华农自考本科 英语二串讲讲义

英语（二）考试复习建议 为便于同学们更好地进行复习，并在考试中取得好成绩，现将英语（二）的考试题型告之大家，同时介绍一些应试技巧并提出些建议，供同学们参考。 根据英语（二）的要求和自学考试的特点，同时参考自学考试大纲，本次考试设计了六种题型：词汇与结构、阅读理解、完型填空、英译汉选择、单词拼写、短文英译汉。注意题型的变化和各项题量的增减，同学们应主要围绕“大学英语自学教程（下册）”进行复习，同时课文A是重点。本次出题的大致题型及试题构成请看下表： 序号 题型名称 题量 分值 来源 性质 1 词汇与结构 20 20 书内/外 客观题 2 阅读理解 20 40 书外 客观题 3 完型填空 10/20 10 书外 客观题 4 英译汉选择 10 10 书外 客观题 5 单词拼写 10 5 书内 主观题 6 汉译英 1 15 书内/外 主观题 I. 词汇和结构选择填空题(Vocabulary and Structure) 20% 一、题解： 顾名思义，“词汇和结构”，是考查语法结构和词语用法搭配。在本题中，共二十个小题，每题1分。语法题约占一半，它主要考查关联词、介词和代词的应用。此题中也可能有考查动词、形容词和副词的形态变化的内容，以及词义选择方面的内容。 重点是短语搭配。 二、语法部分考试重点： 语法要全面学习重点掌握。不仅要复习下册的语法内容，还要复习（上册）有关语法内容。 重点放在动词和复合句上。 下面将语法分为词法与句法两部分复习 词法：主要考查名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词以及动词的用法： 1． 名词: 主要考查名词的数，主谓一致关系， 集合( 集体 )名词：people , cattle , police army, audience, class, club, committee, council, crew, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, party, public, staff, team等等 不可数名词： advice, information, furniture, proficiency,等等 可数名词的复数：词尾直接加s 例如：book books 将y变i后加es 例如: city cities 在后ss, sh, ch, x 或o后边加es 例如:classes, dishes, watches, taxes volcanoes, 特殊photos, radios, pianos, solos 在f或fe后边 例如:life lives, wife wives, leaf leaves, 元音变化 例如: man men, foot feet , mouse mice 词尾元音变化 例如: analysis analyses, 特殊变化 例如: medium media, child children, 单复同形 例如: deer , sheep, aircraft 形为复数，实为单数 例如: the United States ,the Philippines news, series, physics, ethics, 只有复数形式 例如: pincers , scissors, trousers , compasses 2． 代词：除了引出定语从句的关系代词外，比较重要的是一些不定代词，例如 all, every, each, both, one, none, many, some, any, no, 以及either…or，neither…nor 搭配 ; few, a few , little , a little 的区别；other, another, the other, others , 的区别； other 指另外的人或物；others 泛指别人，可与some 连用；the other 指两个中的另一个，常和one 连用；the others 表示其余所有的人或物；another 则泛指另一个。 例如： Some pupils are reading the text loudly, while other students are doing their homework. Some pupils are reading the text loudly, while others are doing their homework. MS. Green has two beautiful hats. One is red, the other is blue. This suit doesn’t fit me. Would you please show me another one? 还有代词it的用法，它既可以代替具体事物，又可以代替抽象事物，还可表示天气，时间距离等。此外，it还可以作先行词，作形式主语，形式宾语或者引出强调句型。 例如： Coffee delays the body clock in the morning, and advances ____ at night. A. it B. them C the coffee D. the clock 此题中，it 是指代 the body clock 的代词 _________whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. A. What is not yet known B. It is not yet known C. As is not yet known D. This is not yet known 此题中，it 是作形式主语 3． 数词：序数词、分数的表达， 序数词：the first, the second, the third , the forth. ….. 分数：三分之二 ， two thirds ; 四分之三，three fourths ; (three quarters) one hundred ; two hundred (正)， two hundreds (误) ； hundreds of (正) ， two hundreds of （误）； one / two hundred hours, (正) hundreds of hours, (正) 4． 形容词和副词：比较级、最高级的形态变化（规则与不规则），以及比较句式 少数形容词和副词的变化是不规则的： 原级 比较级 最高级 good , wellbetter best bad, badly, ill worse worst many, much more most little less least far farther, further farthest, furthest old  older, elder oldest, eldest farther 与 further 都是far 的比较级和最高级，但是farther 指具体含义的“更远”， further指抽象含义的“更远”，有“进一步”的意思。 elder 与eldest 也是old 的比较级和最高级，主要表示兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 比较结构的句式如下： 1). … as + 形容词、副词原级+ as … 例如： The tree is as tall as the building. He is not as busy as before. 他不像以前那样忙。 2) … as + 形容词+(a)+ 名词+ as … 例如： We’ll give you as much help as we can. He wants to be as great a scientist as Newton. 3) 表示倍数 ： 倍数+ as + 原级+ as Fresh fruit costs twice as much as canned fruit. 新鲜水果的价钱比罐头水果贵一倍。 4) … not as /so + 原级+ as … 例如： I’m not so experienced as you think. I haven’t made as much progress as I should. 我没有取得应有的进步。 I don’t sing popular songs half so well as you. 我唱流行歌曲还没有你一半好。 5) 比较级+than 例如： This bed is more comfortable than the other. 这张床比那张要舒服。 注意： 比较级前可加表示程度的状语，如：a little, a bit, slightly, a lot, by far, somewhat等。 例如：This room is far/ much cooler than that one. 这间屋子比那间要凉快得多。 6) the +形容词比较级… ，the +形容词比较级 表示越…就越 … 例如： Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels. 事实上，他越忙越高兴。 According to Dr. Morton, _______ people who appear in your dreams, ______ you are on awakening. A. as many … as happy B. the more … the more happy C. the more … the happier D. the most … the happiest 5． 介词： 主要掌握介词与某些其他词的固定搭配关系，考前要重点复习上册第12单元和下册第7单元的语法讲解和语法练习，书后所附的词组表也是复习的重点。常考的介词搭配如：as to , as for , substitute for , lay aside , in terms of , ; result in , result from , as a result of , be concerned about / be concerned for , rely on , live on , lie in , consist of , be satisfied with , look up , in addition to , regardless of , despite, in spite of , contribute to , at least ,in accordance with , in line with , except , except for , due to , owing to , vary from …to , attach to , be irrelevant to , distinguish …from , 等等。 6． 动词：主要考查五点：动词的时态、被动语态、虚拟语气和非谓语动词及情态动词。 1）动词时态 :动词的某种形式，它随动作的时间而发生变化。考前要复习上册第6单元语法和练习。 His name will be crossed out from the list ______ he makes the same mistakes again. A. if B. unless C. because D. though 2）被动语态.：表示主语和谓语之间的关系。 构成 be + 过去分词 Rainforests_________ from Brazil to Indonesia. A．burn B. are being burned C. burning D. are burning 3）虚拟语气 Had he not taken your advice, _________. A. he would make a bad mistake B. would he have made a bad mistake C. he would have made a bad mistake D. he had made a bad mistake If we _______ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow. A. hadn’t got B. didn’t get C. wouldn’t have got D. wouldn’t get 4）情态动词+ have done 的形式。 Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man’s bed; he _____ heavily. A. must have drunk B. must drink C. should drink D. had to drink 5）非谓语动词（不定式，动名词，分词）着重复习上册第8，9，10单元语法及练习。 “My girl-friend is in a bad mood.” “Why _____ her some flowers?” A. not give B. not giving C. do you not give D. not to give We become used to ______ blood on the news on TV. A. have seen B. seen C. seeing D. see _______ ，they began to get down to business. A. The holidays are over B. The holidays were over C. The holidays being over D. The holidays had been over 句法：重点是各种从句以及倒装句、强调句的用法。考前要重点复习上册第15、16、17、19、20单元的语法讲解例句和语法练习。 主从复合句 1） 主语从句：what, that 区别; that无词义., what … 的东西，...事物，所做的…， 所说的… 例如：It is becoming increasingly clear to policy-makers _______ schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community. A. that B. what C. when D. who What they are after is profit . 他们追求的是利润。 A .What B. That C When D Who 2）同位语从句：注意一般由that 引导，先行词经常为idea, doubt , thought , fact, belief等。 There is no doubt _____ a large number of people have benefited from heart surgery. A. what B. of C. if D. that On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order _______ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices. A. which B. what C. that D. in that Such attitudes amount to a belief ____ leisure can and should be put to good use. A. which B. if C. whether D. that 3）定语从句：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；that , which的区别;介词+ which 的用法。 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space ____which matter has fallen and _____ which nothing can escape. A. towards … towards B. into … from C. out of … from D. through … through As 引导的定语从句 Such people ______ you describe are rare nowadays. A. as B. that C. who D. which 4)状语从句：引导各种从句的关联词。主要是条件状语从句，让步状语从句，结果状语从句，原因状语从句。 In that 的用法： Robots differ from automatic machines in _____ after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed to do another one. A. which B. that C. how D. whether His name will be crossed out from the list _____ he makes the same mistakes again. A. if B. unless C. because D. though 倒装句：倒装句的几种形式 ______ when John came to see him. A. No sooner had he begun to work. B. He had scarcely begun to work C. Hardly had he begun to work. D. Just as he began to work 强调句：注意强调句的句型。 It was there, the police believe, _______ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag. A. until B. which C. that D. when 三．词汇学习要注意用法和固定搭配，特别是各类词与介词的搭配。另外，近义词、形近词的区别。动词与不同介词构成的动词短语的区别也是考试的重点。 At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help _____ domestic workers from abuse by their employers. A. protect B. suspect C. expect D. inspect The specific use of leisure ______ from individual to individual. A. ranges B. distinguishes C. varies D. covers ______ yourself to the job in hand, and you’ll soon finish it. A. Reply B. Imply C. Apply D. Supply I can’t ______ the meaning of this poem because it’s too vague. A. turn out B. put out C. figure out D. look out II．阅读理解题 (Reading Comprehension) 40% 一、题解 阅读理解题由四篇短文构成。每篇短文的平均长度，为300词左右，其难度相当于教材中间部分的课文，共20个小题,每小题2分，共40分。这部分在全卷中分值最大，内容多变，生词较多。阅读理解题的短文既不是纯文学的，也不是纯科技性的，而是一般性的社会、文化、经济、．科普和日常生活方面的内容。对大多数考生来说，在专业上没有不能理解的内容，但在语言上存在一定的难度。只有平时多读多练，勤学苦练，提高阅读速度，才能取得好成绩。此部分较为重要、分值较大，成绩的好坏主要取决于考生平时阅读量的多少。另外一定要注意做此部分的题目的速度，千万不要耽搁时间太多。 阅读理解题主要测试目的： 1.把握文章主题思想和大意的能力； 2 对文章中的重要情节和主要事实的理解程度； 3 对文章的格调、作者的观点态度等的推理判断能力； 4 文章中某个词或短语的意思。 5 句子中表达的各个内容之间的关系。 二、应试技巧 1．两种方法 方法一：先看文章后做题。主要针对简单易懂的文章，时间又较充裕的情况。 方法二：先看题目后读文章再做题。这种方法在时间紧、文章长的情况下更为实用。，这样可以带着问题去阅读，文章中的内容与考题有关系时仔细阅读，与题目无关时，可以置之不理，很快跳过去。还有一些题目涉及一般常识或科普知识，可以在未阅读文章之前自己先行判断，在阅读时只要对自己的判断进行验证就可以了。 2．三个侧重 除了题目本身所要求查找的细节外，阅读时一定要注意不要逐字逐句地死抠，而要有所侧重。 1) 侧重首段、尾段，首句、尾句、 因为这些部分往往是作者所要谈及的论点、主题或中心思想，抓住了主干，那么细节问题就会迎刃而解。 2）侧重语篇标志词。 语篇标志词。语篇中句子和句子之间、段落和段落之间就是通过这种词语连接起来的，把握住这些词语就等于把握了句与句、段与段之间的关系，对于获取所需信息、准确答题至关重要。语篇标志词主要表示： （1）例解: 如，for instance , for example, （2）列举(3)比较；(4) 转折和对比；(5)原因；(6) 结果；(7) 方式手段；(8) 时间；(9)地点；(10) 目的；（11）分类；（12）补充；（13）强调；（14）条件；（15）结论。 3）侧重长句、难句。 较长的句子表达的思想内容复杂，所以，我们在阅读时，必须重视长句、难句，认真分析句子，把握关键。事实上，不少问题就是针对这些长句、难句而设置的。 3．阅读理解题的题型。 1) 主旨题： 这类问题主要测试考生把握主题与中心思想的能力。主要形式有： a. The main idea of this passage is ________. b. The passage mainly discusses ____________. c. What is the passage primarily concerned about? d. What is the main topic of this passage? e. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? f. The best title for this passage might be _________. 作者的态度、写作目的与主题和中心思想关系密切，可以看作主旨题的延伸。主要形式有： 问写作