2023届高考英语一轮复习厘清句子成分和基本句型 学案 （含答案）.doc

英语基础学习厘清句子成分和基本句型位置主语一般位于句首但若不定式短语动名词短语名词性从句作主语常用it作形式主语则把真正的主语放在句后考点2谓语坚决服从主语领导执行命令雷厉风行谓语置于主语之后描述主语所发出的动作或主语具有的特征或状态常用作谓语的主要有动词和动词短语等谓语有时态语态和语气的变化谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应即主谓一致写出加黑部分在句中所做的成分Thelittlegirlsmiledhappily谓语Shetakespartinallkindsofafterschoolactivities谓语ThegirlcanspeakChineseandRussian主语Whathesaidatthemeetingisreasonable主语Iwillspendthissummerholidayinthecountryside谓语Thewateriscleaninourhometown谓语Icanhearbirdssinginginthegreentrees谓语Itisimpossibleforhimtopassthetest主语考点3宾语一直受到压迫有时翻身农奴把歌唱1定义宾语是动作行为的对象由名词代词不定式或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么通常放在及物动词或者介词之后有时会有双宾语在被动结构中才会翻身农奴把歌唱2形式宾语不定式短语动名词短语名词性从句作宾语常用it作形式宾语则把真正的宾语放在句后考点4宾语补足语始终寄人篱下永远成不了主人1定义宾语补足语简称宾补是对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分一般放在宾语之后常用作宾补的有名词形容词副词介词短语不定式现在分词过去分词等宾语宾语补足语可统称为复合宾语2复合宾语宾语宾语补足语的结构结构注释例句宾语名词常用于该结构的动词有namecallmakefindthinkleave等WecallhimPeterTheymadehertheirmonitor宾语形容词常用于该结构的动词有keepthinkbelieveleavedrivemakegetwant等WecantleavehimaloneShealwayskeepsourclassroomclean宾语副词常用于该结构的副词有downupheretherehomeinoutanywhere等MyuncledroveushomeWhengettingthereshefoundhimout宾语介词短语介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语即宾语所处的状态两者有主表的关系WefoundeverythingingoodorderIregardhimasmybestfriend宾语不定式三种情况要求带to的不定式要求不带to的不定式加to或不加to皆可ThefarmeraskedustohavedinnerShehelpshermothertodohousework宾语现在分词现在分词作宾补此时的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语与宾补有着主谓关系IsawherplayingontheplaygroundIheardTomsingingintheclassroom宾语过去分词宾语和宾补之间是被动关系过去分词表示被动和完成IhadmywatchstolenyesterdayShespokeloudlytomakeherselfheard形式宾语形容词不定式短语动名词短语名词性从句作宾语常用it作形式宾语HefounditimpossibletoriseIthinkitnousearguingwithher名师指津句型主语宾语宾语补足语改为被动语态时宾语补足语就变为主语补足语考点5表语最会察言观色就看主子脸色1表语位于连系动词后用来说明主语的身份特征状态性质职业数量处所等2常见的系动词主要有1状态类beamisarewaswere2持续类keepstayremainlie等3表象类seemappear等4感官类looksoundsmelltastefeel5渐变类growturngetgobecomecomefall6证明类prove3常用作表语的有名词代词形容词副词不定式动名词分词介词短语表语从句等1形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore2名词作表语Myfatherisateacher3副词作表语Everyoneishere4介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre5不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish6动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses7从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidntcometoschoolyesterday补全句子Hedoesntlikeswimming喜欢游泳Heseemedworriedaboutit似乎为那件事担心Motherboughtmeashirtyesterday昨天给我买了一件衬衫Thedoctoradvisedmetotakedomoreexercise劝我多锻炼IheardMarysinginginherroom在她房间里正在唱歌考点6定语鞍前马后搞服务全心全意勤务兵1定语是用于对名词或代词起修饰限定作用的词短语或句子单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前前置定语而短语或从句作定语时往往放在被修饰词之后后置定语2常用作定语的有名词代词数词形容词副词介词短语动名词动词不定式现在分词过去分词定语从句等1形容词作定语Theblackbikeismine2代词作定语Whatsyourname3名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers4介词短语作定语TheboysintheroomareinClassThreeGradeOne5不定式作定语Ihavenotimetotravelinspring6从句作定语ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter7过去分词作定语Therearefallenleavesontheground考点7状语行踪飘忽不定却对动词情有独钟1状语用来修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或整个句子用来表示行为发生的时间地点目的原因结果条件让步程度方式比较伴随等状语一般放在句末但有时也可以放在句首句中2状语一般由副词介词短语分词短语不定式状语从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当Hediditcarefully副词用作程度状语Withouthishelpwecouldnthaveworkeditout介词短语用作条件状语TocatchupwithmyclassmatesImuststudyhard不定式作目的状语Thegirlsenteredtheroomtalkingandlaughing现在分词作伴随状语WhenIwasyoungIcouldswimwell时间状语从句Hehelpedmealthoughhedidntknowme让步状语从句考点8同位语总是玩失踪特殊场合还是显露原形同位语用于对名词或代词的进一步解释说明且与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位常位于名词或代词之后常用作同位语的有名词名词短语数词代词同位语从句等单句语法填空AboyenteredtheroomcryingcryShelistenedtomecarefullycarefulwhileweweretalkingThegirlwhothatiswearingareddressismycousinHetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegameThefactthatColumbusdiscoveredAmericaisknowntoall二基本句型常见的句子结构有八种主语谓语主语连系动词表语主语谓语宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语宾语宾语补足语主语谓语状语主语谓语宾语状语存现句ThedooropenedSV门开了SheteachesEnglishSVO她教英语TheflowersmellssweetSP这朵花闻起来很香MrSmithlentmehiscarSVIODOMrSmithlenthiscartome史密斯先生把他的车借给了我ThenewsmadeusverysurprisedSVOC这消息使我们很吃惊TheylivedinBeijingSVA他们住在北京SheputallthebooksonthedeskSVOA她把所有的书都放在桌上了Thereisasmallpoolatthefootofthemountain山脚下有一个小池塘存现句名师指津1SVIODO句子结构可以是主谓间宾直宾或主谓直宾tofor间宾2Therebe结构中There在该结构中是个引导词本身无词义动词be是谓语有时态变化也可与情态动词连用动词be要和后面的就近的主语取得单复数方面的一致3分辨SVIODO和SVOC诀窍如果宾语与其后的成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系则该动词接的是复合宾语否则就是双宾语根据句型知识选择正确答案ThenewsmakesmefeelveryhappyThestructureofthissentenceisASVOBSVCSVPDSVOCThesentencestructureofThehightemperaturemakespeoplesleepyisASVPBSVOCCSVODSVIODOWhatsthesentencestructureofShefoundherseateasilyASVBSVPCSVOADSVOCThesentenceMumboughtmesomenicepresentsisASVPBSVOCCSVIODODSVO答案DBCC分析下列句子的成分主语谓语宾语表语宾补状语1Shesmiled2Theexpertcouldspeakseverallanguagesasshewasyoung3Maryshowedmeherbirthdaypresent4Finallysettinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident5Goalsareimportantinmanyways6Youshouldlistenmorecarefully7AuntWanghelpedmeinmanyways8BeijingthecapitalofChinaisabeautifulcity单句写作1赛跑在上午9点开始Theracebeganat900am2他赚了很多钱Heearnedalotofmoney3我的朋友约翰英语很好MyfriendJohnisgoodatEnglish4她建议我多做体育锻炼Sheadvisedmetotakemorephysicalexercise5老师给了我们一些关于如何保护自己不受伤害的建议Theteachergaveussomeinstructionsadvicesuggestionsonhowtoprotectourselvesfrominjury语法填空2021济南市高三5月模拟试题BattlingcoronavirusisanexperiencethatwillforeverstayinmymindIhadwhatwasconsideredamildcasebuteveninitsweakestformthisviruswas1violenceandcruelMyhusbandLouisandIhavebeentryingtofigureoutwherewefirstcameintocontact2thevirusandwethinkitwastheFridaynightwhenwewentout3celebratehissistersbirthdayinearlyMarchWewenttoaMexicanrestaurant4wesharedlotsoflaughsandfoodWedidntthinkanythingofitatthetime5lookbacknowwethinkthatmusthavebeenthestartofitallSharingfoodanddrinks6beoneoftheeverydayhabitsthatshouldchangeforeveraftercoronavirusLouisbeganshowingsymptomsonMondaybutweassumeditwas7typicalcoldItdidntseemacauseforconcernThenittook8IdownThedoctorwascertainIwouldtestpositiveforcoronavirusbutgavemetheoptiontotest9IwantedtoknowforsureIoptedtobetestedNowthatI10recoverImsharingmystorybecauseIwantpeopletotakethissituationseriouslyWehavetofightthisbattletogetherandwehavetowin语篇解读本文是记叙文文章讲述了作者和丈夫感染冠状病毒的经历1violent考查形容词此句是主系表结构并列连词and后面是形容词cruel此空也用形容词作表语故填violent2with考查介词固定搭配contactwith意为与接触应用介词with故填with3tocelebrate考查动词不定式此处指出去庆祝他姐姐的生日表目的应用动词不定式todo表目的故填tocelebrate4where考查定语从句关系词aMexicanrestaurant是先行词后接一个非限制性定语从句先行词在从句中作地点状语应用关系副词where故填where5Looking考查现在分词此句已有谓语动词think且无连词此处用非谓语形式主语we和动词look是逻辑上的主动关系应用现在分词doing表主动作时间状语注意首字母大写故填Looking6is考查主谓一致主语是Sharingfoodanddrinks动名词作主语谓语用单数此处指一般事实用一般现在时故填is7a考查冠词此处指一种典型的感冒表泛指应用不定冠词typical以辅音音素开头应用不定冠词a故填a8me考查代词谓语动词took后接宾格应用宾格me故填me9if考查连词句意医生肯定我会检测出冠状病毒阳性但如果我想确定的话他给了我检测的选择权由语境可知此处表条件应用连词if故填if10haverecovered考查时态nowthat既然由于相当于since引导原因状语从句用现在完成时hashavedonerecover这个动作表示过去发生对现在产生的影响故填haverecovered