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上传于：2024-08-16
第一讲走进化学世界什么是化学怎样学习化学学习化学的方法实验探究学习化学的工具是元素周期表化学学习的特点是三个关注关注物质的组成结构性质变化规律化学实验的基本技能药品的取用粉末状固体药匙或纸槽块状固体镊子少量液体滴管一定量液体量筒或滴管实验中未说明用量一般用最少量液体毫升固体盖满试管底部物质的加热常用的加热仪器是酒精灯灯芯剪平齐加酒不过肩加热在外焰内焰温度低熄灯用帽盖嘴吹最最忌给固体物质加热试管固定铁架台铁夹离口三分一受热试管口下倾免使回水管遭裂固体平铺近管底移动火焰匀受热用毕待冷再拆卸洗净放稳莫着急给液体物质加热盛液不过三分一外壁试干防烧裂木夹持管手握柄度倾斜来加热液面液底匀受热管口对空不对人仪器的洗涤玻璃仪器标准内壁附着均匀水膜不聚滴也不成股流下方法使用毛刷用去污剂和水冲洗特殊油污附有难溶于水的碱金属氧化物碳酸盐用稀盐酸清洗附有二氧化锰高锰酸钾用浓盐酸洗油污用热碱如碳酸钠清洗气体的收集排水法适用于不易溶于水或难溶于水且不与水反应的气体向上排空气法适用于气体密度比空气大的气体向下排空气法适用于气体密度比空气小的气体你认为下列选项不属于化学研究范畴的是物质的组成与结构物质的变化与性质物质