2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册Unit 5 词汇，短语，语法归纳.doc

八下unit 5 语法归纳 过去进行时：表示在过去的某一时刻或某一段时间所发生的动作。 构成：主语+ be（was/were）+ 现在分词（v+ing） 常用时间状语：1. then, at that time/moment, 2. (at) this time +过去时间，如: at this time yesterday 3. at+ 时间点 + 过去时间， 如: at 8:00 last Friday 4. 其他时间状语： this morning, yesterday afternoon, the whole day yesterday, from seven to nine last night, all day last Sunday…… Eg: I was watching TV then/ at that time. → 一般疑问句： Were you watching TV then/at that time? → 特殊疑问句：---- What were you doing then? ----I was watching TV. Eg: My parents were taking a walk from 7 to 9 last night. →划线部分提问： What were your parents doing from 7 to 9 last night? Eg: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. →否定句： I wasn't doing my homework at this time yesterday. 用when, while引导时间状语从句充当过去的时间点或时间段。 ※when引导的从句的谓语动词即可以用持续性动词也可以用短暂性动词。 ※while 引导的从句的谓语动词只能用持续性动词。 句型1： 主句从句的两个动作同时持续进行着, 此时只用while. 主句：过去进行时；从句：while + 过去进行时 Eg: While I was doing housework, my daughter was doing her homework. = My daughter was doing her homework while I was doing housework. 句型 2： 主句的动作进行中的时候，从句的动作突然发生，此时只用when. 主句：过去进行时；从句：when+一般过去时 Eg: We were having dinner when the phone rang. = When the phone rang, we were having dinner. Eg: What were you doing when the phone rang? 句型 3：从句的动作进行中的时候，主句的动作发生了。 主句：一般过去时；从句：when/while/as/just as+过去进行时 ※as也可以引导时间状语从句 Eg: When/While/Asthe children were playing on the playground, it began to rain. Eg: When/While/As/Just as we were leaving the room, he came in. 口诀： When后可长亦可短，while后面只可长，若是两个都为长，while来把纽带当。 while “然而” 表示意思的转折,对比。eg: He is very tall while his brother is quite short. 过去进行时练习题 1. I _________ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning. 2. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ________(do) the same thing. 3. What _____ you ________ (do) at that time?   We _________ (watch) TV. 4. They _________(not make) a model ship when I saw him. 5. _____ they _______ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon? No, they ________. They _________ (clean) the classroom. 6. ______ it __________(rain) when you left school?  Yes, it ________. (No, it ________) 7. What _____ your father _____ (do) when he was your age? 8. One day, Edison ________ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play. 9. I __________ (write) a letter when the door bell rang. 10. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _________ (leave) in five minutes. 12. When the bell rang, jenny __________ (wait) in her seat. 13. She ___________ (make) her dress the whole afternoon. 14. While my father ________ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly _________ (hear) a cry. 15. When I _____ (come) in the room, he ______ (not see) me, for he ___ (read) something. 16. When we _____ (arrive) at the village, it __________ (get) dark and it _________(rain) hard. 17. What ______ your father ______ (do) yesterday evening? He ________ (study) at the evening school. 18. When he knocked at the door, my aunt _________ (cook) 19. The students ________ (sing) and __________ (dance) happily on the playground at that time. 20. I __________ (write) a letter when the door bell rang. 八下 unit 5 词汇归纳 █ storm _____________[ ] n. 风暴，暴风雨 ▲ rainstorm 暴风雨 snowstorm 暴风雪 sandstorm 沙尘暴 █ alarm_____________ [ ] n. 闹钟，警报 = alarm clock ▲fire alarm 火警 ▲ set an alarm clock 设闹钟 █ go off ____________________ 1.（闹钟）发出响声； 2. 变质； 3.爆炸 eg: I set an alarm clock this morning, but it didn't go off. eg： The milk has gone off. eg: The bomb will go off in 3 hours. █ begin _____________[ ] v. 开始 ▲pt.__________pp._____________ eg: When will the movie begin? （vi.） eg: Let's begin our class. （vt.） ▲ _____________ n. 开始 the beginning of ... ...的开始/开头 ▲ _____________ n. 初学者，新手 ▲ begin to do/doing =start to do/doing 开始做某事 eg: I began to learn/ learning English when I was a middle school student. █ heavily _____________[ ] adv. 在很大程度上；大量地；厉害地 eg: It rained heavily. eg: He smokes heavily. ▲ heavy adj. 重， 严重 █ suddenly _____________[ ] adv. 突然 eg: Suddenly, there was a loud noise. eg: He stood up suddenly. ▲ sudden adj. 突然的，突发的 eg: sudden death/change ▲ sudden n. 突发之事 ▲ all of a sudden 突然 （=suddenly） █ strange_____________ [ ] adj. 奇怪的 eg: He is a strange boy. ▲ strangely adv. 奇怪地，异常地 eg: The house was strangely quiet. ▲ stranger n. 陌生人 █ wind_____________ [ ] n. 风 ▲ _________ adj. 有风的 eg: The wind is blowing. eg： a strong wind/ strong winds 强风 █ pick up_____________________ 1.拿起，捡起 2.接电话 3.（用交通工具）接人 eg： Pick up your socks. eg: Someone is calling you.Are you going to pick up? eg: Be sure to pick me up early. █ light_____________ [ ] n.光，光线，光亮 [U]； 电灯[C]；打火机[C] eg: There was no light outside. eg: Turn on the light. ▲ adj. 浅的，轻的，亮的，轻松的，少量的 eg: This box is lighter than that one. eg: Girls like light blue. eg: some light housework ▲ v. 点燃 light-lighted-lighted; light-lit-lit █ report_____________ [ ] n./v.报告，公布 ▲___________ n. 记者 eg: A reporter is reporting the news. Have you heard of the report about it? ▲ It is reported that..... 据报道.... (It is said/believed/reported that.....) █ area _____________[ ] n.地域，地区，面积 eg: no-smoking area 无烟区； a picnic area 野餐区； fishing area 钓鱼区 eg: China has an area of about 9,600,000 square kilometers. █ wood _____________[ ] n.木头，木 eg: The desk is made of wood. ▲ woods 树林 in the woods 在树林里 ▲ wooden adj. 木制的(通常做定语）；呆板的，僵硬的，木讷的 eg：a wooden chair/bridge/box eg: The actor playing the father was too wooden. █ window _____________[ ] n.窗户 █ flash light ______________________[ ] n.手电筒，火炬 █ match _____________[ ] n.火柴； 比赛 eg: Don't play with matches. eg: The football match is wonderful. ▲ v.搭配；与...相称 eg: The tie matches your skirt well. eg: Match the words with the pictures. █ beat_____________ [ ] v. 敲打 ▲ beat-beat-beaten eg: beat a drum eg: His heart was beating fast when he won the prize. ▲ 赢得，获胜，打败 1. beat＋人（竞争对手或球队等） 2. win ＋战争，奖牌，比赛，游戏 eg: Chinese team ________ all the other teams and _________the game. █ against_____________ [ ] prep. 倚，撞，反对，对抗,预防，抵御 eg: He is standing against the wall. eg: I am against ________(smoke) in the public. （对应词：_______ prep.支持） Eg: Are you for or against the plan? ▲ beat against 敲打，击打 eg: The rain beats against the windows. █ asleep _____________[ ] adj. 睡着 ▲对应词：______________ ▲ be asleep 睡着（强调状态，可以持续） ▲ fall asleep 睡着（强调动作，是瞬间动词） eg: My father fell asleep while he was reading newspapers. eg: The baby is asleep. Be quiet, please. Eg: