2021-2022学年上教版（2020）高中英语：必修一 Unit 3 Choices 单元知识点讲解 学案.doc

2021-2022学年上教版（2020）高中英语：必修一 Unit 3 Choices 单元知识点讲解 学案 【词汇和短语】 单词部分： 1. convenience n.方便；便利 2. label n.标签 3. global adj.全球的；全世界的 4. snack n.点心；小吃；快餐 5. packaging n.包装材料 6. recycle v.回收利用 7. facility n.（供特定用途的）场所 8. plastic n.塑料 9. container n.容器 10. greenhouse n.温室 11. energy-efficient adj.节能的 12. amount n.数量；数额 13. gas n.气体 14. impact n.巨大影响；强大作用 15. determine v.决定 16. stress n.压力 17. cattle n.牛 18. frozen adj.冷冻的；冷藏的 19. link v.连接 20. teenager n.（13至19岁之间的）青少年 . diet n.日常饮食；日常食物 22. details n.具体情况 23. yoghurt n.酸奶 24. slim adj.苗条的；纤细的 25. image n.形象；印象 26. source n.起源；根源；原因 27. expert n.专家；行家；能手 28. loss n.丧失；损失；丢失 29. actually adv.（在口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地，事实上 30. tend v.往往会；常常就 31. moreover adv.此外，而且 32. equal adj.（大小、数量、价值等）相同的，同样的；相等的 33. comment n.评论；解释 34. host n.（电视或广播的）节目主持人 35. remind v.提醒；使想起 36. apologize v.道歉；谢罪 37. pudding n.（餐末的）甜食，甜点 38. decoration n.装饰品 39. consumer n.消费者；顾客；用户 40. despite prep.即使；尽管 41. prove v.证明；证实 42. retired adj.已退休的，已退职的 43. groceries n.食品杂货 44. establish v.查实；确定；证实 45. legally adv.合法地 46. permit v.允许；准许 47. assume v.假定；假设；认为 词组部分： 48. carbon footprint 碳足迹（日常活动所产生的碳排放量的量度方式） 49. rubbish dump 垃圾场；废物堆 50. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 51. put ... aside 忽视；不理睬；忘记 52. peanut butter 花生酱 53. baked potato （带皮）烤土豆 54. junk food 垃圾食品 55. vending machine （出售饮料等的）自动售货机 56. pay regard to 注意；关注；关心 57. traffic accident 交通事故 【重点单词】 1. label n. 标签；商标；绰号；唱片公司；词目标注；（计算机）标记；示踪剂；带垂饰的横带 v. 贴标签于；把……归类. (be labelled as… 被称之为…) He peered at the label on the bottle. 他注视着瓶子上的标签。 The product was labelled "Made in China." 该产品上贴有“中国制造”的标签。 It won't be labelled in any way as a military expedition. 它无论如何也称不上是一次军事远征。 2. recycle v. 回收利用；使再循环；重新使用 n. 回收利用，循环使用 The objective would be to recycle 98 percent of domestic waste. 该目标是循环使用98%的生活垃圾。 She is going to recycle useful rubbish. 她打算去回收有用的垃圾。 3. amount n.数量；数额 He needs that amount of money to survive. 他需要那笔钱来维持生活。 I still do a certain amount of work for them. 我仍旧为他们做一定数量的工作。 【固定搭配】 amount to…（数量上）达到… Consumer spending on sports-related items amounted to $9.75 billion. 消费者在体育相关用品上的消费总共达到了97.5亿美元。 4. impact n.巨大影响；强大作用 vt. 影响 They say they expect the meeting to have a marked impact on the future of the country. 他们说期望这次会议对国家的未来产生显著的影响。 Such schemes mean little unless they impact people. 除非能对人们造成影响，否则这样的计划意义不大。 【固定搭配】 have a/an +adj+ impact on… 对…有…影响 Her speech made a profound impact on everyone. 她的讲话对每个人都有深远的影响。 5. determine v.决定；下决心做；查明 The size of the chicken pieces will determine the cooking time. 鸡块的大小决定烹饪时间。 The investigation will determine what really happened. 该调查将查明真相。 He determined to rescue his two countrymen. 他决心要援救他的两位同胞。 【固定搭配】 be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事. 6. frozen adj.冷冻的；冷藏的; 冻僵的 v. 结冰（freeze的过去分词）；凝固； It was bitterly cold now and the ground was frozen hard. 现在天气冷极了，地面冻硬了。 Frozen fish is a very healthy convenience food. 冻鱼是一种非常健康的方便食品。 He put one hand up to his frozen face. 他抬起一只手放在他冻僵的脸上。 【拓展】 freezing adj. 极冷的，天气寒冷的 What freezing weather it is! 滴水成冰的天气！ 7. link v.连接 n. 链接；联系，关系 The link between smoking and lung cancer is clear now. 吸烟和肺癌之间的关系现在清楚了。 Seven miles of track were installed to link the hotel to the golf course. 七英里的轨道被铺设来连接宾馆和高尔夫球场。 I clicked on the link to the next page of the website. 我单击链接好翻到网站的下一页。 There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sun and skin cancer. 有可靠证据表明日光曝晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。 8. details n.具体情况；细节、详情；vt. 详细说明 The details of the plan are still being worked out. 计划的细节还在制定中。 No details of the discussions have been given. 会谈的细节尚未透露。 The report detailed the human rights abuses committed during the war. 这份报告详述了战时进行的人权践踏。 【固定搭配】 in detail 详细地 We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text. 我们详细检查了措辞，才确定了最终文本。 9. equal adj.（大小、数量、价值等）相同的，同样的；相等的 We will be demanding equal rights at work. 我们将要求工作中的平等权利。 9 percent interest less 7 percent inflation equals 2 percent. 9％的利息减去7％的通货膨胀等于2％。 We are equal in every way. 我们在各方面都是平等的。 【固定搭配】 be equal to…与…平等 10. remind v.提醒；使想起 Can you remind me to buy a bottle of wine? 你能提醒我买一瓶葡萄酒吗？ She reminds me of the wife of the pilot who used to work for you. 她使我想起曾为你工作过的飞行员之妻。 【固定搭配】 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人去做… remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事物。 【拓展】 reminder n. 起提醒作用的人或事物 11. apologize v.道歉；谢罪 I apologize for being late, but I have just had a message from the hospital. 我为迟到表示歉意，但我刚得到了来自医院的一个消息。 He apologized to the people who had been affected. 他向受到了影响的人道了歉。 【固定搭配】 apologize for sth. 因…而道歉； apologize to sb. 向…道歉； 【拓展】 apology n. 道歉 make apologies to sb.(for sth) make an apology to sb. 12. consumer n.消费者；顾客；用户 Tax cuts will boost consumer confidence after the recession. 减税将增强消费者在经济衰退后的信心。 【拓展】 consume. vt. 消费；吃; 喝. Martha would consume nearly a pound of cheese per day. 玛莎那时每天吃将近一磅奶酪。 Some of the most efficient refrigerators consume 70 percent less electricity than traditional models. 一些能效最高的冰箱比传统型号少消耗70%的电。 13. establish v.查实；确定；证实 We had already established contact with the museum. 我们已经与那个博物馆建立了联系。 Medical tests established that she was not their own child. 医学检测证实她不是他们的亲生孩子。 【拓展】 establish做动词时，还有确立地位的意思： This is going to be the show where up-and-coming comedians will establish themselves. 这会是一场很有前途的喜剧演员们将在此确立他们地位的演出。 He has established himself as a pivotal figure in state politics. 他作为国家政治中的一位轴心人物的地位已经确立。 【固定搭配】 be established as… 确立了….的地位 14. permit v.允许；准许 Try to go out for a walk at lunchtime, if the weather permits. 如果天气条件允许，午饭时尽量出去散散步。 【固定搭配】 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事。 The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 守卫允许我带上相机和录音机。 15. assume v.假定；假设；认为 It is a misconception to assume that the two continents are similar. 假设这两块大陆类似是种错误概念。 If mistakes occurred, they were assumed to be the fault of the commander on the spot. 如果出现了错误，它们就被以为是现场指挥官的错。 【拓展】 assume做动词时还有其他义项： 1） 接受 (权利、责任) Mr. Cross will assume the role of CEO with a team of four directors. 克罗斯先生将担任由４位执行官组成的一个团队的首席执行官一职。 2） 做出 (某表情); 采取 (某行为方式) He managed to assume an air of calm. 他设法表现出一幅平静的样子。 assumption. n 假设 You would be making an assumption that's not based on any fact that you could report. 你会做出不以你能报道的任何事实为依据的一种假设。 The whole argument rests on a false assumption. 整个论证都是基于一个错误的假设。 16. tend (重点词汇) tend /tɛnd/ 1）.倾向于; 往往会 A problem for manufacturers is that lighter cars tend to be noisy. 制造商遇到的一个问题是重量较轻的汽车往往噪音大。 2）. 照顾; 照管 to tend to someone's needs 3）. 护理 to tend wounded soldiers 【固定搭配】 tend to do sth. /tend to be） 倾向于做某事。 【近义词辨析】 cherish 强调抚育或爱抚。 nurse 通常指对无力自顾的婴儿、病人等进行照料或护理。 cultivate 具体意义指耕耘、培育植物；抽象意义指培养兴趣或向往的理想事物。 foster 指对孩子的关心、鼓励、供养及抚养其成长；也指鼓励、促进事物的增长与发展。 tend 指出于责任心、博爱心而不是私人感情去对人或物进行照顾。 【形近词辨析】 trend /trɛnd/ n. 趋势；时尚 This is a growing trend. 这是一个不断增长的趋势。 The latest trend is gardening. 最新的时尚是园艺。 tendency /ˈtɛndənsɪ/ 倾向 ...the government's tendency to secrecy in recent years. …近年来政府的保密倾向。 (性格方面不好的) 倾向 He is spoiled, arrogant and has a tendency toward snobbery. 他被宠坏了，很傲慢，而且有势利倾向 17. comment v/n. 评论；解释。 You really can't comment until you know the facts. 你的确不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。 He made his comments at a news conference in Amsterdam. 他在阿姆斯特丹的一次记者招待会上做了评论。 【固定搭配】 comment on 对……评论 =make comments on sth. 对….做出评价。 I don't feel I can comment on their decision. 我觉得我无法对他们的决定作出评论。 【课堂练习】 I. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases from the box below. Change the form where necessary. global recycle establish assume permit apologize comment remind determine loss slim 1. The loss of glaciers due to warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. 由于全球变暖带来的冰川融化对农业造成了巨大的威胁。 2. If we try our best to the wastes, we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources. 如果我们尽力回收废物，我们可以减少污染，保护自然资源。 3. A fleet sailed for New South Wales to ___________ the first European settlement in Australia. 一支舰队驶向新南威尔士去建立欧洲在澳大利亚的第一个移民地。 4. It is quite reasonable to __________ that modern science and technology will continue to advance. 人们认为科技会继续进步，这个预测是有道理的。 5. Cash machines __________ you to withdraw money at any time. 取款机可让你随时取款。 6. We __________ for the late arrival of the train. 我们为火车误点表示歉意。 7. You really can't _________ until you know the facts. 你的确不能在你知道事实之前进行评论。 8. They _________ me of the time when I used to live in Spain. 它们让我想起那些我在西班牙生活的日子。 9. An inquiry was set up to ___________ the cause of the accident. 已展开调查以确定事故原因。 10. The war brought massive devastation and _________ of life to the region. 战争给该地区造成巨大的破坏以及生命的丧失。 答案： global 2. recycle 3. establish 4. assume 5. permit 6. apologize 7. comment remind 9. determine 10. loss II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Innovations that will change the classrooms American schools are going high-tech. Many symbols we still associate with classrooms and learning, like chalkboards, pens, notebooks — even classrooms () ______ — are quickly becoming outdated. As this week marks The Huffington Post’s 10th anniversary, we’ll take a look at some products that (22) ______ (introduce) to classrooms in the past decade and have the potential to change the educational landscape in the years (23) ______ (come). 1. Remote Learning Some schools are cutting down on snow days, thanks to technology. Rather than giving kids the day off (24) ______ weather conditions are too dangerous for commuting, these schools are asking students to follow classroom lessons online. Although kids (25) ______ (hope) for a snow day may not particularly appreciate these advancements in digital learning, online lessons allow these kids to complete their coursework and still interact with peers. Some students with medical conditions (26) ______ “go” to school via video conferencing or even with the help of robots enabled with video chat that they can control remotely. 2. eBooks Discovery Education has been replacing traditional textbooks with original “techbooks” for six years. These “techbooks” can also be switched to Spanish or French, Kinney said, (27) ______ allows some parents who don’t speak English to help their kids with their homework. 3. Educational Games In-class gaming options have evolved to include more educational options. GlassLabcreates educational games that are now being used in more than 6,000 classrooms across the country. Teachers get real-time updates on students’ progress as well as suggestions on (28) ______ subjects they need to spend more time perfecting. The Internet and other digital tools have some drawbacks. They’re often distracting, (29) ______ most developments have exciting implications for the future. Over the last 10 years, technological innovations have made education more interactive, immediate and (30) ______ (personalize), — and have shown us the potential for more accessible and effective classrooms. 答案： . themselves 22. have been introduced 23. to come 24. when / if 25. hoping 26. can 27. which 28. what /the 29. but 30. personalized 【语法详解】 本单元语法主要介绍定语从句的定义，以及关系代词的用法。 一、定语从句： 定语从句包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用，是把作定语的从句和主句中被修饰的先行词连接在一起，而且在从句中充当一个句子成分。在本章中，将先讲述定语从句的定义，种类及各种关系代词的用法，之后讲解各种关系副词的用法以及由as引导的定语从句，最后总结使用定语从句需注意的事项，进一步帮助学生们学会正确使用定语从句。 典型例句：1.This is the teacher who often tells jokes.这就是那个常讲笑话的老师。 2.Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.想去长城的人在这里签名。 3.Water,which is a liquid,has many uses.水是一种液体，有很多用途。 1.定语从句概述 1.定语从句的定义 在复合句中，用于修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词包括关系代词who（宾格whom，所有格whose），that，which和关系副词where，when，why等。 The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday. 穿着黑色外套的男孩昨天买了一个iPod. The noodles that/which my mother cooked were delicious.我妈妈煮的面条很好吃。 The school where I learned judo was very large.我学习柔道的学校非常大。 I remember the day when our band was formed.我记得我们乐队成立的日子。 I don’t know the reason why she got so angry this morning. 我不知道她今天早上为什么那么生气。 说明：这几个例子中，先行词分别是boy，noodles，school，day，reason。 加下划线的部分为定语从句。 处在先行词和定语从句之间的who，that和which是关系代词，where，when和why是关系代词。 2.定语从句的种类 定语从句可以为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。学习时要明确两者的意义和区别。 1.限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句又称为限制性定语从句，它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的主语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或者就完全失去意义。限定性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。 Do you know the girl who just came in?你认识刚才进来的那个女孩吗？ Shanghai is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit.上海是一座我一直想要去游览的城市。 Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane. 她的姐姐嫁给了一个她在飞机上认识的人。 The time when I first met Mr.White was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到怀特先生的时候，我正处于一生中非常艰难的时期。 2.非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句又称为非限制性定语从句，它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚、完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that引导，关系词不可以省略。 The old woman,who lives on her own,has a cat for company. 那位老妇人一个人住，有一只猫作伴。 Lori is going to marry Mark,whom she does not love.罗丽准备嫁给马克，可她并不爱他。 Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city. 中国的首都北京是一座非常美丽的城市。 3.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用情形 ○表示限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用情形 〇表示非限定性定语从句中关系代词的使用情形 关系代词 代表人 代表物 代表主句或部分主句的内容 主格 宾格 所有格 主格 宾格 所有格 who ○○ ○○ whom ○○ which ○○ ○○ ○ whose ○○ ○○ as ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ of which ○○ that ○ ○ ○ ○ 4.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别 限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句 与先行词关系密切 （删掉后影响整个意思的表达） 与先行词关系不密切 （是一种补充说明，删掉后不影响整个意思的表达） 不用逗号隔开 一般使用逗号隔开 可用关系代词that 不可用关系代词that 关系代词可以省略 （that，who，which在从句中担任宾语时可以省略） 关系代词不可以省略 关系代词可以替代 （whom作宾语可用who或that替代） 关系代词不能替代 读时不停顿 读时停顿，用降调 只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分。 可以修饰主句或主句的一部分，此时一定有逗号分开，只能由which或as引导。 2.关系代词的用法 在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1.关系代词who和whom的用法 两者都用于指代人，但在用法上存在差别。 1.基本用法 who可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”。 Johnny is a person who always has novel ideas.约翰尼是一个经常会有新奇想法的人。 （关系代词who在从句中作主语） The girl who won the first pr