2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册Unit 3词汇，短语，语法归纳.doc

八下 unit 3 重点语法 重点语法： ■1. 表示礼貌的请求，语气委婉，客气。“请你做…行吗？” Could you please + 动词原形 + 其它？　　　或　　　Could you + 动词原形 + 其它 + please？ eg: Could you please help me with my English?　或　 Could you help me with my English please? 肯定回答：Yes, sure./ Of course./ Certainly./ No problem./ With pleasure. 否定回答：Sorry, I can't./ I am afraid I can't. 2. 表示请求对方许可，语气礼貌，委婉。“我可以做…吗？”　　Could I + 动词原形 + 其它 ? eg: Could I use your bicycle? eg: Could I leave now? 肯定回答：Yes, sure./ Of course./ Certainly.(※回答不可用could，可以用can，如： Yes, of course you can.) 否定回答：Sorry, I can't./ I am afraid I can't. neither adj./ adv./ pron. 两者都不　　（使用范围：两者）（neither做主语时 谓语动词通常用单数） △ adj. （两者）都不 　neither＋单数名词　　 eg:Ｎeither house　is mine. 两个房子都不是我的。　eg: He accepted neither gift.两个礼物他都没接受。 eg:_________________________________________________________.这两个男孩都不能回答我的问题。 pron. 两者都不，双方均不　neither of ＋the＋复数名词 或　neither of ＋复数宾格代词（them,us,you） eg： He answered neither of the letters. eg:__________________________________________________________. 两本书都没意思。 eg:__________________________________________________________. 他们两个都没有哥哥。 neither作为代词，单独使用。 eg: I bought two dresses, but neither fits me well. （neither在句中做主语时谓语动词通常用单数） eg: - Which one do you like? 你喜欢哪一个？ - Neither. 两个都不喜欢。 adv. 也没，也不。用于句首，表示前面的否定内容也适用于另一个人或物。句子采用部分倒装，主语置于助动词或系动词后。也可用nor 代替neither。既：Ｎiether/Ｎor＋be/助/情＋主语 eg: ---I am not a student.我不是学生。-- Neither is he.（﹦He isn't a student,either.）　他也不是。 eg: －－ I don't like this dress.　我不喜欢这条裙子　　－－Neither/ Nor do I.　我也不喜欢。 eg:--He can not speak French.他不会说法语。　 ---___________ ___________ ________. Mary也不会。 eg: ---You will not go the movies.你不去看电影。　 ---___________ ___________ ________. 我也不去。 eg: If you don't go to the movies, neither ＿＿＿＿＿ I. neither … nor … 既不…也不… （neither 和nor后面接同一词性的单词或短语） eg：I have neither time nor money. 我既没时间也没钱。 eg:I am good at ____________ English ________math. 我既不擅长英语，也不擅长数学。 △ ※ Neither he nor I am a student. （做主语时就近原则）他和我都不是学生。 eg: Neither Ellen's students nor Ellen ________ (like) studying. 　Ellen的学生和Ellen都不喜欢学习。 △对应短语 both...and....　两者都 eg: Both he and his brother are very tall.　 eg:___________________________________________________. Ｅｌｌｅｎ英语和日语都会讲。 △either....or....（两者中择一）　或者．．．或者．．．；　要么．．．要么．．． eg: Either you or he stays at home.　（就近原则） eg:________________________________＿＿＿＿＿＿___________________. 你既可以待在家里也可以和我去。 █ while, when, as 引导时间状语从句 1. when 引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词既可以是延续的也可以是非延续的。 eg: It was raining when she arrived. “主长　从短”型 eg: I was sleeping when the phone rang.　“主长　从短”型 eg: When I was having dinner, he came in. “主短　从长”型 2. while强调两件事的同时性，或某段时间内一种情况发生时另一种情况出现，while 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词应当是持续性动词或表示状态的词。 eg: He helped me look after my dog while I am away.　“主长　从长”型 eg: While my mum was cooking, my dad was reading.　　“主长　从长”型 eg: While I was sleeping, the phone rang.　　　　“主短　从长”型 △while还表示“对比”，译为“然而”。 eg: Lily is very outgoing while her sister is very quiet.　　 Lily很外向，然而她姐姐很安静。 △while还表示“让步”，译为“尽管，虽然”。 Eg:While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 3. as 1）引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词通常要用延续性的动词。2）强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时进行，常译为“一边....一边.....” 3) as 表示 “随着....”的意思 Eg: As I was playing with my dog, they all finished their homework. eg: She sang as she walked. 她一边走一边唱。 Eg: Students took notes as they listened. 学生们一边听课一边记笔记 Eg: As our country develops, our people are getting richer and happier. 随着我国的的发展，.... ※ 三者后面都可以接时间段 eg: While/When/As I was watching TV, someone knocked at the door. 练习题：用　when,while,as填空 We were reading books ___＿＿＿＿＿＿___ the teacher came in. I found a wallet ______＿＿＿＿＿＿__ I was walking in the park. My father was watching TV __＿＿＿＿＿＿＿_____ my mother was cooking. Please help me take care of my dog__＿＿＿＿＿_____I am away. Jack likes reading ______＿＿＿＿＿＿＿__ his brother likes dancing. Jack likes reading ___＿＿＿＿＿＿_____ he is having breakfast. _＿＿＿＿＿＿_______ we were swimming, someone stole our clothes. ____＿＿＿＿＿＿＿___Tom was having supper, it began to rain. He sang __＿＿＿＿＿_____he walked on the street. I was waiting for the bus _______________he ran to me. Students took notes ____________ they listened. __________ it is easy for most children, some might find it very difficult _________the work was difficult,it was very interesting. I learned Japanese __________ I stayed in Japan. _________ time went on, the weather got worse. 八下 unit 3 词汇归纳 █ rubbish [ ] n. 垃圾； 废弃物 [U] ▲ take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 ▲垃圾，废物 garbage; trash; junk; waste; litter █ throw [ ] v. 扔；掷 ▲ throw - threw- thrown ▲ throw sb sth = throw sth to sb 把...扔向.... eg: She threw me a ball. = She threw a ball to me. ▲ throw .. at .. 把..向..扔去 （含有寻衅的意思）eg: Stop throwing stones at the dog. 别向狗扔石子了。 ▲throw away 扔掉 eg: Throw those old books away. 把那些旧书扔掉。 ▲throw ......about 乱扔，乱丢 eg: Don't throw rubbish about in the park. 不要在公园里乱扔垃圾。 █ waste [ ] n. 废物； 浪费 [U] adj. 无用的，荒废的 v. 浪费；消耗 eg: waste things 没有用的东西； waste paper 废纸 eg： Don't waste money. eg: Put all the waste in this bag. ▲ It's a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It's a waste of time _______________ (play)computer games. ▲ waste time/money on/in doing ...... 在（做）某事上浪费（时间，钱财等）(该用法同＿＿＿＿＿一样） eg: The girl wastes a lot of money on expensive clothes. eg: The girl wastes a lot of money in buying expensive clothes. eg: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．他每天浪费很多时间看电视。 █ fold [ ] v. 对折，折叠　　eg: fold the clothes叠衣服 eg：fold a letter 把信叠起来 █ sweep [ ] v. 扫，打扫 　　▲ sweep- swept-swept eg: sweep the floor 扫地 ※区别 sweep ＆ clean sweep 一般指用扫帚，刷子等把表面的灰尘，污物清除这一动作，多用于扫地。 clean 表示各种方式的打扫干净，用途较广。 如： clean the table, clean the room █ mess [ ] n. 杂乱，不整洁； v.(把...) 弄乱，弄糟 eg: What a mess! 太乱了！ ▲ in a mess 乱七八糟 　　　　　　　　　　 Eg: Peter's room is always (in) a mess. ▲ mess sth up/ mess up sth 弄脏，弄乱　　eg: My mother always messes up the kitchen after cooking. █ all the time 反复，频繁，始终，一直　　　　　　　　 eg: Dogs and cats fight all the time.　　　　　　 eg: I keep on thinking about it all the time. █ shirt [ ] n.衬衫 █ pass [ ] v. 给，递；经过，通过 ▲pass sb sth = pass sth to sb eg: Pass me the book please.= Pass the book to me please. ▲pass the exam ▲通过具体的某一科目，用介词in eg: pass in the English exam ▲时间＋ passed 多长时间过去了 eg: Three hours passed, he is still doing his homework. ▲pass by 路过，经过 eg: I heard him singing when I passed by his room. 当我路过他房间时，我听到他正在唱歌。 █ finger [ ] n.手指 █ chore [ ] n. 杂务；乏味的工作 ▲ do chores = do (the) housework 做家务 █ snack [ ] n.点心；小吃；快餐 eg: Would you like some snacks? 吃点点心吗？ █ borrow [ ]v. 借，借入 eg: May I borrow your bike? △ borrow sth from sb 向某人借某物 eg: I borrowed some money from her. █ lend [ ]v. 借，借出 △ lend-lent-lent △ lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 eg: She lent me some money.= She lent some money to me. 她借给我一些钱 ※ 当表示某物借多长时间时，要使用keep。因为borrow 和lend是瞬间动词，不能与时间段和疑问词how long 连用。 eg: --How long can I keep the book? -- You can keep it for 2 weeks. █ hate [ ]v.讨厌，厌恶，恨 eg: I hate English. △ hate doing/ to do sth 讨厌做某事 eg: I hate getting up early, eg: I hate to talk to you. △ hatred n. 憎恶，仇恨 █ while [ ] conj. 与...同时； 当...时候 △ 引导时间状语从句 △ while引导的时间状语从句,强调两件事的同时性，或某段时间内一种情况发生时另一种情况出现。　 　while 从句中的谓语动词应当持续性动词或表示状态的词。 eg: I always listen to the radio while I am driving. eg: While my mum was cooking, my dad was reading. eg: While I was sleeping, the phone rang. △ while 还表示前后意思的对比或转折，意为“然而，而” eg: I am very busy while my friends have plenty of free time. eg: Some people waste food while others haven't enough. △ while n. 一会儿，一段时间 △ a short /long while 一会儿/很长一段时间 △ for a while 一会儿 eg: Can you w