprofitseekingorganizationsdecisionmakingeffectivenesswasmostoftenassessedinfinancialtermsTheexecutivesbelievedthatconsensusratherthanconflictenhancedfinancialindicatorsInthenotforprofitorganizationsdecisionmakingeffectivenesswasdefinedfromtheperspectiveofsatisfyingconstituentsGiventhecomplexitiesandambiguitiesassociatedwithsatisfyingmanydiverseconstituentsexecutivesperceivedthatconflictledtomoreconsideredandacceptabledecisions36WelearnfromthepassagethatolestraisasubstancethatAcontainsplentyofnutrientsBrendersfoodscaloriefreewhileretainingtheirvitaminsCmakesfoodseasilydigestibleDmakesfoodsfatfreewhilekeepingthemdelicious37TheresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobeAcommerciallyuselessBjustasanticipatedCsomewhatcontroversialDquiteunexpected38Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthat英语六级阅读第页共页AitpassesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbedBitfacilitatestheabsorptionofvitaminsbythebodyCithelpsreducetheincidenceofheartdiseaseDitpreventsexcessiveintakeofvitamins39WhatisapossiblenegativeeffectofolesiraaccordingtosomecriticsAItmayimpairthedigestivesystemBItmayaffecttheoverallfatintakeCItmayincreasetheriskofcancerDItmayspoiltheconsumersappetite40WhyarenutritionistsconcernedaboutaddingvitaminstoolesiraAItmayleadtotheoverconsumptionofvitaminsBPeoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessaryCThefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened跨段DItmaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproductionImagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwantwithnoneofthefatThatwouldbegreatwouldntitNewfakefatproductsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecentlybutnoteveryoneishappyaboutitMakersoftheproductswhichcontainacompoundcalledolestrasayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoodsCriticshoweversaythenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrients营养物andcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople英语六级阅读第页共页Soitsuptodecidewhetherthenewfatfreeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating注eliminate消除Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960swhentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasilyInsteadoffindingthedesiredfattheresearcherscreatedafatthatcantbedigestedatallNormallyspecialchemicalsintheintestines肠grabmoleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebodyAmoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculeofsubstancescalledfattyacidsThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsADEandKWhenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitaminsthevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstreamOlestrawhichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacidsistoolargefortheintestinestoabsorbItjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendownManufacturerssayitsthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstituteItprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebodyButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsADEandKfrombeingabsorbedItcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids类胡萝卜素compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancerheartdiseaseetc英语六级阅读第页共页ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsADEandKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnowEvensosomenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming简短回答题评分原则及标准1评分原则简答题要求考生在读懂文章的基础上用正确简洁的语言回答问题在评分时应同时考虑内容和语言每题满分为2分最低为0分2给分标准2分45答出全部内容语言正确1分45答出部分内容语言正确0分45没有答对问题扣分标准1语言有错误扣05分不包括引起歧义的可以辨识的拼写错误每题由于语言错误扣分不能超过05分2涉及无关内容者扣05分其答案中有相互矛盾的内容则内容矛盾的部分均不得分3整句原封不动照搬应扣分照搬一句扣05分照搬两句及两句以上者扣2分4考生所给答案超过10个单词扣05分英语六级阅读第页共页PartIVShortAnswerQuestions15minutesJoeTemplershouldhaveknownbetterafterallheworksforalargeautoinsurancecompanyItwonthurttoleavethekeyinthetruckthisoncehethoughtashefilledhisgastankataselfservicegasstationButmomentslatterashewaspayingthemoneyhesawthetruckbeingdrivenawayIn198716millionmotorvehicleswerestolenintheUnitedStatesoneevery20secondsIfcurrenttrendscontinueexpertspredictannualvehicletheftscouldexceedtwomillionbytheendofthedecadeVehicletheftisacommonphenomenonwhichhasadirectimpactonoverfourmillionvictimsayearThecostisastonishingManypoliceofficialsblameprofessionalthievesforthehighvolumeoftheftsItisamajormoneymakerfororganizedcrimeTypicallystolencarsaretakentopiecesandthepartssoldtoindividualsButasmanyas200000carsaresmuggledoutofthecountryeveryyearMostgotoLatinAmericatheMiddleEastandEuropeOnlyabout15percentcartheftsresultinanarrestbecausefewpolicedepartmentsroutinelyconductindepthautoinvestigationsWhenthievesarearrestedjudgeswilloftensentencethemtoprobation缓刑notimmediatelyputtheminprisonbecausetheprisonsareovercrowdedwithviolentcriminalsOneexceptionisaMichiganprogramthatassigns92policeofficerstoworkfulltimeonthestates65000cartheftcasesayearSince1986whentheeffortbeganthestatesauto英语六级阅读第页共页theftratehasfallenfromsecondinthenationtoninthHowcanyouprotectyourcarIfyouliveinahightheftareaordriveanexpensivemodelconsiderasecuritysystemItmaycostanywherefrom25to1000SomesystemsengageautomaticallysimplyremovingthekeydisablesthefuelpumpthefuelpumpandthestarterWhencarsareequippedwithsuchsystemstheftsmaydropbyonethirdInsomestatesyoumaybeabletosueadevicethattransmitsradiosignalsallowingstolencarstobetrackedbypoliceQuestions71Whatisthepassagemainlyabout72WhatdoestheauthorthinkJoeTemplershouldbeblamedfor73HowseriousdidtheauthorpredicttheannualvehicletheftcouldintheUnitedStatesin198974Whatarethetwowaysthievessellthestolencars75Whattypeofsecuritysystemcanhelpthepolicetrackdownastolencar英语六级阅读第页共页英语六级阅读第页共页紧缩英语六级阅读第页共页杂交26TheauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftodayAarecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobjectBareclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehaviorCarenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50sDstillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage27ThenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfromAtheshiftofthefocusofstudyontotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjectsBthebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogicalstepby英语六级阅读第页共页stepprogramsCtheaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofatenmontholdchildDtheeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells28ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortstoAfindaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputersBbuildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitchesCfindouthowintelligencedevelopedinnatureDseparatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought29WhatstheauthorsopinionaboutthenewAImovementAIthascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieoutBItsabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocessesCItsmorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffortDItmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects30WhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothephrasetheonlygameintownLine3Para4ATheonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputerBTheonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch英语六级阅读第页共页CTheonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscienceDTheonlygametheywouldliketoplayintownInthe1950sthepioneersofartificialintelligenceAIpredictedthatbytheendofthiscenturycomputerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhouseworkButasusefulascomputersaretheyrenowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehaviorNevermindsomethingascomplexasconversationthemostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobjectthemostelementaryoftasksforatenmontholdkidAgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrongTheproblemthescientistssayisthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighestmostabstractlevelsofthoughtlikelanguageandmathematicsandtoduplicatethemwithlogicalstepbystepprogramsAnewmovementinAIontheotherhandtakesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligenceManyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprogramsRatherthandigitalcomputersandtransistorssomewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteinsTheresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiarandthenewnaturebasedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefieldImitatingthebrainsneural神经的networkisahugestepintherightdirectionsayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConradbutitstill英语六级阅读第页共页missesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligencePeopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolorcodedtransistorsheexplainsbutitsnotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitchesTherearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselvesSpecificallyConradbelievesthatmanyofthebrainscapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincellThebestwaytobuildandartificiallyintelligentdeviceheclaimswouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskillsRightnowthenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinthebrainremainscontroversialButifitprovestruethentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown11AnewstudyonbirdssleephasrevealedthatAhalfbrainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirdsBhalfbrainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwavesCbirdscancontroltheirhalfbrainsleepconsciouslyDbirdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest12AccordingtothepassagebirdsoftenhalfsleepbecauseAtheyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacksBtheirbrainhemispheretaketurnstorest跨段Cthetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructured没英语六级阅读第页共页Dtheyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions反13TheexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthatAthephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespreadBbirdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurityCevenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurityDasinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror14WhilesleepingsomewatermammalstendtokeephalfawakeinordertoAalertthemselvestotheapproachingenemyBemergefromwaternowandthentobreatheCbesensitivetotheeverchangingenvironmentDavoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents15ByjustthetipoftheicebergLine2Para8SiegelsuggeststhatAhalfbrainsleephassomethingtodowithicyweatherBthemysteryofhalfbrainsleepisclosetobeingsolvedCmostbirdslivingincoldregionstendtobehalfsleepersDhalfbrainsleepisaphenomenonthatcouldexistamongotherspeciesBirdsthatareliterallyhalfasleepwithonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleepingcontrolwhichsideofthebrainremainsawakeaccordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks英语六级阅读第页共页EarlierstudieshavedocumentedhalfbrainsleepinawiderangeofbirdsThebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwavesTheeyecontrolledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshutwhilethewakefulhemisphereseyestaysopenandalertBirdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonceEarlierstudieshavedocumentedhalfbrainsleepinawiderangeofbirdsThebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwavesTheeyecontrolledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshutwhilethewakefulhemisphereseyestaysopenandalertBirdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonceDecadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerableendoftherowsleepersSureenoughtheendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanionsDucksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirectionAlsobirdsdozing打盹attheendofthelineresortedtosinglehemispheresleepratherthantotalrelaxationmoreoftenthaninnerducksdidRotaing16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrowtheresearchersfoundouterbirdshalfasleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspotsWebelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebraintheresearchers英语六级阅读第页共页sayTheresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemiesThepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespreadhepredictsHesseenitinapairofbirdsdozingsidebysideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbymirrorThemirrorsideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwereacompanionandtheothereyestayedopenUsefulashalfsleepingmightbeitsonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammals哺乳动物asdolphinswhalesandsealsPerhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowningStudiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleepJeromeMSiegeloftheUGLAsayshewondersifbirdshalfbrainsleepisjustthetipoftheiceberg冰山Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies16WhichofthefollowingisevidencethatTTiswidelypracticedATThasbeeninexistencefordecadesBManypatientswerecuredbytherapeutictouchCTTtherapistsareoftenemployedbyleadinghospitalsDMorethan100000peopleareundergoingTTtreatment注D为迷惑选项数字必转化C对应第二段末句17VeryfewTTpractitionersrespondedtothe1millionofferbecause英语六级阅读第页共页AtheydidnttaketheofferseriouslyBtheydidntwanttorisktheircareerCtheywereunwillingtorevealtheirsecretDtheythoughtitwasnotinlinewiththeirpractice注争议题BC皆可18ThepurposeofEmilyRosasexperimentwasAtoseewhyTTcouldworkthewayitdidBtofindouthowTTcuredpatientsillnessCtotestwhethershecouldsensethehumanenergyfieldDtotestwhetherahumanenergyfieldreallyexisted注对应文章第三段首句19WhydidsomeTTpractitionersagreetobethesubjectsofEmilysexperimentAItinvolvednothingmorethanmereguessingBTheythoughtitwasgoingtobealotoffunCItwasmorestraightforwardthanotherexperimentsDTheysensednoharminalittlegirlsexperiment注对应文章第三段末句noharm对应innocentlittlegirl对应fourthgrade20WhatcanwelearnfromthepassageASomewidelyacceptedbeliefscanbedeceivingBSolidevidenceweighsmorethanpuretheories英语六级阅读第页共页CLittlechildrencanbeascleverastrainedTTpractitionersDTheprincipleofTTistooprofoundtounderstandAnineyearoldschoolgirlsinglehandedlycooksupasciencefairexperimentthatendsupdebunking揭穿的真相awidelypracticedmedicaltreatmentEmilyRosastargetwasapracticeknownastherapeutic治疗touchTTforshortwhoseadvocatesmanipulatepatientsenergyfieldtomakethemfeelbetterandevensaysometocurethemofvariousillsYetEmilystestshowsthattheseenergyfieldscantbedetectedevenbytrainedTTpractitioners行医者ObviouslymindfulofthepublicityvalueofthesituationJournaleditorGeorgeLundbergappearedonTVtodeclareAgedoesntmatterItsgoodsciencethatmattersandthisisgoodscienceEmilysmotherLindaRosaaregisterednursehasbeencampaigningagainstTTfornearlyadecadeLindafirstthoughtaboutTTinthelate80swhenshelearneditwasontheapprovedlistforcontinuingnursingeducationinColoradoIts100000trainedpractitioners48000intheUSdonteventouchtheirpatientsInsteadtheywavedtheirhandsafewinchesfromthepatientsbodypushingenergyfieldsarounduntiltheyreinbalanceTTadvocatessaythesemanipulationscanhelphealwoundsrelievepainandreducefeverTheclaimsaretakenseriouslyenoughthatTTtherapistsarefrequentlyhiredbyleadinghospitalsatupto70anhourthesmoothpatientsenergysometimesduringsurgeryYetRosacouldnotfindanyevidencethatitworksToprovidesuchproofTT英语六级阅读第页共页therapistswouldhavetositdownforindependenttestingsomethingtheyhaventbeeneagertodoeventhoughJamesRandihasofferedmorethan1milliontoanyonewhocandemonstratetheexistenceofahumanenergyfieldHeshadonetakersofarShefailedAskepticmightconcludethatTTpractitionersareafraidtolaytheirbeliefsonthelineButwhocouldturndownaninnocentfourthgraderSaysEmilyIthinktheydidnttakemeveryseriouslybecauseImakidTheexperimentwasstraightforward21TTtherapistsstucktheirhandspalmsupthroughascreenEmilyheldherownhandoveroneoftheirsleftorrightandthepractitionershadtosaywhichhanditwasWhentheresultswererecordedtheyddonenobetterthantheywouldhavebysimplyguessingiftherewasanenergyfieldtheycouldntfeelit21WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsofautomatedhighwaysAarebeingplannedBarebeingmodifiedCarenowinwideuseDareunderconstruction注onthedrawingborad就是planned22AspecialpurposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthatAitwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways英语六级阅读第页共页BitwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiencyCithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehiclesDitoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles注A选项说反了23WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighwayAVehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinationsBAcarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystemCThedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoitDThedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththosefregularvehicles注对应第二段开头24WeknowformthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecialpurposelaneAbysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallaneBbywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevicesCthroughaspeciallyguardedgateDafteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved注争议题25WhendrivinginanautomatedlanethedriverAshouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcarsBdoesnthavetorelyonhiscomputersystem英语六级阅读第页共页CshouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidentsDdoesnthavetoholdnottothesteeringwheel注文章最后一段WhatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelikeTheanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadoptedTwodistincttypesareonthedrawingboardThefirstisaspecialpurposelanesysteminwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehiclesThesecondisamixedtrafficsystemfullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanuallydrivencarsAspecialpurposelandsystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighwaysbutitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreeway高速公路capacityUndereitherschemethedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestinationfurnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighwayIfamixedtrafficsystemwasinplaceautomateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroadsIfspecialpurposelaneswereavailablethecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentwaysOnemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp入口引道AsthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighwaydevicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorderAssumingitpassedsuchteststhedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlaneInthiscasethetransitionfrommanualtoautomated英语六级阅读第页共页controlwouldtakeplaceontheentrancerampAnalternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallaneswhichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehiclesThedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoatransitionlaneThevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtrafficThelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwouldpresumablybewellrespectedbecausealltrespassers非法进入者couldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthoritiesEitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytravelingAutomaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmergingwithouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidentsandonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravelthedrivewouldbefreetoreleasethewheelopenthemorningpaperorjustrelax26AccordingtotheauthortheconventionalnotionofintelligencemeasuredntermsofonesabilitytoreadwriteandcomputeAisawidelyheldbutwrongconceptBwillhelpeliminateintellectualprejudiceCistherootofallmentaldistressDwillcontributetoonesselffulfillment注作者态度题应该选负选项27ItisimpliedinthepassagethatholdingauniversitydegreeAmayresultinonesinabilitytosolvecomplexreallifeproblems英语六级阅读第页共页BdoesnotindicateonesabilitytowriteproperlywordeddocumentsCmaymakeonementallysickandphysicallyweakDdoesnotmeatthatoneishighlyintelligent28TheauthorthinksthatanintelligentpersonknowsAhowtoputupwithsomeveryprevalentmythsBhowtofindthebestwaytoachievesuccessinlifeChowtoavoiddepressionandmakehislifeworthwhileDhowtopersuadeotherstocompromise注对应第二段第一句话29InthelastparagraphtheauthortellsusthatAdifficultiesarebutpartofeveryoneslifeBdepressionandunhappinessareunavoidableinlife反Ceverybodyshouldlearntoavoidtryingcircumstances反Dgoodfeelingscancontributetoeventualacademicexcellence30AccordingtothepassagewhatkindofpeoplearerareAThosewhodontemphasizebookishexcellenceintheirpursuitofhappinessBThosewhoareawareofdifficultiesinlifebutknowhowtoavoidunhappinessCThosewhomeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsbutseldomsufferformNBDsDThosewhoareabletosecurehappinessthoughhavingtostruggleagainsttryingcircumstances英语六级阅读第页共页注文章最后一句TakingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmythsAtthetopofthelististhenotionthatintelligenceismeasuredbyyourabilitytosolvecomplexproblemstoreadwriteandcomputeatcertainlevelsandtoresolveabstractequationsquicklyThisvisionofintelligenceassertsformaleducationandbookishexcellenceasthetruemeasuresofselffulfillmentItencouragesakindofintellectualprejudicethathasbroughtwithitsomediscouragingresultsWehavecometobelievethatsomeonewhohasmoreeducationalmeritbadgeswhoisverygoodatsomeformofschooldisciplineisintelligentYetmentalhospitalsarefilledwithpatientswhohavealloftheproperlyletteredcertificatesAtruerindicatorofintelligenceisaneffectivehappylifelivedeachdayandeachpresentmomentofeverydayIfyouarehappyifyouliveeachmomentforeverythingitsworththenyouareanintelligentpersonProblemsolvingisausefulhelptoyourhappinessbutifyouknowthatgivenyourinabilitytoresolveaparticularconcernyoucanstillchoosehappinessforyourselforataminimumrefusetochooseunhappinessthenyouareintelligentYouareintelligentbecauseyouhavetheultimateweaponagainstthebigNBDNervousBreakDownIntelligentpeopledonothaveNBDsbecausetheyareinchargeofthemselvesTheyknowhowtochoosehappinessoverdepressionbecausetheyknowhowgodealwiththeproblemsoftheirlives英语六级阅读第页共页YoucanbegintothinkofyourselfastrulyintelligentonthebasisofhowyouchoosetofeelinthefaceoftryingcircumstancesThelifestrugglesareprettymuchthesameforeachofusEveryonewhoisinvolvedwithotherhumanbeingsinanysocialcontexthassimilardifficultiesDisagreementsconflictsandcompromisesareapartofwhatitmeanstobehumanSimilarlymoneygrowingoldsicknessdeathsnaturaldisastersandaccidentsarealleventswhichpresentproblemstovirtuallyallhumanbeingsButsomepeopleareabletomakeittoavoidimmobilizingdepressionandunhappinessdespitesuchoccurrenceswhileotherscollapseorhaveanNBDThosewhorecognizeproblemsasahumanconditionanddontmeasurehappinessbyanabsenceofproblemsarethemostintelligentkindofhumansweknowalsothemostrare21ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoocloselybyMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobablyAstandstillBjumpasideCstepforwardDdrawback注对应文章第二段22TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfortheirAculturalselfcenteredness英语六级阅读第页共页BcasualmannersCindifferencetowardforeignvisitorsDarrogancetowardsothercultures注对应文章第四段首句23IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericansAareisolatedbythelocalpeopleBarenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrierCtendtogetalongwellwiththenativesDneedinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants注对应文章第五段inform对应information24AccordingtotheauthorAmericansculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorancewillAaffecttheirimageintheneweraBcutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworldClimittheirroleinworldaffairsDweakenthepositionoftheUSdollar注对应倒数第二段25TheauthorsintentioninwritingthisarticleistomakeAmericansrealizethatAitisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriendsBitisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworldaffairs英语六级阅读第页共页CitisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplacesDitistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures注B反了OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryoneWedonotrealizethatwavinggoodbyeisthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoonessideorthatinItalyandsomeLatinAmericancountriescurlingthefingertooneselfisasignoffarewellThoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthatGiftmeanspoisoninGermanMoreoverweliketothinkofourselvesasfriendlyyetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarmslengthawayformothersLatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouchwhichmakesAmericansuncomfortableOurlinguistic语言上的andculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastesgesturescustomsandlanguagesofothercountriesarelosingusfriendsbusinessandrespectintheworldEvenhereintheUnitedStateswemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitorsTherearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonumentswedonothavemultilingual多语的guidedtoursVeryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslationsandmultilingualwaitersbankclerksandpolicemenare英语六级阅读第页共页rareOurtransportationsystemshavemapsinEnglishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficultyunderstandingthemWhenwegoabroadwetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurantswhereEnglishisspokenTheattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenativesusuallythericherwhospeakEnglishOurbusinessdealingsaswellasthenationsdiplomacyareconductedthroughinterpretersFormanyyearsAmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignoranceAfterallAmericawasthemostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworldthedistributorofneededfundsandgoodsButallthatispastAmericandollarsnolongerbuyallgoodthingsandweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischangingA1979Harrispollreportedthat55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamoresignificantroleinworldaffairswewanttohaveahandintheimportantdecisionsofthenextcenturyeventhoughitmaynotalwaysbetheupperhand26WhatmakeswomenblindtothedeceptivenatureofhighheelsAThemultifunctionaluseofhighheelsBTheirattempttoshowofftheirstatusCTherichvarietyofhighheelstylesDTheirwishtoimprovetheirappearance注B选项showoff炫耀C是迷惑选项27Theauthorspresentationofthepositivesideofhighheelsismeant英语六级阅读第页共页AtobeironicBtopokefunatwomenCtobefairtothefashionindustryDtomakehispointconvincing注讽刺意味的28TheauthorusestheexpressionthosebabiesLine3Para2torefertohighheelsAtoshowtheirfragilecharacteristicsBtoindicatetheirfemininefeaturesCtoshowwomensaffectionforthemDtoemphasizetheirsmallsize29TheauthorschiefargumentagainsthighheelsisthatAtheyposeathreattolawnsBtheyareinjurioustowomenshealthCtheydontnecessarilymakewomenbeautifulDtheyareineffectiveasaweaponofdefense30ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwomenshouldAseethroughtheverynatureoffashionmythsBboycotttheproductsofthefashionindustryCgotoapodiatristregularlyforadvice英语六级阅读第页共页DavoidfollowingfashiontoocloselyIndepartmentstoresandclosetsallovertheworldtheyarewaitingTheiroutwardappearanceseemsratherappealingbecausetheycomeinavarietyofstylestexturesandcolorsButtheyareultimatelythebiggestdeceptionthatexistsinthefashionindustrytodayWhataretheyTheyarehighheelsawomansworstenemywhethersheknowsitornotHighheelshoesarethedownfallofmodernsocietyFashionmythshaveledwomentobelievethattheyaremorebeautifulorsophisticatedforwearingheelsbutinrealityheelssucceedinposingshortaswellaslongtermhardshipsWomenshouldfightthehighheelindustrybyrefusingtouseorpurchasetheminordertosavetheworldfromunnecessaryphysicalandpsychologicalsufferingForthesakeoffairnessitmustbenotedthatthereisapositivesidetohighheelsFirstheelsareexcellentforaerating使通气lawnsAnyonewhohaseverwornheelsongrassknowswhatIamtalkingaboutAsimpletriparoundtheyardinapairofthosebabieseliminatesallneedtocallforalawncarespecialistandprovidestheperfectsizedholestogiveanylawnoxygenwithoutallthosemessychunksofdirtlyingaroundSecondheelsarequitefunctionalfordefenseagainstoncomingenemieswhocaneasilybescaredawaybythreateningthemwithapairofthesesharpdeadlyfashionaccessoriesRegardlessofsuchpracticalusesforheelsthefactremainsthatwearinghighheelsisharmfultoonesphysicalhealthTalktoanypodiatrist足病医生and英语六级阅读第页共页youwillhearthatthemajorityoftheirbusinesscomesfromhighheelwearingwomenHighheelsareknowntocauseproblemssuchasdeformedfeetandtorntoenailsTheriskofseverebackproblemsandtwistedorbrokenanklesisthreetimeshigherforahighheelwearerthanforaflatshoewearerWearingheelsalsocreatesthethreatofgettingaheelcaughtinasidewalkcrackorasewergrate阴沟栅andbeingthrowntothegroundpossiblybreakinganosebackorneckAndofcourseafterwearingheelsforadayanywomanknowsshecanlookforwardtoanightofpainasshetriestocomfortherswollenachingfeet31ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeopledrawnbytheauthorisAratherbleakBfairlybrightCveryimpressiveDquiteencouraging注选一个烂的bleak黯淡无光32TheauthorsbiggestconcernisAelementaryschoolchildrensdisinterestinreadingclassicsBthesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheUSCthemusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreadingDthereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass33Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis英语六级阅读第页共页AtheirfondnessofmusicandTVprogramsBtheirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliteratureCtheirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstandingDtheirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput34TheauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseisAtobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeitBtoanalyzeitsessentialfeaturesCtothinkitoverconscientiouslyDtomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue35AboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeelsAupsetBuncertainCalarmedDpessimistic注对应最后一段ItishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracyThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient27millionAmericanscannotreadatallandafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursocietyButmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelemental英语六级阅读第页共页literacythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofhemiddleclassreaderofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilencethoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentrationthatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreadingithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmericasliterateeducatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoisemusicinthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickering闪烁atthecorneroftheirfieldofperceptionWeknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginputbuteverycommonsenseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmedThisviolationofconcentrationsilencesolitude独处的状态goestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracythisnewformofpartreadingofpartperceptionagainstbackgrounddistractionrendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentrationletalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloveswhichistolearnitbyheartNotbybrainbyhearttheexpressionisvitalUnderthesecircumstancesthequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealoneAheadofuslietechnicalpsychic心理的andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenbergtheGermaninventorinprintingTheGutenbergrevolutionaswenowknowittookalongtimeitseffectsarestillbegindebatedTheinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcompositionpublicationdistributionandreadingNooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookas英语六级阅读第页共页weveknownit36AccordingtothepassagethechiefpurposeofexplorersingoingtounknownplacesinthepastwasAtodisplaytheircountrysmilitarymightBtoaccomplishsomesignificantscienceCtofindnewareasforcolonizationDtopursuecommercialandstateinterests注对应文章第一段37AtpresentaprobableinducementforcountriestoinitiatelargescalespaceventuresisAinternationalcooperationBnationalisticreasonsCscientificresearchDlongtermprofits注对应文章第三段B和D相反都排除38WhatisthemaingoalofsendinghumanmissionstoMarsATofindoutiflifeeverexistedthereBToseeifhumanscouldsurvivethereCToprovethefeasibilityoflargescalespaceventuresDToshowtheleadingroleofscienceinspaceexploration39BysayingWithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhave英语六级阅读第页共页everbeenLine1Para4theauthormeansthatAwithMarstherisksinvolvedaremuchgreaterthananypreviousspaceventuresBinthecaseofMarstherewardsofscientificexplorationcanbeveryhighCinthecaseofMarsmuchmoreresearchfundsareneededthaneverbeforeDwithMarsscientistsarguethefundamentalinterestsofscienceareatissue注争议太多对应末段40ThepassagetellsusthatproofoflifeonMarswouldAmakeclearthecomplexchemistryinthedevelopmentoflifeBconfirmthesuggestionthatbacterialfossilstraveledtoEarthonameteoriteCrevealthekindofconditionsunderwhichlieoriginatesDprovideanexplanationwhylifeiscommonintheuniverseForcenturiesexplorershaveriskedtheirlivesventuringintotheunknownforreasonsthatweretovaryingdegreeseconomicandnationalisticColumbuswentwesttolookforbettertraderoutestotheOrientandtopromotethegreatergloryofSpainLewisandClarkjourneyedintotheAmericanwildernesstofindoutwhattheUShadacquiredwhenitpurchasedLouisianaandtheAppoloastronautsrocketedtothemooninadramaticshowoftechnologicalmuscleduringthecoldwarAlthoughtheirmissionsblendedcommercialandpoliticalmilitaryimperativestheexplorersinvolvedallaccomplishedsomesignificantsciencesimplybygoingwherenoscientistshadgonebeforeTodayMarslooms隐约出现ashumanitysnextgreatterraincognita未探明英语六级阅读第页共页之地AndwithdoubtfulprospectsforashorttermfinancialreturnwiththecoldwararapidlyfadingmemoryandamidagrowingemphasisoninternationalcooperationinlargespaceventuresitisclearthatimperativesotherthanprofitsornationalismwillhavetocompelhumanbeingstoleavetheirtracksontheplanetsreddishsurfaceCoulditbethatsciencewhichhaslongplayedaminorroleinexplorationisatlastdestinedtotakealeadingroleThequestionnaturallyinvitesacoupleofothersArethereexperimentsthatonlyhumanscoulddoonMarsCouldthoseexperimentsprovideinsightsprofoundenoughtojustifytheexpenseofsendingpeopleacrossinterplanetaryspaceWithMarsthescientificstakesarearguablyhigherthantheyhaveeverbeenTheissueofwhetherlifeeverexistedontheplanetandwhetheritpersiststothisdayhasbeenhighlightedbymountingevidencethattheRedPlanetoncehadabundantstableliquidwaterandbythecontinuingcontroversyoversuggestionsthatbacterialfossilsrodetoEarthonameteorite陨石fromvaluabledataabouttherangeofconditionsunderwhichaplanetcangeneratethecomplexchemistrythatleadstolifeIfitcouldbeestablishedthatlifearoseindependentlyonMarsandEarththefindingwouldprovidethefirstconcretecluesinoneofthedeepestmysteriesinallofsciencetheprevalenceoflifeintheuniverse