高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part twenty-nine(词根词缀排序)
1. 动词及其名词形式:
1.1 search (v.) & search (n.) 搜索,搜寻
拓展:
search for 搜寻,寻找
search A for B 搜查A为了要找B
search out 搜出,找到
search after 追求
in search of 寻找,搜寻
例句: He searched through all the drawers for the key. (他翻遍所有的抽屉找钥匙。)
辨析: search (搜寻特定目标) vs. look for (寻找) vs. find (找到)
串记: In order to search for the missing girl, the police are searching the forest. (为了寻找失踪的女孩,警察正在森林里搜索。)
1.2 select (v.) & selection (n.) 选择,挑选
拓展:
select as 选为
select for 为…而挑选
select from 从…中挑选
select out of 选拔
selective (adj.) 选择性的
例句: He selected a shirt to match his suit. (他挑了一件衬衣来配他那套衣服。)
辨析: select (精心挑选) vs. choose (选择) vs. pick (挑选)
串记: There are a wide selection of gifts, you can select what is your favorite. (有很多礼物可供选择,你可以选择你最喜欢的。)
1.3 serve (v.) & service (n.) & servant (n.) & server (n.) 服务,服务员, 服务器
拓展:
serve the people heart and soul 全心全意为人民服务
serve as 充当;担任
serve sb.(with) sth.=serve sth.to sb. 拿/用某物招待/款待某人
at your service 愿为您效劳;听候您的吩咐
in service 在职,运转中
be in the service 服现役
be of service to 对……有用
give good service 服务周到
例句: The students served some apples to the invited experts. (学生们用一些苹果来招待邀请来的专家。)
辨析: serve (服务,提供) vs. work (工作)
串记: In her family, the poor woman serves as a servant, and serves every family heart and soul, but she still can’t serve the need of everyone. (在这个家庭里,这个可怜的女人就像一个仆人,全心全意地为每个家人服务,但仍然不能满足每个人的需要。)
1.4 settle (v.) & settlement (n.) & settler (n.) 解决,安家,殖民, 殖民者
拓展:
settle down (使)平静;(使)稳定;定居
settle down to sth. 开始专心做……
settle in/into ... (使)适应(新环境/生活/工作等);安定下来;迁入(新居)
settle on/upon 决定;同意
例句: Since you have settled down in a new country, you have to make an adjustment to the new environment. (既然你已在一个新的国家定居,你必须调整以适应新的环境。)
辨析: settle (解决,安顿) vs. solve (解决问题)
串记: To settle the matter where to settle down, the family should settle to discuss. (要解决住的问题,全家应该坐下来讨论。)
1.5 shake (v.) & shake (n.) 摇动, 震动
拓展:
shake down 抖落;适应新环境(情况)
shake off 摆脱;摇落
shaken one’s faith in 动摇某人对…的信心/念
shake one’s haead 摇头(表示否定)
shake with 由于…而发抖
例句: The whole house shakes when a train goes past. (火车驶过时,整座房子都颤动起来。)
辨析: shake (摇动,震动) vs. tremble (颤抖)
串记: The incident had shaken her faith in him. (这件事动摇了她对他的信心。)
1.6 shape (v.) & shape (n.) 塑造,形状
拓展:
shape ... into ... 把……加工/塑造成……
be in good/bad shape 情况良好/不佳;健康良好/不佳
out of shape 变/走样;不成样子;身体不舒服,生病
in the shape of 某种形状的,呈……的形状
take shape 形成;成形
get into shape 强身健体
例句: Tim is in good shape physically even though he doesn’t get much exercise. (尽管蒂姆没有得到多少锻炼,但他身体状况良好。)
辨析: shape (形状,塑造) vs. form (形状,形成)
串记: Once you set a goal, you must set it down and set about working at it. (一旦你设定了一个目标,你就必须把它写下来并开始为之努力。)
1.7 share (v.) & share (n.) 分享,份额
拓展:
share in 分担,共同拥有〔使用〕…
share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物
share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦
hold shares 持有股份
例句: Eli shared his chocolate with the other kids. (伊莱把他的巧克力和其他孩子一起分着吃了。)
辨析: share (分享) vs. divide (分配,分开)
串记: He has many shares, but he is unwilling to share with his shameless sister. (他有许多股份,但他不愿意和他无耻的妹妹分享。)
1.8 shelter (v.) & shelter (n.) 庇护, 掩蔽处
拓展:
under the shelter of 在…的庇护下
find(take)shelter from 避难
shelter against〔from〕 掩护〔保护,庇护…〕使不受…
shelter behind 躲在…后面
shelter oneself in 躲在…里面
例句: The fox was running for the shelter of the trees. (狐狸朝树丛跑,想要躲藏起来。)
辨析: shelter (庇护,躲避) vs. protect (保护)
串记: A shelter can shelter the homeless from the wind and rain. (庇护所可以为无家可归的人遮风挡雨。)
1.9 shock (v.) & shock (n.) 震惊, 冲击
拓展:
culture shock 文化冲击
with a great shock 大为震惊
shocked (adj.) 震惊的;震撼的
be shocked at(by) 听到……消息使人感到震惊
例句: It gave me a shock to be told I was seriously ill. (听说我的病很严重,我吃了一惊。)
辨析: shock (震惊,冲击) vs. surprise (惊奇)
串记: We were all shocked at the shocking news that he had resigned. (听到他辞职的消息,我们都很震惊。)
1.10 shoot (v.) & shoot (n.) 射击, 嫩芽
拓展:
shoot at 瞄准,向…射击
shoot with 用…射击
shoot down 击落
shoot forth 长出
shoot off 发射,打掉,击断
shoot out 射击,打出,击灭,(突然)伸出,长出
shoot up 升起,喷出,(植物)发芽,长高,猛增,(物价)暴涨
shooting (n.) 射击(术);射击运动
例句: The hunter aimed at the animal but did not shoot. (猎人向那个动物瞄准但未开枪。)
辨析: shoot (射击) vs. fire (开火)
串记: The scene where he shot a bird was shot. (他射鸟的那一幕被拍下来了。)
2. 形容词及其副词形式:
2.1 secret (adj.) & secretly (adv.) & secretive (adj.) & secretary (n.) 秘密的, 秘书
拓展:
in secret 秘密地;私下地(反in public)
in the secret 知道内情
let in on a secret 让某人知道秘密
keep sth. secret from sb. 把某事对某人保密
例句: The secretary told me the secret in secret. (秘书秘密地把秘密告诉了我。)
辨析: secret (秘密的) vs. confidential (机密的) vs. private (私人的)
串记: The secretary told me the secret in secret. (秘书秘密地把秘密告诉了我。)
2.2 serious (adj.) & seriously (adv.) 严肃的, 认真地
拓展:
be serious about 对…认真,认真对待
take it seriously 认真对待
例句: Do not treat this serious matter as a joke. (不要把这件严肃的事情当作笑料。)
辨析: serious (严肃的,严重的) vs. important (重要的)
串记: The result could be serious. As a result, you must take it seriously. (后果可能很严重, 你必须认真对待。)
2.3 sensible (adj.) & sense (n.) & senseless (adj.) & sensitive (adj.) 明智的,感觉, 无意义的, 敏感的
拓展:
come to one's senses 恢复理性,醒悟过来,(昏迷后)苏醒过来
in a sense 某一方面;从某种意义上(讲)
make sense 讲得通,有意义
make sense of 了解……的意思,弄懂……的意思
a sense of …的感觉
There is no sense in (doing) sth.[口语]做某事是没有道理/无意义的
be sensible of 知道
be sensible to light 能感光
be sensitive to 对…敏感
例句: In a sense,I can't agree with what you said. (从某种意义上说,我不同意你的话。)
辨析: sensible (明智的) vs. sensitive (敏感的) vs. reasonable (合理的)
串记: In a sense, as a sensible woman, she in no sense loses her sense of judgement, and she always manages to make sense of everything. As a result, there is no sense in worrying about her. (从某种意义上说,作为一个有理智的女人,她决不会丧失判断力,她总是设法把一切都讲得合情合理。因此,为她担心是没有意义的。)
2.4 separate (adj.) & separately (adv.) & separation (n.) 分开的, 分离
拓展:
separate A from B 把A和B分开
divide...into... 把……分成……
例句: It is impossible to separate belief from emotion. (信仰和感情是分不开的。)
辨析: separate (分开的) vs. different (不同的)
串记: He separated from his wife after 20 years of marriage and lived in two separate buildings. (他和妻子在结婚20年后分居了并住在两栋独立的楼房内。)
2.5 sharp (adj.) & sharpen (v.) & sharply (adv.) 锋利的, 削尖, 急剧地
拓展:
be sharp at 擅长…,善于…
be sharp with 对…严厉的
sharpener 卷笔刀;磨具
例句: She was very sharp with me when I forgot my book. (我忘记带书了,她把我训斥了一顿。)
辨析: sharp (锋利的,敏锐的) vs. pointed (尖的)
串记: The girl of sharp intelligence with a sharp eyes sensed the sharp increase of house price. (这个聪明伶俐、目光敏锐的女孩觉察到房价的急剧增加。)
2.6 shameful (adj.) & shameless (adj.) & shame (n.) & ashamed (adj.) 可耻的, 无耻的, 羞愧
拓展:
shame sb.for sth.使某人为某事而羞愧
shame into 使某人感到惭愧而做某事
shame out of 使某人感到惭愧而不做某事
to one’s shame 令某人惭愧的是
What a shame! 多可惜!真遗憾! 真丢脸!
例句: What a shame they couldn't come! (他们不能来了,真是遗憾。)
辨析: shameful (可耻的) vs. embarrassed (尴尬的)
串记: To our shame, he did a shameful thing, but he didn’t feel shamed, which made others think he was shameless. (让我们感到羞耻的是,他做了一件可耻的事,但他并不感到羞耻,这使得其他人认为他是无耻的。)
2.7 shocking (adj.) & shocked (adj.) 令人震惊的, 震惊的
例句: We were all shocked at the shocking news that he had resigned. (听到他辞职的消息,我们都很震惊。)
辨析: shocking (令人震惊的) vs. surprising (令人惊讶的)
3. 其他:
3.1 seek (v.) 寻找, 追求
拓展:
seek to do sth.(正式)试图做某事
seek one's fortune 寻找致富(或成功)的机会
seek after/for 追求,寻求
seek out 挑选出;找出
例句: Many young people leave their hometown to seek their fortune in big cities. (很多年轻人离开家乡到大城市寻找成功的机会。)
辨析: seek (寻找,追求) vs. search for (搜寻)
串记: In order to seek out a way to seek their fortune, many people seek for gold in the west. (为了寻求致富之道,许多人到西方去淘金。)
3.2 seem (v.) 似乎
拓展:
It seems that 似乎,好像
It seems to me that 在我看来,我以为
seem (to be/like) +n. /adj.好像是,看起来像
seem to do sth. 似乎要做某事
it seems as if/though 从句 看来好像
例句: The children seemed to be eating something in the room. (孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西。)
辨析: seem (似乎) vs. appear (显得)
串记: The engine just won’t start. Something seems to have gone (go) wrong with it. (引擎发动不了。看起来好像出了什么毛病。)
3.3 seize (v.) 抓住, 夺取
拓展:
seize sb.by the+部位 抓住某人的……部位
seize from 从…夺走
b