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上传于：2024-12-23
1TheUnitedStatesistheworldsoldestsurvivingfederationItisaconstitutionalrepublic宪政共和国Federal联邦andstatejudicial司法的andcabinetofficialsaretypicallynominated提名bytheexecutivebranch行政部门andapprovedbythelegislature立法机关althoughsomestatejudgesandofficialsareelectedbypopularvote普选IntheAmericanfederalistsystemcitizensareusuallysubjecttothreelevelsofgovernmentfederalstateandlocalThegovernmentisregulatedbyasystemofchecksandbalances相互监督与制衡definedbytheUSConstitutionwhichservesasthecountryssupreme最高的legaldocument2RacialdiscriminationorthecolorproblemrefersmainlytoNegroesintheUnitedStatesastheyconstituteonetenthofthetotalpopulationThetermNegroisappliedtopeopledescendedorpartlydescendedfromslavestransportedfromAfricalongagotheNegropositiontodaycouldntbeunderstoodTheblackpopulationisabout20millionTheirancestorswerebroughttoAmericaasslavesintheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturiesNearlyalltheirdescendantswerekeptinlegalslaveryintheSouthuntil1865ThesouthernstatesweredefeatedintheCivilWarandwereforcedtoabolishslaveryandsettheslavesfreeButthesouthernersweredeterminedtokeeptheNegroesfrombecomingequalinanythingbutconstitutionallawTheFederalGovernmenthasgraduallycompelledthewhitemajorityintheSouthtoallowNegroestoenjoycivicrightsButlegalprotectionhasbeenslowtodevelopandhasnotyetsolvedthesocialproblemofinequalityinvotingeducationemploymentandhousing