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饮尽孤单
上传于：2024-08-31
1Unit2InSpanishmachoennoblesLatinmalesInEnglishitdevaluesthemThispatternseemsconsistentwiththeconflictsethnicminoritymalesexperienceinthiscountryTypicallytheculturaltraitsothersocietiesvaluedonttranslateasdesirablecharacteristicsinAmericaIwatchedmyownfatherstrugglewiththeseculturalambiguitiesHeworkedonafarmFortwentyyearsHelaiddownmilesofirrigationpipecarefullyplowedlongneatrowsinfieldshackedawayatrecalcitrantweedsanddrovetractorsthroughwhirlpoolsofdustHestoicallyworkedtwentyhoursdaysduringharvestseasonacceptingthelonghoursaspartofagriculturalworkWhenthebosscomplainedorupbraidedhimforminormistakeshekeptquietevenwhenitwasobviousthebosshaderredHehandledthemostmenialtaskswithprideAthomehewasagoodproviderhelpedoutmymothersfamilyinMexicowithoutcomplaintandwasindulgentwithmeArgumentsbetweenmymotherandhimgenerallyhadtodowithmoneyorwithhisstubbornreluctancetosharehistroublesHetriedtoworkthemoutinhisownsilenceHedidntwanttotroublemymotheracoursethatbackfiredbecausetheimaginedisalwaysworsethantherealityAmericansregardedmyfatherasdecidedlyunmachoHischaracterwasinterpretedasnonassertivehisloyaltynonambitionandhisquietnessignoranceIonceoverheardthebossssonblamehimforplowingcrookedrowsinafieldMyfathermerelysmiledatthelieknowingtheboyhaddoneitbutdidntrefuteitconfidenthisgoodworkwaswellknownButthebossinsteadridiculedhimforbeingstupidandlettingakidgetawaywithalieSeeingmyembarrassmentmyfatherdismissedtheincidentsayingTheyrethedumbonesImaginemefighingwithakidUnit3AstronautstravelingtoMarswonthaveconstantcontactwithmissioncontrolortheir2familiesTheywonthavevirtualvisitsfromcelebritiestolookforwardtoandtheyllbelackingthemesmerizingviewsoftheirhomeplanetthatkeepcurrentastronautsremarkablyentertainedParticularlyafterthehalfwaypointinajourneyandonthewayhomefromMarsresearchersworrythatthemundanerealityoflifeonaspaceshipcouldpushsomeastronautsintoastateofchronicboredomasituationthatsassociatedwithsymptomsofdepressionandattentiondeficitdisordersNeitherofwhichyoureallywanttoexperienceinaplacewheresmallmistakesoroverlookedresponsibilitiescouldleadtocatastropheSohowwillwedealwithboredominspaceThereareseveralcoolstrategiesandyoumightbeparticularlyinterestedinoneproposedbyShery1BishopwhothinksthatgameswillhaveanimportantroletoplayinkeepingastronautssharpandalertonlongmissionsPlayingagamewithacomputerorwiththesamegroupofpeopleyouretrappedonaspaceshipwithcanBishopanMMORPGplayerherselfstartedthinkingaboutthebenefitsofplayingagainstachangingandunfamiliarcadreofrealpelpleUnit4PoetryisaformofliteraryartwhichusesaestheticandrhythmicqualitiesoflanguagePoetryhasalonghistoryEarlypoemsevolvedfromfolksongssuchastheChineseShijingorfromaneedtoretelloralepicsandtheHomericepicstheIliadandtheOdysseyAncientattemptstodefinepoetrysuchasAristotlesPoeticsfocusedontheusesofspeechinrhetoricdramasongandcomedyLaterattemptsconcentratedonfeaturessuchasrepetitionverseformandrhymeandemphasizedtheaestheticswhichdistinguishpoetryfrommoreobjectivelyimformativeprosaicformsofwritingFromthemin20thcenturypoetryhassometimesbeenmoregenerallyregardedasafundamentalcreativeactemployinglanguagePoetyusesformsandconventionstosuggestdifferentialinterpretationtowordsortoevokeemotiveresponsesTheuseofambiguitysymbolismironyandotherstylisticelementsoftenleavesapoemopentomultipleinterpretations3SomepoetrytypesarespecifictoparticularculturesandgenresandrespondtocharacteristicsofthelanguageinwhichthepoetwritesMuchmodernpoetryreflectsacritiqueofpoetictraditionIntodaysincreasinglyglobalizedworldpoetsoftenadaptformsstylesandtechniquesfromdiverseculturesandlanguagesUnit5AirplooutionisanimportantfactorinboththeincidenceandcausesofrespiratorydiseasesWhentheconcentrationofPM25increasesby10microgramspercubicmeterhospitalizationmayincreasebyupto31percenthesaidPM25referstoparticulatemattersmallerthan25micronsindiameterwhichcanpenetratethelungsandaremoreharmfulthanlargerparticleSmogcovered143millionsquarekilometersrecentlyincludingBeijingandTianjinmunicipalitiesandtheprovincesofHebeiHenanShandongJiangsuAnhuiHubeiandHunanPM25wasthemainpollutantinBeijingwithanaveragereadingof310microgramspercubicmeteroverthepast24hoursHebeisindustriesarecitedasamajorcontributortosmoggydaysinNorthChinaincludingBeijingTheindustriesproducedthemajorityofairpollutantsinHebeiemittingatleast60percentoftheprovincessulfurdioxidenitrogenoxideanddustandaccountingfor53percentoftheprovincesuseofcoal167millionmetrictonsin2012Thegovernmentnowwillmonitorthemajor521companiesfromtheprovincesindustriesInadditiontoimplementingemissionpermitsandthemonitoringsystemtheprovincewillshutdown94obsoleteironandsteelsinteringplantsinstalldesulfurizationequipmentin43percentproductionlinesand94glassmakinglinesandupdate49coalfiredpowerplantstoreducedustemissionsUnit7ChinaisalreadydoingalottomeetthatchallengeonpaperatleastEvenbeforetheBeijingsmogsettledthegovernmenthadissued20significantantipollutionlawsandtensofthousandsofdecreesItestablishedaMinistryforEnvironmentalProtectionin2008andatthelastCommunistPartyconferencein2012addedtheenvironmenttothefourplatformsbasic4beliefsthatdefinewhatthepartystandsforInChinathatsortofsignalmattersButthenewleadersworryatleastasmuchaboutfalteringshorttermgrowthasaboutenvironmentaldegradationTheprimeministerLiKeqiangreflectedtheseconflictingdemandsinhisinauguraladdressinMarchwhenhesaidItisnogoodhavingprosperityandwealthwhiletheenvironmentdeterioratesbutthensaiditwasjustasbadtohavepovertyandbackwardnessinthemidstofclearwatersandverdantmountainsUnit8TheglobalentertainmentindustryischaracterizedbyadrivetoenterconsumermarketsworldwideandtheintensiveuseoftechnologyInspiteofthedispersiveeffectsofnewtechnologiesandinternationalizationproductionandmarketingfactorshavecausedtheentertainmentindustrytokeeptisproductionfacilitiesintraditionallocationsAmericansoapoperasandsitcomareanexamplethesimpletechnicalleveloftheseshowswhichseldomrequirespecialeffectsvaststudiosoralargenumberofactorswouldsuggestthatthiskindofentertainmentcanbeproducedalmostanywhereNeverthelessthemajorityoftheseprogramsareproducedeitherinandaroundLosAngelesorinNewYorkCityTelevisionproductiondeclinedinNewYourCityduringthe1980srelativetothatinLosAngeleswhichcouldoffermoreflexibleproductionspaceItishoweveronceagainagrowingsectortheresasnewstudioscontinuetobebuiltespeciallyontheWestSideofManhattanThesetwocitieshaveremaineddominantbecausetheyareamongthefewplacesinwhichtheentertainmentindustrycanfindenoughcreativeprofessionalsactorsdirectorsandwritersaswellasmarketingspecialiststoensuretheproductsinternationalsuccess