英语毕业论文 奥巴马演讲策略.doc

Xx学院2011届本科生毕业论文IObamasSpeechMakingStrategiesABSTRACTOneofthereasonsBarackHusseinObamawonhispresidentialelectionoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaisthatheknowshowtodeliverapowerfulspeechIn2004whenalittleknownsenatorfromIllinoisgavethekeynotespeechattheDemocraticNationalConventionhestarteditallThatsenatorwasObamaItwasaremarkablespeechpoeticandinspiringThepeoplewhohearditwouldrememberitforalongtimeThispaperattemptstoanalyzethesignificantrolesthatethicalappeallanguageappealandgesturalappealplayinEnglishspeechesThesethreeappealsservetoachievetheultimategoalofstrengtheningthepersuasiveforceofthespeakerswhoaimtoinformandpersuadeThesampledatahasbeencollectedfromsomekeynotespeechesofPresidentBarackObamaandsomepersonalexperiencethattheauthorhashadbytakingpartinsomecompetitionsandpublicpresentationsThesampleanalysestestifytotheconclusionthatethicalappeallanguageappealandgesturalappealareveryimportantpartsforasuccessfulpublicspeakingifusedprobablyandcreativelytheycanhelpestablishthecredibilityofthespeakerarousethedesiredemotionsintheaudienceandgetthemaroundtoacceptingthespeakerswayofreasoningandeventuallyresonatethespeakerwiththeaudienceThispaperhasthepracticalpurposeofofferingsomeguidanceintheoryandpracticetostudentsinterestedinpublicspeakinganimportantskillinmodernsocietyKeywordsObamaappealspeechpublicspeakingbodylangugeXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文II奥巴马演讲策略摘要巴拉克奥巴马能成为当今美国总统其中一个重要因素是他卓越的演讲策略在2004年美国民主党全国代表大会上一位鲜为人知的伊利诺斯州的参议员发表了一篇富有激情振奋人心的演讲为他铺垫了成功的道路他就是巴拉克奥巴马当场所有的人无不为之鼓舞喝彩这篇论文主要借助美国现任总统巴拉克奥巴马的演讲案例来分析人格魅力语言魅力和手势这三种魅力在英语演讲中所扮演的重要角色这三者是每篇优秀演讲能最终用以打动和感染观众所必备的因素本文主要是收集奥巴马一些主要的演讲并结合作者亲身经历的一些演讲比赛经验和公共演讲的心得体会做题材所有的阐述都为表明人格魅力语言魅力和肢体语言的表达是成功演讲的重要因素三者的巧妙结合可以使演讲者与观众建立一种互相的信任并能引起观众的强烈共鸣通过本文能使广大演讲爱好者和读者得到理论和实际的引导帮助众多学生克服公共演讲中所遇到的困难使我们掌握现代社会中这项必备的技能关键词奥巴马魅力演讲稿公共演讲肢体语言Xx学院2011届本科生毕业论文IIICONTENTS摘要Xx学院2011届本科生毕业论文IVXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文1ItisneverinappropriatetosaythatoneofthereasonsObamabeathisrivalsandwonhispresidentialelectionwasgivingwonderfulspeechestohisaudienceIthaslongbeenawellknownconceptthatpublicspeakingisoneofthemostimportantskillsthatleadstosuccessinapersonscareerThatiswhythewesterncountriesadoptspeechmakingastheelectoralsystemofleadersofthegovernmentconsiderthechanceofanAfricanAmericanbecomingthepresidentoftheUnitedStatesThekeynoteaddressofPresidentBarackObamainthe2004DemocraticNationalConventionwhichhasbeenhighlypraisedanddrawnbyexpertsforeducationalpurposemadehimapopularfigureworldwideThespeechwhichhasbeenwidelyacclaimedasthespeechthatstarteditallatthe2004DemocraticNationalConventionshowshowMrObamaexertshisextraordinaryspeechmakingstrategiestoimpresshisaudiencehisimageandbodylanguagetocreatestrongfirstimpressionshisfascinatingvoiceandintonationtoconveyideashisemployingwordsthatresonateforearningtrustandconfidencefrompeopleObamadeliversspeechestoaudienceslargeandsmallHecanmakehisaudiencelaughorcryHisspeechesarealwaysthoughtfulwellwrittenandjustappropriateforeachoccasionManypeoplesaythathehassomeonewhowritesspeechesforhimAstheauthorseesithoweveritisevenmoreamazingwhenpeoplecanmakesomeoneelsesspeechsoundliketheywriteitthemselvesThesameistrueofObamaThewayhedelivershisspeechesmakespeoplebelievethathemeanseverywordthatcomesoutfromhismouthXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文2NomatterwhatcareerpeoplechoosehavingapowerfulcommandofthepublicspeakingwillgreatlyincreasetheiroddsofsuccessHereletstakealookatacurrentsurveyreleasedonOctober22006byTheConferenceBoardCorporateVoicesforWorkingFamiliesPartnershipfor21stCenturySkillsandtheSocietyforHumanResourceManagementgroupsWhatappliedskillsandbasicknowledgearemostessentialskillforthoseyouwillhirewithafouryearcollegediplomaNinetyfivepointfourpersentofthegrouplistedoralcommunicationasthemostvitalabilityforthemtohireafouryearcollegegraduateWhatcanbelearnedhereisthatcommunicationabilityplaysamoresignificantrolethananyoftheotherimportantabilitiesforpeopletogainajobIthasbeenwidelyacknowledgedthatgreatattentionshouldbepaidtoapersonsappearancewhengivingaspeechbutthemannerwhichthespeakerperformsisalsoimportantWhilewemaynotrealizeitotherswilljudgeusbythewaywespeakEvenifapersonisdressednicelypoorcommunicationperformancewillshowthathesmonkeyinmansclothingTheymightlookniceontheoutsidebuttheyrenotsocleverontheinsideTosucceedaspeakermustfocusonhisappearanceaswellashismannerofspeakingMostpeopleunderestimatetheimportanceofmasteringspeakingskillstheymightthinkthateffectivepublicspeakingissomethingthatonlypeoplelikePresidentBarackObamacanmasterbutthatsnottrueThemostsuccessfulpeoplehavelearnedtheartofgoodpersuasivespeechandhaveworkedatperfectingtheirpresentationskillsTheyvelearnedthetrueartofspeakinginfrontofaliveaudienceSpeakinginfrontofanaudienceandfeelingcomfortabledoesntalwayscomenaturallySuccessfulpeopleusetriedandtruetechniquesthathelpthemcaptureattentionandcommandtheiraudienceThatiswhatmakestheirspeechesmemorableenoughtobringOralCommunication954Collaboration944ProfessionalWorkEthic938WrittenCommunication931CriticalThinkingProblemSolving931Xx学院2011届本科生毕业论文3themsuccessHoweveronlyhavingabasicknowledgeofEnglishwillnotopencareerdoorsIfaspeakerspeaksonlyanaveragelevelofEnglishpeoplewillthinkhesaverageIfhespeaksinamannerthatiseloquentthiswillcreateapowerfulimpressionSomeprofessorsarguethatvocabularygoeswiththeoddsofsuccessfulTheauthorholdsdifferentopinionagainstthatNoonelikesitwhensomeguyisactinglikeascholarsayingsomethingthatcommonpeoplebarelyunderstandObamausessimplewordsinhisspeechessoastomakewhathespeaksclosetotheaudienceandarousedtheirresonanceMostpeopleareblessedwithObamascompellingoratoricalskillsandhismotivationalabilitiesHundredsofreportsmagazinesandbookswerepublishedpraisinghisamazingspeechmakingskillsandhighprofilemannersonthelecternAlthoughwecantsayObamawonhispresidentialsuccessonlybygivingwonderfulspeecheswecansaythatthepowerofpublicspeakingisofgreatsignificancetoapersonssuccessXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文4ObamaseducationalexperienceduringhisschoolingyearscontributedtohisspeakingskillformingAlawyerisoneofthemosteloquentpeopleintheworldObamawenttolawschoolandhewastheprofessorwhotaughtlawinUniversityObamashowedgreatleadershipevenwhenhewasastudentincollegefromtheeditortothepresidentofagroupTheauthorbelievesthatnoonejustturnsintoagreatmanbecauseofonesingleeventhedoesFollowinghighschoolin1979ObamamovedtoLosAngelestoattendOccidentalCollegeInFebruary1981hemadehisfirstpublicspeechcallingforOccidentalsdivestmentfromSouthAfricaLaterin1981hetransferredtoColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCitywherehemajoredinpoliticalsciencewithaspecialtyininternationalrelationsandgraduatedwithaBAin1983HeworkedforayearattheBusinessInternationalCorporationthenattheNewYorkPublicInterestResearchGroupInlate1988ObamaenteredHarvardLawSchoolHewasselectedasaneditoroftheHarvardLawReviewattheendofhisfirstyearandpresidentofthejournalinhissecondyearDuringhissummershereturnedtoChicagowhereheworkedasasummerassociateatthelawfirmsofSidleyAustinin1989andHopkinsampSutterin1990AlltheeventsseemedliketoconnectwithpublicandspeakingHismajoringinpoliticsandinternationalrelationstrainedhimapoliticianandmadehiswaytobecomeleaderofagroupEducationalexperienceisundoubtlyoneofthefactorsthatcontributedthemosttohiseloquentspeakingskillsOccidentalCollegeisaselectiveprivatecoeducationalliberalartcollegelocatedintheEagleRockneighborhoodofLogAngelesCaliforniafoundedin1887DisinvestmentordivestmentfromSouthAfricawasfirstadvocatedinthe1960sinprotestofSouthAfricassystemofApartheidbutwasnotimplementedonasignificantscaleuntilthemid1980sSidleyAustinLLPformerlyknownasSidleyAustinBrownampWoodLLPisoneoftheoldestlawfirmsintheworldHopkinsampSutterwasaChicagobasedLawFirmthatpracticedfrom1921to2000Xx学院2011届本科生毕业论文5WehearalotspecificstoriesinObamasspeechestheyoungmannamedShamusattheVFWHallinEastMolineIllinoistheworkersinGalesburgIllinoiswhoarelosingtheirunionjobsattheMaytagplantthatsmovingtoMexicothefatherwhowaslosinghisjobandchokingbacktearswonderinghowhewouldpay4500amonthforthedrugshissonneedstheyoungwomaninEastStLouisandthousandsmorelikeherwhohasthegradeshasthedrivehasthewillbutdoesnthavethemoneytogotocollegethepeoplehemetinsmalltownsandbigcitiesindinersandofficeparksPresidentObamaknowshispeoplemorethananyofhiscompetitorsHeshowedpeoplethathecaredDuringhislifetimehesbeendoingalotcommunityjobstoworkforthepoorandlowincomecitizensThereforeheknewthosepeopleandhedidcareThismadehimasympathizerforthecommonpeopleandahumblepersonhimselfWhatsmoreheshowedgreatleadershipbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStatesTwoyearsaftergraduatingObamawashiredinChicagoasdirectoroftheDevelopingCommunitiesProjectDCPHeworkedthereasacommunityorganizerfromJune1985toMay1988ObamaisfrequentlyreferredtoasanexceptionaloratorDuringhispreinaugurationtransitionperiodandcontinuingintohispresidencyObamahasdeliveredaseriesofweeklyInternetvideoaddressesOnOctober92009theNorwegianNobelCommitteeannouncedthatObamahadwonthe2009NobelPeacePrizeforhisextraordinaryeffortstostrengtheninternationaldiplomacyandcooperationbetweenpeoplesObamaacceptedthisawardinOsloNorwayonDecember102009withdeepgratitudeandgreathumilityTosumupbeforebecomingpresidentObamawasalawyeracollegeprofessorandasuccessfulwriterhistwomemoirshavebecomebestsellersTheskillsheneededtosucceedinhispreviousjobshavealsocontributedtohissuccessasaspeechmakerAsalawyerObamalearnedhowtomakestrongconvincingargumentsAsaprofessorhelearnedhowtoexplaincomplexsubjectsinwaysthathelpedstudentsunderstandwithoutboringthemAsawriterhelearnedhowtouselanguagetohaveapowerfulimpactonhisaudienceObamadoesntgoanywherewithouthisteleprompterAsasympathizerhecaredwhatotherscaredHispersonalappealformedthroughthecommunityandthesympathyforcommonpeoplePeoplecanseehisconcernforthemthroughhiseyesBenevolenceisthemostapparentethicappealtheauthorknowsaboutpresidentObamaThatsthemostimportantethicaleaderofacountryshouldhaveXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文6PeoplecanfeelhisloveforthosewhoaresufferingandhispassiontoworkforabrighterfutureforhispeopleXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文7In2004PresidentPresidentBarackObamaalittleknownsenatorfromIllinoisdeliveredhiskeynoteaddressthatrockedtheworldWhatisPresidentBarackObamadoingWhatcommunicationpracticeshaveenabledhimtomoverapidlyfromobscurityovercomingchallengesthatcouldhavethwartedanothercandidatehisracehisyouthhisexoticnametobecomeoneofthemostimportantfiguresintheDemocraticPartyWhatoratoryskillsaccountforhisabilitytobringsuchdisparatesegmentsofsocietytogethertranscendingraceenergizingmillennialandinspiringnewcomersyoungandoldtoparticipateintheelectoralprocessHowdoesObamamanagetobreakdownsomanybarriersHowdoesheconnectsowellwithlistenersmovingthemonbothanemotionalandintellectuallevelashetranslateshisvisionintotheimpulsetoactWhatcanleadersinallarenasbusinesspoliticslawnonprofitandacademialearnfromhimHereasentencewasquotedfromoneofthefamousbooksthatwritingaboutObamaafterhissuccessSayItLikeObamabyShellyLeanneAbsolutelymasterfulHesamasterofthecraftThosewordshavedescribedtheoratoricalstrengthofBarackObamawhotookthestageatthe2004DemocraticNationalConventionandelectrifiedAmericawitharousingkeynoteaddressHistwentyminutespeechlessthan2300wordscapturedtheimaginationsofAmericansandgarneredpraisefromaroundtheworldObamasuccessfullydrovehispointshomefusedthebestofrhetoricandsubstancefocusedonapowerfulmessageanddelivereditwithgreateffectivenessHiswordsandvisioninspiredmillionsofviewersThemediainstantlydubbedObamaaRisingStarandthestirringkeynotedeliverygreatlyacceleratedthetrajectoryofhiscareertransforminghimovernightintoadistinguishednationalpoliticalfigureObamawentontosuccessfullybuildoneofthemostdiversepoliticalmovementsinAmericanhistoryshatteringhistoricbarriersandbecomingthepresumptive2008DemocraticpresidentialnomineeHencewefocuseonthecommunicativepowerofPresidentBarackObamaandthepracticesandtechniquesthathaveenabledhimtotakehisplaceasoneofthemostnotableoratorofrecenttimesEvenoverseasObamastalentsandvisionhavegeneratedexcitementInJune2008TheTimesreportedthatEuropeansaredeeplyattractedtoObamasmixtureofMartinLutherKingandJohnFKennedyXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文8TherehavebeenotherleaderswithimpressivepersonalstoriesTherehavealsobeenXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文9otherleaderswhohavespokenwordsofunitygoodwillandhopeWhatmakesObamasocompellingWhydoeshismessageresonatesopowerfullyWhatisitthathashelpedBarackObamaelicitreactionssuchasHiswordsmovedmeandHeunderstandsHisspeechesarefarfrommererecitationshehasdemonstratedaremarkableabilitytoconnectwithlistenersThekeyhasbeenhistalentforknowinghisaudienceandidentifyingtheissuestheymostcareaboutObamasexemplaryuseofnonverbalstrategieslanguageaswellashisabilitytolayermeaningbeneathhiswordsworkstogetherforstrikingresultsexploringObamasexceptionalskillinusingorationtounifydisparategroupsHisforthrightnessinacknowledginghisunconventionalbackgroundcombinedwithhisskillinprojectingthisbackgroundasquintessentiallyAmericanandhisabilitytoestablishcommongroundareassetswhichcanhelpthosewholackofconfidenceinthemselveswhenfacingstrongcompetitorsReinforcingthisObamasabilitytoemploywordsthatresonatehashelpedhimbuildbridgesdrawingoutwhatbringspeopletogetherratherthanwhatsetsthemapartInthespeechweseehowObamausedsimplewordstotalkbluntlyabouthishumblefamilybackgroundHowhetoldpeoplethathisfatherwasbornandraisedinasmallvillageinKenyaherdinggoatswenttoschoolinatinroofshackhisgrandfatherwasacookadomesticservanttotheBritishHeknowsthathisstoryisamongoneofthemanystoriesofhisaudienceHeseemedtospeakthelifenotjustofhimselfbutalsomostoftheAmericansThisconsciouslybroughtclosertherelationshipbetweenhimandhisaudienceItisakeynotefactorforaspeakerknowinghowtoconnecthimselfwiththeaudienceNoonewouldbeimpressedbysomeonetalkingaboutsomethingthatneverreachedhislifeItisveryimportantforaspeakertoearntrustandconfidencefromtheiraudienceObmassuccessillustratestheimportanceofthecontentthatyouwriteinyourspeechWewontbelievesomevainwordsthatmeannothingeventhoughtheyaredeliveredbysomeeloquentspeakerwithgreatpowerItwillrousecontraryeffectParallelconstructionorrepetitionisthemostcommonlyusedrhetoricaldeviceinspeechesandinimportantarticlesThoughtwecantbemorefamiliarwithparallelismhereitisstillnecessaryforustotakeanotherlookatthedefinitionofparallelstructureSentenceelementsthatarealikeinfunctionshouldalsobealikeinconstructionTheseelementsshouldbeinthesamegrammaticalformsothattheyareXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文10parallelBasicallytheideaofparallelstructureissimplethestructureofonepartofasentenceshouldmatchthestructureoftheothersIfMartinLutherKingJrdidntuseparallelstructuresoeffectivelyinhisspeecheswouldwestillrememberhimtodayParallelelementsattractattentionItislikeputtingaspotlightonasentenceoraseriesofsentencesTheintentionalrepetitionsticksinthemindsofreadersorlistenersaidingrecalllaterInshortparallelismhelpsthewritermakeaportionofhisorherworkstandoutfromtherestofthepagePublicspeakersfrequentlyuseparallelismbecauseitsrhythmicqualitiesgreatlyaffectlistenersPresidentBarackObamaisamasterofparallelismConsiderthefollowingexamplestakenfromrecentspeechesAmericatonightifyoufeelthesameenergythatIdoIfyoufeelthesameurgencythatIdoIfyoufeelthesamepassionthatIdoIfyoufeelthesamehopefulnessthatIdoIfwedowhatwemustdoThenIhavenodoubtthatallacrossthecountryFromFloridatoOregonFromWashingtontoMainethepeoplewillriseupinNovemberAndJohnKerrywillbesworninaspresidentAndJohnEdwardswillbesworninasvicepresidentAndthiscountrywillreclaimitspromiseAndoutofthislongpoliticaldarknessabrighterdaywillcomeTheclimaxreacheditspeakwhenObamasaidthosewordsWheneverherepeatedthosewordsandsentencestheaudienceapplaudedpassionfueledtheirbodyandtearsfilledtheireyesAnotherpowerfulexampleishisremarkinNashuaNH2008ButintheunlikelystorythatisAmericaTherehasneverbeenanythingfalseabouthopeForwhenwehavefaceddownimpossibleoddswhenwevebeentoldthatwerenotreadyorthatweshouldnttryorthatwecantgenerationsofAmericanshaverespondedwithasimplecreedthatsumsupthespiritofapeopleYeswecanItwasacreedwrittenintothefoundingdocumentsthatdeclaredthedestinyofanationYeswecanItwaswhisperedbyslavesandabolitionistsastheyblazedatrailtowardfreedomXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文11throughthedarkestofnightsYeswecanItwassungbyimmigrantsastheystruckoutfromdistantshoresandpioneerswhopushedwestwardagainstanunforgivingwildernessYeswecanItwasthecallofworkerswhoorganizedwomenwhoreachedfortheballotaPresidentwhochosethemoonasournewfrontierandaKingwhotookustothemountaintopandpointedthewaytothePromisedLandYeswecantojusticeandequalityYeswecantoopportunityandprosperityYeswecanhealthisnationYeswecanrepairthisworldYeswecanHereitremindsmeofafamoussayingIfyoutellalieandkeeprepeatingitpeoplewillbelieveyouThisexplainstheenormouspowerofrepetitionespeciallywhenaspeakerwantshisaudiencetobelievehimandsupporthimThoughmanythingspeoplestateinthespeechisjustbraggingbutbragitmorethanthreetimespeoplebelieveIfyoucanbragitlikeObamacandopeoplewillfollowyouandcanapplaudforyouListeningtothespeechontheradiowewouldgetamuchgreatersenseofObamahimselfhisrhythmandpacingashedeliveredhiswordsandafeelingforwhathefeltwasimportantthroughhistoneofvoiceWatchinghimspeakonTVwewouldnotonlygethisideasandtheemphasisheplacesondifferentaspectsofhistalkbutwewouldalsoseehisstaturehisbodylanguagethecalmandreassuringdemeanorHeknowshowtodrawonanimpressiverangeofrhetoricandutilizestechniquessuchasrepetitionbackwardloopsandsymbolismtomakehispronouncementsinfluentialandenduringObamaknowsitisntenoughtoformavisionorsetgoalssuccessrequiresabilitytoarticulatevisionandgoalsinahighlycompellingmannerInaccountingforObamasoratoricalstrengthsubstancecannotbedivorcedfromstyleofdeliveryThereareseveralpointswecanconcludethatObamastickstowhendelivershisspeechesLearnfromthewayshedeliversaspeechcanhelpusimproveourspeechmakingstrategiesinthesametimetobuildupourpersonalappealBeauthenticThehallmarkofaleaderistheirabilitytoconnecttotheirfollowersBarackObamaismasterfulinhisabilitytocomeacrossasbeingveryrealandXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文12empatheticFromthetoneofhisvoicetohisbodylanguagetohisrhetorichedemonstratesaveryauthenticandengagingstyleInthisageofmanyleaderswhodontwalkthetalkObamareflectsaparticularlygenuinestyleInspireObamaisabeaconofhopeinaworldwheremanypeopleareconfusedThebestleadershavethisabilitytoshowtheirfollowersaclearmountaintopandthengalvanizethematanemotionallevelsotheywalktowardsitObamahasthisabilityandinspireshisfollowerstoreachforthebestwithinthemandthenjoinhiminthebuildingofabetterworldKeepitsimpleObamacommunicateseloquentlypowerfullyandpassionatelywithoutevergettingtrickyHiswordsarenotofthehighbrowcomplicatedintellectualvarietyInsteadofimpressingheismorefocusedonconveyingcommunicatingandparadoxicallybecomesseenasimpressiveSimplewordssimplephrasessimplemessageeasilyunderstoodandcalmlyconveyedMaintainrhythmObamaspeaksataneventempoandmeasuredpaceHehasasmoothrhythmallowingthewordstoflowSomespeakerscanseemtobeinarushtofinishandwilloftenbecometonguetiedcreatingunwantedtensionPacingthemessageAllowhimselftopauseitletsthemessagesinkinandgivestheaudiencetimetosavourwhathasgonetheycanandoftenwillapplaudBepositiveObamausespositivepowerfulwordsinallhismessagesThisisexemplifiedinhisYesWeCanYouTubevideoviewedbymorethan22millionpeopleHeencouragesthecrowdtobelieveinchangeandnottobefearfulofitHepromotesopportunityandprosperitythroughphraseslikehealingthenationandrepairingthisworldHeempowerstheaudiencewiththemantraYeswecanRespectthelistenerBarackObamapraisesandrespectshisaudienceandmakesthemunderstandthatHecannotchangehistorybutWecanHebuildshopeintheheartsofthenationbyreinforcingandupliftingthehumanspiritandinsiststhatunitingasoneistheultimateanswertobringaboutchangethatworksShowcredibilityWhenObamaspeaksitseemsasifheisdoingsowithoutascriptandfromtheheartItislikelythateverywordleavinghismouthwasstrategicpracticedanddeliberateandyeteverythinghesaidwasbelievableHiscommunicationofhisvisionwasclearheseemedknowledgeableandhisopinionswerebackedbyverifiablefactsandfiguresRemainhumbleBarackObamashumilityshowsupinhiseagernesstoembraceothersviewpointsHeactivelyseekscounselfromothersanddoesnttrytopretendheknowseverythingHeisopentonewviewpointsLooktothefutureObamalookstothefuturenotwiththeideaofpredictingorXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文13controllingitbutwiththegoalofunderstandingitandpreparingforitAsIcantstateaswellasanyexpertsthatcanstatehereIwouldliketoapplythestatementsthatShellyLeannewroteinherbookSayItlikeObamaBarackObamawalksontothestagewithabriskpurposefulconfidentgaitHemakesimmediatevisualcontactwiththeaudienceclappinghishandsalongwiththemthefirstsignsofconnectionHestretcheshisarmtowardtheaudienceinanopenpalmedwaveandthengreetsDurbinwithawarmembracethatsignifiesthedeeprespectofdearfriendsWithapplausestillringingObamamakeshiswaytothelecternplantinghisfeetfirmlyandshoulderssquaredHetoucheseachhandtothelecternpossessingitapostureofconfidenceandauthorityWithchinliftedhebowseversoslightlytotheaudiencehisgestureofappreciationandgratitudeAstheapplausecontinuesObamafoldshishandsneatlyonthelecternandsmileshumblyseemingtogainstrengthfromthecrowdsenthusiasmAstheapplausesubsidesObamathanksSenatorDurbinHetakesinabreathandtheresonantbaritoneofhisvoicerollsashebeginshis2004DemocraticNationalConventionkeynoteaddressThereasonthispassageisquotedisbecauseitisofgreatsignificanceforustolearnhowtocreateourfirstimpressiontomaketheaudiencelikeyouthemomentyoushowuponthestageToooftenwevebeentoldthatweshouldbeconfidentandactlikeyouwerethewinnerwhenyoureachthestagebutwedidntknowhumilityalsoleavesgreatimpressionWeshouldbeconfidentbutalsoshowrespecttotheaudienceMostofthetimewhenstandingonthestagewefocusmoreonourselvesandourspeechratherthantheaudiencewhoplaysthemostimportantroleinoursuccessObamainvolveshimselfwiththeaudiencebyclappinghispalmsbeforehearrivesatthelecternwhichshowshisappreciationfortheaudienceandalsomeansheisapplaudingforhisaudiencetoshowanequalidentitybetweenhimandhislistenersItslikehessayingtonightisalsoyourimportantnightthankyouforbeinghereHowdoesoneemphasizehisorherwordsbyusinggesturesHowdopeopleexpressdifferentfeelingsbymovingtheirhandsorfingersHowcanaspeakermakehisaudiencefeelthesamepassionthatheorherfeelsHowisbodylanguagemadetogowiththespokencontentandappearnaturalAllthatObamadoesisaperfectlyexecutedperformancelinkinghisspeakingwithactionsThefollowingisasummaryofwhatcanbelearntfromBarackObamaforXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文14performingcorrectbodylanguagetomakeyourdeliverymorepowerfulHereachesouttotheaudiencewithopenhandsconveyinghisgratitudewhenreceivesapplauseHeplaceshishandoverhisheartHisintonationunderscorestheironyofthecircumstanceswhenmentioningbadthingsHepinchesthefingersofhisrighthandunderscoringhispointHestretcheshispalmsupwardsasifmeasuringtheenormityofthedreamswhentalkingaboutambitionsHegestureswithahandoffinadirectionindicatingfarfarawayHeflashesabrightsmiletowardthepartofthecrowdthatcheersHishandextendedtotheaudiencesignifyingsharedaweinalltheUnitedStateshastogiveHetoucheshishandoverhishearttoshowhebelievesorthatheisthankfulforthatHesignifiesthesoundofaknockonthedoorbyholdinghisfisttoknockonanimaginarydoorHeliftsaverticalpalmtotheaudienceasifhaltingtheverynotionHepointshisindexfingerintheairsignifyingtheimportanceofsomepointsInthedeliveryofhis2004keynoteaddressBarackObamademonstratedoutstandinguseofbodylanguageHisconfidentgaitsquaredshouldersandcommandingstancereachedouttotheaudiencesetthetoneandopenedapositivedialoguewiththeviewingpublicInshortObamacreatedaverystrongfirstimpressionObamacameacrossasauthoritativeHisgesturesservedasmasterfulelementsofdeliveryThedeeptimbreofhisvoicehisnaturalassetheightenedthepositiveimpressionThewayhecontrolledhisvoiceamplifyingitwhenappropriateglidingupahalfoctavewhenneededorallowingittofallflattodenotedisapprovalgavepowertohiswordsandhelpedhighlighthiskeythemesVaryingtheemotionaltextureofhistonemakingitwistfulattimesaffectionateatothersandindignantwhenappropriatealsogavegreatdepthtohiswordsObamaspeaksthewordswithprideandreverenceHisinflectionconveyspatrioticpridewhenspeaksofhiscountryorthethingshefeelproudofYoucanseeinhiseyesfilledwithsincerityObamastressesthewordshistoneissuingthestatementasachallengewhenXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文15speakingofmissionHistoneringswithdisapprovalandsympathywhentalkingaboutwarinIraqHistoneconveysgreatempathyofthecitizenswhoaresufferingfromunnecessarypaintsHeemphasizesthewordsandhisslightpausestoaddpowertothedeliveryHevarieshistoneandamplifieshisvolumeaccordinglytodifferentdeliveryThetextureofObamastoneiswistfulconveyingadmirationwhenhementionedtheyoungsoliderhemetnamedShamusPresidentBarackObamahasdonethiswithgreatsuccessgainingthetrustandconfidenceofthebroadarrayofpeoplewhomakeuphisdiversecoalitioneverydaycitizenspoliticianslargedonorspolicymakersmembersofthemediaestablishmentHehasdrawnonthistrustandconfidencetocapturekeyopportunitiesandexpandhisinfluenceItissaidtobewidelyagreedthatspeakingbeforeagrouporaudienceisagreatfearformanypeopleTheprimaryreasonforthisisthattheyareafraidoflookingfoolishinfrontofotherpeopleThereisnodoubtthatthisistrueformanyHoweverthisnoteveryonesexperienceandthatisnotnecessarilythemainproblemAfteralltheyearsspentinschoolsespeciallythefouryearcollegelifepublicspeakingisinevitableforeachofthestudentsStudentshavebeentrainedtobeboldenoughtomakespeechesinpublicandevennumblytrainedManystudentsdontcarewhethertheylookstupidinfrontoftheclassorlookbrilliantinfrontofthepublicThereforewhentheauthorstartedtotakepartinpublicspeakingandmanypeoplecametoaskforadviceThoughnotqualifiedasaprofessionalspeakeroradvisertheauthorlikeshelpingpeopleThereisnoresearchdonespeciallyforthispaperbuttheauthorhasbeencollectingthroughtheyearsTheauthorwashappywhensomeonesaidhersuggestionsdidhelpalittleXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文16ThefollowingaresomemajorproblemswhengivingaspeechinfrontofthepublicKnowingthatwillhelpthemfindoutwhatproblemsthatdefiesthemgivingagoodspeech1FeelingnervousTheTimessurveyfoundthat41ofthe3000respondentslistedfearofpublicspeakingastheirnumberonefearwhile19listeddeathinAmericaTheauthorbelievesthefiguremustbebiggerthan41forpeopleinChinaChinesepeoplearegenerallyspeakingmoreconservativethanAmericansSituationsarecommonlyseenlikespeakingonesentenceagainandagaingoingbacktothesamepointrepetitivelywhileforgettingwhatsnextvoicechangingwithpalmswetandthroatdrySpeakingskillsareeasytoacquireoncethefeariscontrolled2TakingaletstakethisoverwithattitudetowardsitWewontdoitrightbecausewedontcareTheauthorhastoadmitthatshedespisesthosewhoshownocaretothepeoplewhospendtheirprecioustimelisteningtothemTheyarenotjustwastingeveryonestimebutthisalsomeanshavingnorespectfortheaudience3ThehelpfuldevicethatdoesnthelpbutdoesharmtothepresentationYoumightbewonderedhowahelpfuldevicecanbeharmfulThedeviceweallknowaboutisPowerPointPPTwhichisindispensabletoalmostallpresentationsandpublicspeakingThereasonitisharmfulisthatwepaymoreattentiontoitratherthanouraudienceHaveyouevernoticedhowoftendoyouliftyoureyestotheaudienceandtoyourPPT4ReadingorrecitingaspeechratherthanspeakingitWhenwesaywearegivingaspeechnooneisexpectingustogiveapupillikerecitationwithoutknowingthemeaningThecommentusuallypraisedbytheaudienceandthejudgesisIheardastorytellingspeech5LackofbodylanguageMostpeoplehaveneverbeentrainedtobeaprofessionalpublicspeakerEventhebestwillfeelthewordslackpoweroritcouldbebetterbutwhatwentwrongisnotunderstoodTheproblemisthatthereisalackofbodylanguagetoaddweighttothewordsThatcanbelearntfromObamainthechapterGesturesthatgowiththemeaningofthewords6WordsaretooplaintomovetheaudienceMostofthestudentsthinkevensomeProfessorssuggestthatweshouldchoosepreciouswordstoshowourextendedvocabularytotheaudienceandthejudgesAsuccessfulspeechisneversomescholarpretendedpaperthatseldomgetsthroughtotheXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文17audienceMostpoorspeechesarelackofspecificexamplesKnowingtheaudienceandconnectingtothemBreakingdownthedifferencesandestablishingcommongroundiswhatPresidentObamateachesOneofthemainreasonsforhissuccessisthoseclosetolifeexamplesofthecitizensinhisspeechwhichgivesthepublicasignalofIcareaboutyouIknowyouDifficultiesorsayobstaclesthatstudentshaveinperformingaspeecharemorethanwhathavebeenstatedbuttheabovementionedarethemostcommonIfskillfullycontrolledoreveneliminatedbylearningfromeffectivestrategiesanddailypracticeeveryonecanbecomeawonderfulpublicspeakerPublicspeakingtopicsarethefirstthingsthatpopintothemindofeveryonewhohastodoaspeechUnlessyourpresentationisworkrelatedandsomeonehasalreadytoldyouthetopictherearemanymanypublicspeakingtopicstochoosefromButhowdowechoosethebestoneHowwillpeopleknowiftheiraudiencewilllikeitWhatiftheyfallasleepWhileinuniversitytheauthorhadtakenpartinseveralspeakingcontestshowevershedidntgetwhatsheexpectedTobefranktheauthortakesitthatbecauseofthebadtopicsweregivenandthespeechescontentsdidnotcomefromthebottomofherheartShefiguredoutthatwhatshesaidinthosecompetitionswerewithoutpassionandmanywordswerequotedfromothersnotherownButinsomeimpromptuspeechesshewasalwaysamongthebestXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文18ThebestsecrettoagoodspeechistowritewithpassionWritewhatyouarepassionateaboutIfyoulikeyourtopicyouwilltendtobeveryknowledgeableaboutitYourexcitementwillcomethroughinthemessageIfyouareexcitedaboutyourpublicspeakingtopicthenwritingthespeechwillbeeasyThespeechtheauthorlastperformedforaspeechcontestwasoneofherfavoritespeecheseverItwasaboutatraveltoShaoguanacityofGuangdongprovinceJustwritingthespeechbroughtbackmanymemoriesItwasfuntowriteandtheauthorlovedtalkingaboutitTheendresultsheturnedouttobethechampionofthecontestThatsnotthelessonherethoughThemessageisthatitishardtofakeenthusiasmSoalwayspayattentiontowhatyoufeelthemostinterestingaboutButthisdoesntmeanyoucantbepassionateaboutatopicthatisnotyourpassionaslongasyouhavethetalentofanactorHereisalistofthingstoconsiderwhenchoosingyourpublicspeakingtopicWritewhatyouknowItcanbeaboutyourexperienceyourworkfamilylifeYourexperienceisagreatpoolofcontenttopullfromOftentimesyoucanrelatetheincidenttotheaudienceThiswilldrawthelistenersintoyourspeechmoreBeyourselfWritethewayyouwouldpresentifyouwerespeakingtoanoldfriendAwisemanoncesaidletyourheartbeyourguideIfthepresentationcallsformoreformalitythenincorporatethatelementwhilestilllettingyourpersonalityshinethroughIfyoudontknowthetopicwelldontattempttobetechnicalIssuesmightarisewherethereissomeonewhoknowsmoreaboutthetopicthanyouandshehemaychallengeyouWorkisagreatideageneratorFamilyisoneofthebestifnotthebestideasTherearemanyguidesandgreatbooksonlinethatcanalsohelpyouwithyourpublicspeakingpursuitsXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文19ChronologicalArrangedbytimeSpatialOrderAphysicalorgeographicallayoutProblemSolutionOrdercauseeffectMotivatedSequenceProblemthensolutionTopicalOrderAcornucopiaofideasrelatingtomaintopicDoyougetsweatypalmsadrythroatMaybeyoutrytospeakbutnothingcomesoutWhentoldtheywillhavetomakeapresentationmostpeopleareconsumedbythefeartheirmindwillgoblankandtheywillstandinfrontoftheaudiencewithouttheslightestideaofwhattheyaretosaySpeechAnxietypanicattacksstagefrightItisknownbymanydifferentnamesAnditaffectsusallatsomepointinourlivesWhatisthatsensationcausedbypublicspeakingnervousnessFeelingnervousbeforeyourspeechcanbeverybeneficialInfactifIdontfeelsomewhatanxiousbeforespeakingIbegintogetnervouswhenIspeakIfindthatnerveshelpbringmyenergylevelupButyoustillneedtocontroltheamountofanxietyinpublicspeakingToomuchcanbedetrimentaltothemessageyouwishtoconveySomepeopleplayitsafeTheywriteouttheirpresentationandreaditverbatimtotheaudienceThisguaranteesfailurePeopleinanaudiencewanttolistentoaspeakerXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文20whoisconnectingwiththemandislookingatthemnotatascriptHerearesomethingstorememberbeforegoingonstageandrealizingthemwillhelpalotincontrollingyournervousnessFeelingnervousbeforeyourspeechshowsthatyoucareaboutdoingwellRealizethatitisnaturalandhealthySpeakaboutwhatyouknowYouwillbemoreconfidenttalkingonsubjectsthatyouareknowledgeableaboutPrepareResearchwriteandpracticeyourspeechorpresentationwellinadvanceThebetteryouknowyourcontentthemorerelaxedyouwillbeTakeyournervousenergyandtellyourselfthatthisisagoodthingThisenergywillhelpyoubemoreactiveandlivelyIfyouareboredyouraudiencewillbetooSpeakwheneveryougetachanceThemoreexperienceyouhavethemorecomfortableyouwillbecomeonstageAlwaysrememberthatpublicspeakingnervousnessisnotjusthappeningtoyouThinkoffamousspeakersthatyouknowandpicturethemasbeingnervousthefirsttimetheyspokeYouarenotaloneGenerallyitisgoodifyoufeelsomenervousnessbeforepublicspeakingItwillhelpyoubemorealertandinjectenthusiasmintoyourpresentationBodylanguageisimportantStandingwalkingormovingaboutwithappropriatehandgestureorfacialexpressionisthemostimportantpartthataudienceandjudgespayattentiontoRefertoGesturesThatGowiththeWordstolearnfromObamaMaintainsincereeyecontactwithyouraudienceDonotreadfromnotesforanyextendedlengthoftimealthoughitisquiteacceptabletoglanceatyournotesinfrequentlyUsethe3secondmethodeglookstraightintotheeyesofapersonintheaudiencefor3secondsatatimeHavedirecteyecontactwithanumberofpeopleintheaudienceandeverynowandthenglanceatthewholeaudiencewhilespeakingUseyoureyecontacttomakeeveryoneinyouraudiencefeelinvolvedSpeakloudlyandclearlySoundconfidentDonotmumbleIfyoumadeanerrorcorrectitandcontinueNoneedtomakeexcusesorapologizeprofuselyThatisdontapologizeformakingamistakeorbeingnervousMostpeoplenevernoticethesmallmistakesWhyTheyusuallyexpectagreatpresentationTheywanttobeentertainedWhenyoudomakeaXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文21mistaketoyouitisprobablyhugebuttotheaudienceitcouldbeperceivedaspartofthepresentationBysayingsorryyouarejustdrawingattentiontoitAddhumorwheneverappropriateandpossibleKeepaudienceinterestedthroughoutyourentirepresentationRememberthataninterestingspeechmakestimeflybutaboringspeechisalwaystoolongtoendureevenifthepresentationtimeisthesameTerminateyourpresentationwithaninterestingremarkorapowerfulpunchlineLeaveyourlistenerswithapositiveimpressionandasenseofcompletionObamaspoliticalsuccessesunderscoreawellestablishedfactleadersbenefitwhentheydevelopoutstandingcommunicationskillsbecausetheabilitytoconveyvisiontoinspireconfidencetopersuadeandmotivateothersiskeytoeffectiveleadershipThewordsusedtodescribeObamasstylecharismaticmagneticenergizingspeaktohisstrengthasacommunicatorTheadjectivesinvoketocharacterizehisspeecheseloquentinspiringcompellingManyobserversconsiderObamasuchanaccomplishedspeakerthattheycomparehimwiththegreatcommunicatorsofMartinLutherKingJrJohnFKennedyRobertKennedyBillClintonandRonaldReaganAshasbeenstatedintheabovepublicspeakingisofgreatsignificanceinbothacademictermsandcareerestablishmentThestudyofpresidentObamasoutstandingspeechmakingstrategiesespeciallythosesimplebutusefultipsformakingaspeechinthelastchapterwillbenefitusalotinimprovingourspeechmakingstrategiesOneofthebesttipsonpublicspeakingtheauthorhasheardistopictureeveryoneintheirunderwearIftheaudiencewereintheirunderwearthentheyweretheonesthatshouldbenervousnotthespeakerPresidentBarackObamasengagingandreassuringpersonalityhisskillfuluseofbodylanguagehiscontrolofvoiceandintonationhaveshownhecanalterthetextureXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文22ofhistonetobecomewistfulindignantpulsingwithoptimismanddeterminationwhateverthedeliveryrequiresHehasakeenawarenessofwhentoemploypregnantpausesmeteredjustrighttheintervalslongenoughtodrivepointshomeHeisexcellentatcreatingdynamicimagesandmovingpeoplewitheffectivegesturessometimeswithjustonefingerKeycommunicationpracticeshaveaidedObamainhisquestusingcommunicationasatoolforgainingsupportObamahasdisplayedgreatpersonalcharismaHetakesstepstoformastrongfirstimpressionandtoleverageexcellentsecondimpressionsandconveysadmirableethicsTheauthorbelievesconstantpracticecombinedwitheffectivestrategieswillyeilddesirableresults1HernckJamesAThehistoryandTheoryofRhetoricAnIntroductionAllynampBacon20012HallJamesProfessionalSkillsHandbookMBrooklynCollege19953RonKurtusOvercometheFearofSpeakingtoGroupsDecember20014LucasStephenETheArtofPublicSpeakingMMcGrawHill20095LeanneShellySayItlikeObamaThePowerofSpeakingwithPurposeandVisionMMcGrawHill20086TerryCollisonHowtoMakeanEffectiveVenturePresentationEBOL20097刘晓芬GregSchroeder一个真实的美国总统奥巴马的演讲魅力M北京中国宇航出版社20108梁文道奥巴马的胜利是修辞学的胜利J南方周末20089文秉龙李智允奥巴马的演讲艺术M北京机械工业出版社201010郑启明像奥巴马那样演讲M北京中国经济出版社200511httpwwwschoolforchampionscomspeakingfearhtm12httpwwwobamaspeechescomXx学院2011届本科生毕业论文23ThepersonIwanttothankmostismysupervisorMrYangwhopickedthistopicformeHeknowsthatnoothertopicsaremoresuitableformeforheknowswheremystrengthliesHisconstructiveadviceusefulsuggestionsandinstructivecriticismhelpsalottocompletemypaperinsuchashorttimeandmakesitaqualifiedpaperformeWithouthispatientassistanceandkindencouragementitwouldnotbepossibleformetocompletethisthesisIthankhimnotonlyforhisdevotiontothispaperbutalsoforhishardworkandencouragementinourjunioryearteachingusEnglishInterpretationIdidlearnalotfromhimbothacademicallyandethicallyTheotherpersonIwanttoexpressmysincerethankstoisIanwhosnotonlymybestforeignteacherbutalsomybestfriendHessuchagoodtutorandagoodfriendtomeHespentaconsiderableportionofhisvaluabletimereadingmypaperhelpingmecorrectsomelanguageerrorsandgivingmesuggestionsmakingthispapersoundlikealittleEnglishaccentMysinceregratitudeshouldalsogotoalltheprofessorsandteachersintheSchoolofForeignLanguageswhohavehelpedmedirectlyandindirectlyinmystudiesAnyprogressthatIhavemadeistheresultoftheirprofoundconcernanddevotion