虚拟语气知识点讲解与练习.doc

虚拟语气 表示主观愿望和遐想虚拟的情况 一．虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法。 if 引导的条件状语从句分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句 If it doesn`t rain tomorrow,I`ll go.(真实条件句) If I were you, I would go.( 虚拟条件句) 1. 虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的基本结构 虚拟条件句 主句 表示与现在事实相反 did/were should第一人称/would/could/might所有人称+do 表示与过去事实相反 had+done/been should第一人称/would/could/might所有人称+have+done 表示与将来事实相反 should+do were to do did/were should第一人称/would/could/might所有人称+do If I were you ,I would take his advice.如果我是你，我就会采纳他的意见。（与现在事实相反） If I were you ,I shouldn`t be worried.如果我是你，我就不会着急（与现在事实相反） If it had not been for your help,we would not have achieved so much.要不是你的帮助，我们不会取得这么大的成绩。（表示与过去事实相反） If it should rain tomorrow,what would you do?万一明天下雨，你怎么办？= If it were to rain tomorrow,what would you do?= If it rained tomorrow,what would you do?( 表示与将来事实相反) 2.在虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时，可省去if而将were,had,should提到主语前。 Were I you ,I would take his advice. Were I you ,I shouldn`t be worried.. Had it not been for your help,we would not have achieved so much. What would you do should it rain tomorrow? What would you do were it to rain tomorrow? 错综条件句，主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。 If he had listened to me then, he would not be in such trouble now.如果他当时听了我的话，现在就不会遇到麻烦了。 含蓄条件句 ，不是用条件句而是由but for(要不是), without,but,otherwise(否则)if only(如果---就好了) But for /Without the storm,we should have arrived earlier.要不是下暴雨，我们早到了。=If it had not been for the storm,we should have arrived earlier. I would have come yesterday,but I was too busy.我昨天本来是要来的，但是我太忙了。=If I had not been too busy yesterday, I would have come.= I was too busy yesterday, otherwise I would have come. 注意：昨天太忙符合事实所以用was busy If only I had met her earlier！要是早点遇到她该多好！ 二．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 1. wish+宾语从句 1)wish+宾语从句（表示现在从句中用过去式,一般用were不用was） I wish(ed) I were you.我要是你就好了。 I wish(ed) I know the answer. 我要是知道答案就好了(I don`t know the answer) 2）wish+宾语从句（表示过去从句中用过去完成时） I wish(ed) I had known the answer then.我当时要是知道答案就好了。（I didn`t know the answer then） 3) wish+宾语从句（表示将来从句中用过去将来时，情态动词用过去式） I wish(ed) he would/could come next week.他要是下星期来就好了 I wish(ed) I could fly.我要是会飞就好了。 2.insist(坚持让—干--)，suggest，order，demand，require，request，recommend 等+宾语从句（从句中用should+动词原型，should 常可省略） I requested(that) he (should) come an hour earlier.我要求他早一个小时来。 I suggested that we(should)start now.我建议我们现在就开始。 三．虚拟语气在as if/as though ，if only，形式与wish用法相同,即表示现在用过去式，表示过去用过去完成时，表示将来用过去将来时。 They are talking /were talking as if they had been old friends for many years.他们谈着话就像多年的老朋友。 He talks/talked as if/as though he were my father. If only I had met her earlier！要是早点遇到她该多好！（事实是I didn`t meet her earlier.）=I wish I had met her earlier. If only I could be rich!=I wish I could be rich.要是我富有就好了。 If only I were you!=I wish I were you.我要是你就好了！ 注意：1）It looks as if it is going to rain.看来天要下雨。（真要下雨） She looks as if she is going to cry.她看上去似乎要哭了。（真要哭了） 注意：2）He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.他坚持认为他没有做错事。（不能译成坚持让---干—时，该用什么时态就用什么时态） 四．用在名词suggestion,order,demand等后面的表语从句和用位语从句中（从句中用should+动词原型，should 常可省略）或与suggest等词相关的从句中 My suggestion is that we (should)hold a meeting.我的建议是我们应该开个会。 It is suggested that we (should) have a meeting.=Someone suggested( that) we (should) have a meeting.= Someone suggested us /our having a meeting. 五．It is(high) time （that）---，would rather+句子（一般用过去式） It is time (that) we went to bed.=It is time for us to go to bed. He would rather you came on Friday.他比较希望你星期五来。 六．It is necessary/important/suggested/ordered---that---从句中用(should )do/be should可以省略 It is necessary that you (should )be present at the meeting.你有必要参加会议。 ---Don`t you think it necessary that he_______to Miami but to New York? ----I agree, but the problem is_______he has refused to.(2005江苏) A.will not be sent , that B.not be sent , that C.should not be sent , what D.should not send , what 虚拟语气练习 基本题 1.______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they have not 2.______ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 3.If I ______ you, I would not do it. A. am B. were C. shall be D. being 4.It is suggested that the job ______ done in another way. A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be 5.The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free. A. did, set B.had done,should be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set 6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7.I wish I ______ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 8.It is time we ___ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum 9. — He is a very brave man. — Yes. I wish I ______ his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have 10.Without electricity, human life ______ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 11.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ______ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said 12. If his television set had not been stolen yesterday, he ______ TV now. A. would watch B. would have watched C. would be watching D. is watching 13. — We could have walked to the station; it was so near. — Yes. A taxi ______ at all necessary. A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be 14. _________ not busy with my work at the moment, I'd be glad to have a chat with you. A. I were B. Were I C. If I am D. If am I 15. How I wish I ________ in medicine instead of history when I was at college! A. had majored B. should major C. majored D. would major 16. I am not getting on well with my studies. _____ I hadn't wasted so much time playing online games! A. What if B. Even if C. If only D. Only if 17. He didn't get everything ready, otherwise he _______ the job interview the other day. A. would have passed B. had passed C. would pass D. passed 18. But for the help you gave me, I _______ the examinations. A. would have passed B. would pass C. wouldn’t have passed D.wouldn’t pass 19. ---I haven't seen Diana at the party. ---If it were not for the fact that she _____ too busy with her work, I _____ her. A. was; will invite B. should be; would invite C. is; would invite D. had been: will invite 20. ________ adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. A. If we made B. Have we made C. As we made D. Had we made 1----5CBBCB6----10CCBBD11---15DCABA16----20CACCD 高考题 1（2011北京卷,28）——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined. ——I wish they always late. A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been 2.（2011北京卷,30）Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying 3.（2011江苏卷,34）——I left my handbag on