2014年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案

2014年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题及参考答案 词汇选项： His stomach felt hollow with fear. sincere B. respectful　 C. empty D. terrible The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated. invented B. reproduced　 C. designed D. reported His professional career spanned 16 years. started B. changed　 C. lasted D. moved She felt that she had done her good deed for the day. act B. homework　 C. justice D. model The group does not advocate the use of violence. limit B. support　 C. regulate D. oppose Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes. motionless B. silent　 C. seated D. true There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject. point B. result　 C. finding D. tendency That uniform makes the guards look absurd. serious B. beautiful　 C. impressive D. ridiculous New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity. amazing B. depressing C. predictable D. dull The country was torn apart by strife. conflict B. poverty　 C. war D. economy This was disaster on cosmic scale. modest B. commercial　 C. huge D. national A person’s wealth is often in inverse proportion to their happiness. equal B. certain　 C. large D. opposite The department deferred the decision for six months. put off B. arrived at　 C. abided by D. protested against The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation. copy B. publish　 C. summarize D. furnish The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later. eased B. improved　 C. relieved D. appeared 阅读判断： ‘Feed Me Better’ When British TV chef Jamie Oliver launched his ‘Feed Me Better’ campaign in 2004 in schools in the Greenwich area of London with the aim of improving the diet of British schoolchildren, some people were skeptical about the impact it would have. Oliver’s highly-publicized television campaign to improve school lunches led to dramatic changes in the meals offered to publics in the Greenwich schools. In order to achieve his arm Oliver needed to show schools how to swap (交换) cheap processed meals, which were high in saturated fat (饱和脂肪) ，salt and sugar, for healthier options. Now, research at the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) has shown that Oliver’s experiment did not only help pupils eat more healthily, it also resulted in them performing better at school in English and Science and in helping schools reduce their rates of absenteeism (缺勤). The ISER study, carried out by Michele Belot and Jonathan James. Showed ‘substantial’ positive effects, with the performance of 11-year-old pupils eating Oliver’ meals improving by up to 8% in Science and by as much as 6% in English. In addition, the number of children having authorized absences for sickness since 2004 showed a 14% decrease. The ISER study analysed the academic test results of more than 13,000 children in Greenwich between 2002 and 2007 to evaluate the impact of Oliver’s healthier meals on school performance. Pupils who sat exams in 2006—2007 had been on the new diet for at least 12 months, and the researchers found that the number of pupils reaching higher levels of achievement had clearly risen. The study also compared the results of the schools in Greenwich those of pupils of the same age in seven other London areas who did not eat the meals created by Oliver. The researchers were surprised by the speed of improvements in the Greenwich pupils. They could find no other explanation for the results expect for the healthier and more nutritious meals created by Oliver. Commenting on ISER’s findings, Oliver said he felt the research proved that he was right in his decision to remove fatty processed food and replace it with nutrient-rich (营养的) foods such as coconut (椰子) ,fish and broccoli (花椰菜). He commented that ‘we could see that it made them calmer and therefore able to learn’. 16.The ‘Feed Me Better’ campaign targeted a healthier diet at schoolchildren. A. right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17.Everyone believed the campaign should be successful. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18.The ISER is an institute that does research on pupils’ performance in sport. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19.The pupils in Greenwich said they liked the healthier meals. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20.The number of pupils who asked for sick leave decreased. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. The ISER did not do a comparative study on the impact of the new diet. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22.The healthier diet has helped schoolchildren improve academically. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 概括大意与完成句子 Aromatherapy(芳香疗法) 　　1 Aromatherapy is a form of alternative medicine which is based on the use of very concentrated essential oils from the flowers, leaves, bark, branches or roots of plants which are considered to have healing properties. In aromatherapy these powerful oils are mixed with other oils, such as almond(杏仁)oil, or they are diluted(稀释)with water. These solutions(溶液剂)can be rubbed on the skin, sprayed in the air, or applied as a compress(敷药)。 　　2 Many people have aromatherapy massages(按摩),and depending on the treatment a person is having, the aromatherapist will massage the oil into the hands or shoulders. The massage is smooth and flowing, as it is designed to create a sense of relaxation and calm. The sessions are tailored to the individual's health and mood at the time, so every session is unique. 　　3 Practitioners of aromatherapy believe that the aroma of the essential oils directly stimulates the brain or that the oils are absorbed through the skin into the bloodstream, where they can affect the whole body and promote healing. Other claims in support of aromatherapy are that it aids digestion, improves the functioning of respiratory system, reduces muscular aches and pains, and promotes muscle relaxation and tone. It has also been argued that aromatherapy can improve circulation, lower blood pressure, and help combat insomnia(失眠)and other stress-related disorders such as tension headaches, anxiety, and mild depression. 　　4 However, while aromatherapy may have real effects that promote a sense of well-being, some traditional medicine practitioners remain doubtful about its powers. While research has confirmed that aromatherapy does have some positive short-term effects on most people, it also suggests that aromatherapy is not an actual science or medicine that should be used to treat illness. Furthermore, not all aromatherapy is considered beneficial to health. There are precautions which should be taken before having aromatherapy because some oils can have negative effects on people with certain medical conditions. The study of aromatherapy is relatively new and unexplored. More research needs to be conducted to make scientific conclusions about its use and effects.  　　23. Paragragh1 (B) 　　24. Paragragh2 (C) 　　25. Paragragh3 (D) 　　26. Paragragh4 (A) 　　 　　  　　27. Aromatherapy is a mixture oil from parts of the plants to (A) 　　28. The sessions of aromatherapy massages are designed to (F) 　　29. Aromatherapy is believed to (B) in various ways 　　30. The used and benefits of aromatherapy need to (E) 　　 阅读理解： 第一篇： A New Strategy to Overcome Breast Cancer 　　Post-menopausal(绝经后)women who walk for an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly, a study has suggested. The report , which followed 73,000 women for 17 years, found walking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease. The American Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk was specifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence that lifestyle influenced cancer risk. 　　A recent poll for the charity Ramblers a quarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week, but being active is known to reduce the risk of a number of cancers. This study, published in Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, followed 73.615 women out of97,785 aged 50-74 who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992 and 1993,so it could monitor the incidence of cancer in the group. 　　They were asked to complete questionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active and participating in activities such as walking, swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much time they spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the same questionnaires at two-year intervals between 1997 and 2009.Of thewomen,47% said walking was their only recreational activity. Those who walked for at least seven hours per week had a 14% lower risk of breast cancer compared to those who walked three or fewer hours per week. 　　Dr.Alpa Patel, a senior epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society in Atlanta, Georgia, who led the study, said:”Given that more than 60% of women report some daily walking, promoting walking as a healthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasing physical activity amongst post-menopausal women. We were pleased to find that without any other recreational activity, just walking one hour a day was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longer activities lowered the risk even more.” 　　Baroness Delyth Morgan, chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign, said:”This study adds further evidence that our lifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer and even small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make a difference.” 　　She added:”We know that the best weapon to overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the first place. The challenge now is how we turn these 　　findings into action and identify other sustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.” 　　 31. All of the following factors relating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________ 　　A. breathing exercise 　　B. regular walking 　　C. recreational activity 　　D. lifestyle choices 32. It can be inferred from Dr. Alpa Patel’s study that____. 　　A. women have fewer chances of physical activity 　　B. daily walking could cut the chance of breast cancer 　　C. leisure-time activity is not associated with cancer risk 　　D. walking is not recommended for women with breast cancer 33. Dr. Alpa Patel was_____. 　　A. head of the survey study 　　B. chief editor of Cancer Epidemiology 　　C. chair of the American Cancer Society 　　D. chief executive of Breast Cancer Campaign 34. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 　　A. Most women take walking as their only recreational activity. 　　B. The study aims to track the health conditions of its subjects. 　　C. Walking was the only recreational acitivity for about half of the women surveyed. 　　D. Irregular walking increased the risk of breast cancer in post-menopausal women 35. The word “sustainable” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to 　　A. continuable 　　B. affordable 　　C. available D. persistent 第二篇： Around 45% of the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions come from the energy people use every----at home and when they travel . In order to generate that energy, fossil fuels (coal oil, and gas) are burnt, and these produce greenhouse gases--- in particular carbon dioxide (CO2) a year, and it is the same CO2 that is changing the climate and damaging the environment. 　　CO2 and various other gases wrap the earth in an invisible blanket helping to prevent heat from escaping. Without this greenhouse effect, the average temperature on Earth would be around -18℃, compared with the current average of around +15℃. The composition of this blanket of gases has remained relatively constant for many thousands of years. However, since the industrial revolution began around 200 years ago, people have been burning increasing amounts of fossil fuels, thus releasing more CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the process. This has increased the heating effect of the blanket, trapping more of the sun’s energy inside the Earth’s atmosphere in turn the Earth’s temperature has increased more rapidly in a shorter pennd of there that it has for thousands of years. 　　In 2008, the total UK CO2 emissions were 533 million tones 27% (144 million tonnes ) of those emissions came from th