大学英语四六级作文写作应试指导.doc

大学英语四六级作文写作应试指导 英语是一门语言，而语言的学习与模仿之间是如影相随。众多研究者都提出了模仿在写作中的重要性。因此，在平时的学习中，我们要多观察、记忆并模仿一些精美的句子、段落、篇章来熟知一些词汇搭配、句型结构、语法结构、习惯用法、句子衔接手段以及段落的发展方法等，并将之用于我们的写作中。下面就英语四六级作文常用的句型做如下总结： 1. 文章开头的句型： 好的开始是成功的一半。文章的开头是你留给阅卷老师的第一印象，所以这第一炮一定要打响才行，也就是说既清楚明白又引人注目。开头是总领全文的，有一定的统摄性，因此一定要言简意赅，不要写得太长。关于开头的写法，传统的方法有很多，比较常用的有： 1)开门见山。这一般都用于谈及对某个观点或现象的看法的文章，在文章的开头就简单的谈出个人看法，然后在下文里展开论述。如： The benefits of television: With the improvement of people’s living standard, almost every family can afford to buy a television set. Television is becoming increasingly popular because of its values in entertaining and educating. 常用的句型有： It's well known to us that ．．．/As is known to us，．．．/It is universally acknowledged that ．．．/ It is conceivable /obvious/apparent that ．．．/ It is commonly/widely/increasingly believed/thought/held/acknowledged that … 例句：It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us. 全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺 。 We cannot ignore the fact that．．． /No one can deny the fact that．．．/There is no denying the fact that．．． /There is no doubt that ．．． 例句：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment． 例句：There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. 毫无疑问我们的教育制度令人不满意。 C. This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．/ This is a topic that is being widely talked about．/Recently, sth./the problem of．．．has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern./ One of the universal issues we are faced with/that cause increasing concern is that.../ Nowadays there is much/general discussion as to …. 例句：Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter. / D. With the rapid development / improvement in．．．/growing awareness of. ．．．, more and more. ．．．/sth．．． 例句：With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people's minds at ease. E. Nowadays, more/most important/dangerous for our society is．．． 例句：Nowadays, most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles. F. It is a traditional practice to．．．in our society. / It has long been considered only right and proper to．．．. 例句：It is a traditional practice for young people to be financially dependent on their parents for anything like marriage and housing. G. In recent years there has been big growth in---X is so popular that it has become an indispensable part in our life. H. One of the main problems with today’s ---is that---The problem will exert a harmful effect on--- I. With the development/improvement/growth of …, 2)引用名言。用名人名言或谚语开头，往往比直接用个人的话更有说服力，也给文章增添色彩。当然这要以广泛的积累为基础，不然临时可想不出来。在引用古语或名人名言的时候要注意引用的准确性，如果把握不准的话，不如不引用。如： Women are not treated equally with men: “we hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain inalienable right．．．”, the American Declaration of Independence declares. While in china, everyone is familiar with the saying “women are equal with men” or “women can hold half of the sky”. It seems that men and women are treated equally, at least in law. But the reality is a different story. 常用的句型有： As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．” One of the great sociologists/psychologists has said:“．．．” 例句：The great classical ballerina Anna Pavlova has said: “No one can arrive from being talented alone. God gives talent; work transforms talent into genius.” In other words ．．． C. As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”. On the one hand, physical exercise is good for you health. On the other hand, if you don’t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides. D. As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”. 常用谚语： 1. To open a book is always beneficial. 2. All work and no play make Jack a dull boy. 3. Knowledge is power. 4. More haste, less speed. 5. A good beginning is half done. 6. Time and tide wait for no man. 7. Every little (bit) helps. 8. A little learning is a dangerous thing. 9. It’s never too late to learn. 10. Easier said than done. 11. Actions speak louder than words. 12. Opportunity knocks at the door only once. 13. Failure teaches success. 14. A life without a friend is a life without a sun. 15. A contented mind is a perpetual feast. 16. God helps those that help themselves. 17. Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 18. Never put off until tomorrow what can be done today. 19. To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting. 20. If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday. 21. Honesty is the best policy 22. Each man has his limitation. 23. Don’t put the cart before the horse. 24. A friend is easier lost than found. 25. A good medicine tastes bitter. 26. Things done can not be undone. 3)自问自答。通过提问的方式引起读者对文章的兴趣，你可以在篇首简单给出答案，也可以将答案放到接下来的段落中。这一般都是用在作文题本身就是提问式或是结论式的文章中。如： What is a good student? Different people may have different answer to this question. Someone thinks that a good student should be good at academic work. Others claim that a good student should be one who is all round development of morality, intelligence and physique. But I think, in addition to the above mentioned, a good student, above all, should be capable of doing practical work, and must be competent in the future work． 这是自问自答式的，在第一段中根据题目所给的问题，先写出提示中的两种观点，然后有连接词but，提出自己不同的看法，使人对作者的意图一目了然。 常用的提问句型有： A．What does sth. mean? B．How/Why does sth. affect our life? C．What is it like to do．．．? 例句：What is it like to have lost all confidence in oneself? D．What would our society be like if there were no．．．? 例句：What would our society be like if there were no public morals? E．Should we put sth. above sth. else? 或：Should we attach as much weight to A as to B? 例句：Should we put intellectual development above moral education? F. Have you ever thought/wondered …? 4)对比式。在命题作文中，它往往会给出一些提示，表明两种不同的态度，再要求你写出自己的看法。用这种开头的方法要考虑一下整个文章的布局。如果你的主体是论述个人的看法而非别人的观点，那么在开头就有必要交代一下对于这个问题目前存在的一些看法。 如： 考题的提示是：有人说成功主要靠运气，有人则认为成功主要靠勤奋，而与运气无关。你的观点是什么?说明你的理由。这其实就是要你以你的理由为表达主体。如果按照作文提示要求是要把别人的观点单独成段的话，则不需要在开头展开对双方看法的论述，留到下面再说。 How to achieve success: Some people say that the key to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. There is no doubt that successful people take advantage of opportunities. But if he works little and just waits to see opportunities pass by, he still can’t succeed. So, in my opinion, diligence, devotion and perseverance are three fundamental factors to success. 又如： 题目要求是： 有人认为业余时间应多参加一些体育活动。 有人认为业余时间应多做一些智力活动，如读书、看报、写作等。 我的看法。 这就是要你将题目的要点单独成段，所以在开头就不用交代得太清楚，点到即可。 How to spend spare time: Physical activities and intellectual pastimes are two basic ways for us to spend our spare time. Different people may have different means of spending their leisure time. 常用的句型有： A. In recent years more and more people tend to do A. many people appreciate the convenience of A. They enjoy---They also prefer to --- On the contrary, others are attracted by B. they like---However, both A and B have their disadvantages. With the improvement of ---A will enjoy great superiority/advantages over B. B. When asked about/ When it comes to/ Faced with …, some people claim/think/argue/believe that …, but/while others maintain that… 5)讲故事。这种方法比较新颖，能使文章活泼有趣，但是要注意故事的长短。如果你整篇文章都要围绕该故事展开，你的开头即是故事的开头。如果你仅是用其做个例子，就要写得简单清楚，往往可以是生活中常遇到的一些情景。 Most of us may have such experience: when you go to some place far away from the city where you live and think you know nobody there, you are surprised to find that you run into one of your old classmates on the street, perhaps both of you would cry out: “what a small world!” 常用于引用故事的句型有： A．Once in a newspaper/magazine, I hit upon the report that．．． 例句：Once in a newspaper, I hit upon the news that a quick witted policeman spotted a suspect's spittle in the street blotted it up and ran a D