2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册Unit 2 词汇，短语，语法归纳.doc

八下unit2语法归纳动词短语动词与其他一些词构成的起动词作用的短语为动词短语有的相当于及物动词有的相当于不及物动词有的兼有及物和不及物动词的特点及物动词可以接宾语而不及物动词短语不接宾语便可以表达完整的意思动词短语的构成动词介词后接宾语宾语必须放在介词后面EgIamlookingformyglasses我正在寻找我的眼镜EgDontlaughatothers不要嘲笑别人还有lookatafterliketakeafteragreewithbelongtohearofgettolearnfrompayforpointattoouttalktowiththinkofaboutaskfor动词副词三种情况相当于不及物动词后面不需要接宾语EgMymoneyranout我的钱用光了EgIgetupat6oclockeveryday我每天早上6点起床还有falldowngrowupsitdownstandupcomeout相当于及物动词当宾语是名词时既可以放在副词的后面也可以放在动词的前面当宾语是副词时必须放在副词前动词后EgturnontheTVturntheTVon打开电视Putupatentputatentup支帐篷EgPutitupthinkitover既及物也不及物EgDontgiveup不要放弃EgDontgiveuphope不要放弃希望EgWhenwilltheplanetakeoff飞机什么时候起飞EgTakeoffyourcoat脱下你的外衣还有getofffalloffcheerupwakeupputon动词副词介词后接宾语宾语必须放在介词后面EgIlookforwardtohearingfromyousoon我期待着尽快收到你的回信还有runoutofcomeupwithbehalfwaytoPayattentionto动词名词介词后接宾语宾语必须放在介词后面Egtakecareofsb照顾某人还有takepartinplayapartin系动词形容词介词后接宾语宾语必须放在介词后面代词放中间名词放两边EgMymotherisangrywithme还有bedifferentfrombebusywithbeseriousaboutbestrictwith动词名词Egmakemistakestakeawalkhavearesttellalietakeashowertakerisks八下unit2词汇归纳cleanup打扫或清除干净动副短语egPleasecleanupyourroomPleasecleanupn打扫清洁egschoolcleanup学校大扫除cheerv为欢呼喝彩VTVI安慰鼓励VTn欢呼喝彩cEgEverybodycheeredwhenthefiremenarrivedEgThestudentscheeredtherunnerloudlycheeringadj鼓舞人心的cheeringnewscheerup高兴起来振奋起来动副短语egCheerupThenewsisnottoobadcheersbupcheerupsb使高兴起来振奋起来EgNothingcancheermeuphandout分发egThegirlishandingoutsomefoodtothepoorpeoplegiveout分发散发光热气等egIhelptheteachergiveoutthetestpapersEgTheradiatorisgivingoutalotofheat耗尽用完runoutEgAfteramonththeirfoodgaveoutEgHerpatiencefinallygaveoutvolunteerv义务做自愿做n志愿者EgSheworksasavolunteerthreedaysaweekvolunteertodosth自愿做某事Eg我自愿打扫教室comeupwith想出提出主意计划回答等egWhocameupwithsuchagoodideaputoff推迟egWehavetoputoffthesportsmeetingbecauseoftheraincalloff取消signn标志信号星座标牌egatrafficroadsign交通信号egWhatsignareyou你是什么星座v签名署名egSignhereplease请在这里签名nsignature签名署名egIwrotemysignatureatthebottom底部ofthepagenoticen通告通知v注意到意识到egThenoticeonthewallsaysNoSmokingEgIdidnotnoticethenoticeonthewallnoticesbdodoingsth注意到某人正在做某事egInoticetheoldmanentertheroomEgInoticedMarycleanthetablewhenIpassedbyherroomnoticethat从句egnoticedthathelefttheroomjustnownoticesthdone注意到某事被做egInoticedthewindowbreak我注意到窗户被打破了callup打电话征召egHecalledmeuptotellmethegoodnews打电话ringupsbtelephonesbcallsbgivesbacallmakeatelephonecalltosbusedto过去曾经egIusedtobefat我过去胖Eg我过去是长头发Eg我爸爸过去吸烟否定句didntusetodoEgHedidntusetoworkataschool他过去不在学校工作Eg我妈妈过去不开车一般疑问句DidsbusetodoUsedsbdoEgDidheusetoworkataschoolEgUsedheworkataschoolYeshedidNohedidntYesheusedNoheusedntEg你妈妈过去是老师吗反义疑问句主语usedtododidnt主语主语usedtodousednt主语EgHeusedtoworkataschooldidntheusednthe注意区别beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事EgTheoldmanisusedtolivinginthecitynowEg过去我不吃辣的食物但现在我已经习惯了lonelyadj孤独的寂寞的做表语偏僻的荒凉的做定语egIsometimesfeellonelyEgalonelychildEgIusedtoliveinalonelyvillagealoneadjampadv独自单独egHelivesaloneHelivesbyhimself他一个人住EgHeisaloneathome他一个人在家carefor喜欢经常用于否定句照顾EgIdontcaremuchforsweetfoodEgCanyouhelpmecareformydogwhileIamawayseveraladjamppron几个数个一些egspentseveralweeksreadingthisbookegSeveralofthemcanspeakEnglishstrongadj强烈的强壮的对虚弱的无力的egThesunisthestrongestatnoonEgHeisastrongmanbestrongin在很擅长beweakin在薄弱EgHeisstrong介词sportsbutweak介词musicfeelingn感觉感情感触egIhaveastrongfeelingthathedoesntlikethegirlEgIdidnotmeantohurtyourfeelingsfeellinkv感觉摸起来egIfeeltiredafterrunningegTheshirtfeelssoftfeelsbsthdodoingegHefeltahandtouchinghisshouldersatisfactionn满意满足uEgasmileofsatisfaction满意的微笑egEllengetsastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhensheseesherstudentsgetgoodgradeswithsatisfaction满意地satisfyv使满意egMyanswerdoesnotsatisfyhimsatisfiedadj感到满意的besatisfiedwith对感到满意joyn高兴愉快u乐事乐趣cegthelookofjoy喜悦之情withjoy愉快地Itisajoytodosth做某事令人愉快Eg和孩子们一起玩耍是件令人愉快的事toonesjoy让某人高兴的是eg让我感到高兴的是myparentsarestillhealthyEg让他妈妈感到高兴的是hewonthefirstprizev喜欢欣赏享受ownern主人物主EgIamtheownerofthehouse我是这房子的主人ownv拥有EgIownthehouse我拥有这个房子ownadjpron自己的属于自己的总是用于myJohns等所有格形式之后1onesown某人自己的egmyownroom2ofonesown属于某人自己的egIdliketohaveaplaceofmyown3ononesown单独地独立地egTheoldmanlivesonhisowntryout试验试用egtryoutthemachinetrythemachineout试用机器egOurschoolistryingoutanewteacherforourclasstryoutfor参加选拔竞选EgHetriedoutforthefootballteamjourneyn尤指长途旅行行程egItookajourneyfromBeijingtoShanghailastyearEgWishyouagoodjourney表示抽象的旅程EgLifeisajourney表示经常走的或长或短的路程EgHowlongisyourjourneytoschoolraisevt筹集募集征集raisemoneyforfrom为筹集钱从筹集钱EgTheschoolraisedmoneyfromallthestudentsandteachersforthesickstudent饲养养育抬起EgMymotherraisesalotofchickensintheyardEgHeisstrongenoughtoraisetheboxbyhimself区别risevi升起上升egThesunrisesintheeastSectionBrepairv修理修补常用于修理形状较大构造复杂破损比较严重的东西egrepairaroadhousecarn修理U具体的修理维修工作CegThehouseisunderrepair这房子正在维修中固定短语repair用原形egThehousewantsrepairsrepairing这房子需要修理wantneeddoing某事需要被做fixv修理安装多用于口语常指带有安装固定性质的修理egHeisgoodatfixingbicyclesegHeisfixingashelfonthewallfixup修理安装强调结果egIfixedthebicycleupfortheboymend修补多指修补磨损穿破撕毁的简单日常用品egLetmemendthesocksforyougiveaway赠送捐赠egIgiveawaythebookstothepoorchildren我把这些书捐赠给了贫穷的孩子们takeafter外貌或行为像egHetakesafterhisfather他像他爸爸brokenadj破损的残缺的egThecupisbrokenvbreakbrokebroken打破弄坏wheeln车轮轮子方向盘behindatthewheeldrivingacar在开车wheelchair轮椅athebigwheelanimportantperson非正式lettern字母信函writelettersto给写信eg请尽快给我写信Missn小姐女士指未婚用于姓或姓名前Mrs夫人用于已婚女士Ms女士用于不确定婚否状况madam女士夫人小姐对女士的尊称用于已婚和未婚多用于服务业中对女顾客的称呼还常用于正式书信的开头不用于姓氏前常单独使用EgCanIhelpyouMadam用于服务场所EgDearMadam用于书信sirn先生伯爵对男士的尊称多用于长者上级或服务业中对男顾客的称呼可用于已婚和未婚常单独使用还用于正式书信的开头对应词madam不用于姓氏前但可以用于名字前如詹姆斯威尔逊伯爵SirJamesSirWilsonsetup建立设立setsetsetegMyfathersetupaschoollastyear我爸爸去年建了所学校EgTheschoolwassetuplastyear这所年校是去年建的disabledadj丧失能力的有残疾的thedisabled残疾人egLetstryourbesttohelpthedisableddisablev丧失能力残疾EgTheaccidentdisabledhimforwork事故使他丧失工作能力EgTheillnessdisabledhimfromplayingfootball疾病使他不能再踢球了ableadj能够的有能力的unable不能的beableunabletodosth能够不能够做某事makeadifference有影响起作用使结果不同EgReadingmakesadifferencetomylife读书对我的生活有很大的影响makeanosomemuchalotofdifferenceEgShallwegoonFridayorSaturday我们星期五去还是星期六去Itmakesnodifferencetome我无所谓blindadj瞎的失明的egHeisblindHeisablindmanegHiseyesareblindblind指双目失明一只眼睛瞎了应说blindinoneeyeblindinthelefteyeegHeisblindintherighteye他右眼失明theblind盲人colorblind色盲引申为视而不见盲目的egLoveissometimesblind爱情有时是盲目的blinddeafdumb盲聋哑deafadj聋的thedeaf聋哑人imaginev想象设想认为imaginenvingwhtodothatwh从句不能接todo做宾语egCanyouimaginelifewithoutcomputersEgIcannotimaginehowtodoitEgCanyouimaginelivewithadrunkEgHowfardoyouimagineitisfromhereimagine后接的宾语从句为特殊疑问句时疑问句不可放在imagine之后要放在句首imaginentobeasnadjegIimaginehimtobeasabigtallmanv我猜想他是个又高又大的人imaginenvingegThelittlegirlsometimesimaginesherselfbecomerich这个小女孩有时想象自己变得很富有EgImagineyourselfsitonthebeachinthesun设想你自己正坐在海滩上晒太阳否定转移主语为第一人称EgIdontimaginehewillhelpus我认为他不会帮助我们EgIimaginehecandothejobcanthe我认为他可以做这个工作他不能吗nimagination想象想象力difficultyn困难难度u难事cegThedisabledhavemanydifficultiesintheirlifeindifficulty处于困境getintodifficulty陷入困境difficultyin在有困难egThereisnodifficultyinfindinghim找到他并不难havedifficultywithsthindoingsth有困难eg我在英语方面有困难eg我在学习英语方面有困难EgPeoplehavedifficultybreathewhengettingtothetopofthemountain人们到达山顶时会呼吸困难adjdifficult困难的advdifficultlywithdifficulty困难地eg他困难地爬上了山openv打开开反close关egOpenClosethedoor打开关上门adjopen开着的反closed关着的egThedoorisopenclosed门是开关着的carryv拿提运送没有方向性EgCanyouhelpmecarrytheboxbring带来带到说话人方向take拿带去带到离说话人远的地方getfetch去取一个来回trainv训练培训n火车trainforegItrainmyselfforarace我正在为长跑比赛而训练trainingn培训训练egjobtraining职业培训excitedadj激动的兴奋的beexcitedaboutsth对感到兴奋EgIamexcitedabouttheholidaybeexcitedaboutdoingsth对做感到兴奋egTheyareexcitedaboutmeetthemoviestarbeexcitedtodosth做某事感到兴奋EgIamexcitedseemyoldfriendexcitingadj令人激动的eganexcitingmovie一场令人兴奋的电影excitev使激动egThetoysexcitedtheboy玩具使男孩很兴奋excitedlyadv激动地excitementn激动兴奋kindnessn仁慈善良EgThankyouforyourkindnesskindadj亲切的善良的cleveradj聪明的聪颖的egHeiscleverbuthisbrotherisclevererthanhimunderstandv理解领会ptppegDoyouunderstandmymeaning你明白我的意思吗understandingadj善解人意的egMyparentsareunderstandingchangevampn变化改变c零钱uegWechangedourplanvt我们改变了计划EgOurplanchangedvi我们的计划改变了egYouneedtochangetrainsatChangchun你需要在长春换车EgIhavenochangewithme我身上没带零钱changefor把换以交换EgHechangedhisbikeforawatch他用自行车换了块表EgHechangeddollarsforpounds他把美金换成了英镑changeinto变为换上衣服egCaterpillarschangeintobutterflies毛毛虫变成了蝴蝶EgHechangedintoanewshirt他换上了一件新衬衫changewith与交换EgWillyouchangeplaceswithme你能和我换下位置吗interestn兴趣关注egWhatareyourinterestsandhobbieshaveshowloseinterestin对有表现出失去兴趣eg他对历史表现出浓厚的兴趣v使感兴趣使关注egHistorydoesnotinterestmeinterestedadj感兴趣的1beinterestedinsbsthdoingsth对感兴趣2beinterestedtodo很有兴趣做某事很想做某事指尚未发生的动作egIamnotinterestedinhistory我对历史不感兴趣EgIwillbeinterestedtohearyouropinion我有兴趣听听你的见解interestingadj有趣的eganinterestinggame一个有趣的游戏八下unit2短语归纳cleanup打扫或清除干净cheerup使振奋起来变得高兴giveout分发散发光热气等handout分发giveaway捐赠赠送setup设立建立comeupwith提出想出carefor喜欢常用于否定句照顾helpout帮助解决困难摆脱困境putup张贴图片布告等举起putoff推迟takeafter外貌或行为像tryout参加选拔试用callup打电话征召fixup修理修补workout解决成功发展makeadifference有影响起作用使结果不同usedto过去曾经经常volunteertodosth自愿做某事besatisfiedwith对感到满意noticesbdodoingsth注意到某人正在做某事raisemoney筹集钱inhospital住院inthehospital在医院里agroupof一群一组makeaplanplans制定计划oneday一天attheageof在岁时atthesametime同时cometrue希望理想等实现atleast至少havedifficultyindoingsth做某事有困难havedifficultywithsth在某方面有困难besimilarto与相似thanksbforsthdoingsth因做某事而感谢某人sendsbsthsendsthtosb寄给某人某物atonce立刻马上beexcitedabout对感到兴奋bestrongin在方面擅长beinterestedin对感兴趣haveshowloseinterestin对有表现出失去兴趣Makeitpossibleforsbtodosth使某人做某事成为可能